Laws about Honesty and Justice

23 “You must not spread a false report. Do not join[a] the wicked to be a malicious witness.(A)

“You must not follow a crowd in wrongdoing. Do not testify in a lawsuit and go along with a crowd to pervert justice.(B) Do not show favoritism to a poor person in his lawsuit.

“If you come across your enemy’s stray ox or donkey, you must return it to him.

“If you see the donkey of someone who hates you lying helpless under its load, and you want to refrain from helping it, you must help with it.[b](C)

“You must not deny justice to a poor person among you in his lawsuit. Stay far away from a false accusation. Do not kill the innocent and the just, because I will not justify the guilty.(D) You must not take a bribe,(E) for a bribe blinds the clear-sighted and corrupts the words[c] of the righteous. You must not oppress a resident alien;(F) you yourselves know how it feels to be a resident alien because you were resident aliens in the land of Egypt.

Sabbaths and Festivals

10 “Sow your land for six years and gather its produce.(G) 11 But during the seventh year you are to let it rest and leave it uncultivated, so that the poor among your people may eat from it and the wild animals may consume what they leave. Do the same with your vineyard and your olive grove.

12 “Do your work(H) for six days but rest on the seventh day so that your ox and your donkey may rest, and the son of your female slave as well as the resident alien may be refreshed.

13 “Pay strict attention to everything I have said to you. You must not invoke the names of other gods; they must not be heard on your lips.[d](I)

14 “Celebrate a festival in my honor three times a year.(J) 15 Observe the Festival of Unleavened Bread. As I commanded you, you are to eat unleavened bread for seven days at the appointed time in the month of Abib,[e] because you came out of Egypt in that month. No one is to appear before me empty-handed.(K) 16 Also observe the Festival of Harvest[f] with the firstfruits of your produce from what you sow in the field, and observe the Festival of Ingathering[g](L) at the end of the year, when you gather your produce[h] from the field. 17 Three times a year all your males are to appear before the Lord God.

18 “You must not offer the blood of my sacrifices with anything leavened. The fat of my festival offering must not remain until morning.(M)

19 “Bring the best of the firstfruits of your land to the house of the Lord your God.

“You must not boil a young goat in its mother’s milk.(N)

Promises and Warnings

20 “I am going to send an angel(O) before you to protect you on the way and bring you to the place I have prepared. 21 Be attentive to him and listen to him. Do not defy him, because he will not forgive your acts of rebellion, for my name is in him.(P) 22 But if you will carefully obey him and do everything I say, then I will be an enemy(Q) to your enemies and a foe to your foes. 23 For my angel will go before you and bring you to the land of the Amorites, Hethites, Perizzites, Canaanites, Hivites, and Jebusites, and I will wipe them out.(R) 24 Do not bow in worship to their gods, and do not serve them. Do not imitate their practices. Instead, demolish them[i] and smash their sacred pillars to pieces.(S) 25 Serve the Lord your God, and he[j] will bless your bread and your water. I will remove illnesses from you.(T) 26 No woman will miscarry or be childless in your land. I will give you the full number of your days.(U)

27 “I will cause the people ahead of you to feel terror[k] and will throw into confusion(V) all the nations you come to. I will make all your enemies turn their backs to you in retreat.[l] 28 I will send hornets[m](W) in front of you, and they will drive the Hivites, Canaanites, and Hethites away from you. 29 I will not drive them out ahead of you in a single year; otherwise, the land would become desolate, and wild animals would multiply against you. 30 I will drive them out little by little ahead of you until you have become numerous[n] and take possession of the land. 31 I will set your borders from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea,[o] and from the wilderness to the Euphrates River.[p] For I will place the inhabitants of the land under your control, and you will drive them out ahead of you.(X) 32 You must not make a covenant(Y) with them or their gods. 33 They must not remain in your land, or else they will make you sin against me. If you serve their gods, it will be a snare for you.”(Z)

Footnotes

  1. 23:1 Lit join hands with
  2. 23:5 Or load, you must refrain from leaving it to him; you must set it free with him
  3. 23:8 Or and subverts the cause
  4. 23:13 Lit mouth
  5. 23:15 March–April; called Nisan in the post-exilic period; Neh 2:1; Est 3:7
  6. 23:16 The Festival of Harvest is called Festival of Weeks elsewhere; Ex 34:22. In the NT it is called Pentecost; Ac 2:1.
  7. 23:16 The Festival of Ingathering is called Festival of Shelters elsewhere; Lv 23:34–36.
  8. 23:16 Lit labors
  9. 23:24 Probably the idols
  10. 23:25 LXX, Vg read I
  11. 23:27 Lit will send terror of me ahead of you
  12. 23:27 Or I will give your enemies to you by the neck
  13. 23:28 Or send panic
  14. 23:30 Lit fruitful
  15. 23:31 Lit the Sea of the Philistines
  16. 23:31 Lit the River

Laws about Truthful Testimony

23 “You are not to spread a false report, nor are you to join forces[a] with the wicked to be a malicious witness. You are not to follow the majority[b] in doing wrong, and you are not to testify in a lawsuit so as to follow the majority and pervert justice. You are not to show partiality to a poor man in his lawsuit.

“If you come across your enemy’s ox or donkey wandering off, you are to certainly return it to him. If you see your enemy’s donkey lying helpless under its load, you must not abandon it; rather, you are certainly to return it to him.[c]

“You are not to pervert justice for the poor among you[d] in their lawsuits.[e] Stay far away from a false charge, and don’t kill the innocent or the righteous, because I won’t acquit the guilty. You are not to take a bribe because a bribe blinds the clear-sighted and distorts the words of the righteous. You are not to oppress the resident alien, because you were aliens in the land of Egypt.”

Instructions for Sabbaths and Sabbatical Years

10 “You are to sow your land and gather its crops for six years, 11 but you are to let it rest the seventh year, leaving it unplanted. The poor of your people may eat from it,[f] and the wild animals may eat what they leave. You are to do the same with your vineyards and olive groves. 12 You are to do your work for six days, but on the seventh day you are to refrain from work so that your ox and donkey[g] may rest, and so the son of your maidservant and the alien may be refreshed.

13 “Be careful about everything I’ve told you, and don’t mention the name of other gods. Don’t let them be heard in your mouth!”

The Three Major Festivals

14 “Three times a year you are to celebrate a festival for me. 15 You are to observe the Festival of Unleavened Bread. As I commanded you, you are to eat unleavened bread for seven days at the appointed time in the month Abib, because in it you came out of Egypt. No one is to appear before me empty handed. 16 You are to observe[h] the Festival of Harvest,[i] celebrating[j] the first fruits of your work in planting the field, and the Festival of Tabernacles[k] at the end of the year, when you gather the fruit of your work from the field. 17 Three times a year all your males are to appear in the presence of the Lord God.”

Various Laws

18 “You are not to offer the blood of my sacrifice with anything leavened, and you are not to let the fat portion of my sacrifice remain overnight until morning.

19 “You are to bring the best of the first fruits of your soil to the house of the Lord your God.

“You are not to boil a young goat in its mother’s milk.”

God Promises Help as the Israelis Enter Canaan

20 “Look, I’m sending an angel in front of you to guard you on the way and to bring you to the place I’ve prepared. 21 Be careful! Be sure to obey him. Don’t rebel against him, because he won’t forgive your transgression, since my Name is in him. 22 Indeed, if you carefully obey him and do everything that I say, then I’ll be an enemy to your enemies and an adversary to your adversaries, 23 because my angel will go ahead of you and will bring you to the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Canaanites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites, and I’ll annihilate them. 24 You are not to bow down to their gods or serve them. You are not to follow their practices,[l] but you are to overthrow them completely and smash their sacred stones[m] to pieces. 25 You are to serve the Lord your God, and he will bless your food[n] and water, and I’ll remove sickness from you. 26 No woman will miscarry or be barren in your land, and I’ll make every day of your life complete.[o]

27 “I’ll go ahead of you and terrorize all the people to whom you are coming. I’ll confuse your enemies and make them turn their backs on you and run away.[p] 28 I’ll send hornets ahead of you and they’ll drive out the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the Hittites before you. 29 I won’t drive them out before you in a single year, so that the land does not become desolate and so that wild animals do not overrun you. 30 I’ll drive them out ahead of you little by little until you increase in numbers[q] and possess the land.

31 “I’ll set your borders from the Reed[r] Sea to the Sea of the Philistines,[s] and from the desert to the Euphrates[t] River, bringing[u] the inhabitants of the land under your control,[v] and you are to drive them out ahead of you. 32 You are not to make a covenant with them or with their gods. 33 They are not to live in your land. Otherwise they will cause you to sin against me. If you worship their gods, it will become a snare for you.”

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 23:1 Lit. set your hand
  2. Exodus 23:2 Or many
  3. Exodus 23:5 Lit. leave it with him
  4. Exodus 23:6 Lit. your poor
  5. Exodus 23:6 Lit. in his lawsuit
  6. Exodus 23:11 Lit. shall eat
  7. Exodus 23:12 Lit. your donkey
  8. Exodus 23:16 The Heb. lacks You are to observe
  9. Exodus 23:16 I.e. the Festival of Weeks or Pentecost
  10. Exodus 23:16 Lit. of
  11. Exodus 23:16 Or of Ingathering, or of Tents, or of Thanksgiving
  12. Exodus 23:24 Lit. do their deeds
  13. Exodus 23:24 Or pillars
  14. Exodus 23:25 Or bread
  15. Exodus 23:26 Lit. make the number of your days full
  16. Exodus 23:27 The Heb. lacks and run away
  17. Exodus 23:30 Lit. you are fruitful
  18. Exodus 23:31 So MT; LXX reads Red
  19. Exodus 23:31 I.e. Mediterranean Sea
  20. Exodus 23:31 MT lacks Euphrates
  21. Exodus 23:31 Lit. giving
  22. Exodus 23:31 Lit. into your hand