Exode 34
La Bible du Semeur
Le renouvellement de l’alliance
34 L’Eternel dit à Moïse : Taille toi-même deux tablettes de pierre semblables aux premières et j’y graverai les paroles qui se trouvaient sur celles que tu as brisées. 2 Sois prêt pour demain matin ; monte dès l’aube sur le mont Sinaï et tiens-toi là pour m’attendre, au sommet de la montagne. 3 Personne ne montera avec toi, on ne verra aucune autre personne sur toute la montagne. Que même ni petit ni gros bétail ne paisse aux abords de la montagne.
4 Moïse tailla deux tablettes de pierre semblables aux précédentes et le lendemain matin, de bonne heure, gravit le mont Sinaï, comme l’Eternel le lui avait ordonné, tenant en main les deux tablettes de pierre.
5 L’Eternel descendit dans la nuée, il se tint là près de lui et proclama son nom : 6 il passa devant lui en proclamant : L’Eternel, l’Eternel, un Dieu plein de compassion et de grâce, lent à se mettre en colère, et riche en amour et en fidélité[a] ! 7 Il conserve son amour jusqu’à la millième génération : il pardonne le crime, la faute et le péché, mais ne tient pas le coupable pour innocent, il punit la faute des pères sur leurs descendants jusqu’à la troisième, voire même la quatrième génération.
8 Aussitôt, Moïse s’inclina jusqu’à terre et se prosterna. 9 Puis il dit : Seigneur, si j’ai obtenu ta faveur, je t’en prie, Seigneur, marche au milieu de nous. Oui, c’est un peuple rebelle, mais veuille pardonner nos fautes et nos péchés et conserver notre peuple comme ta possession !
10 Dieu répondit : Je vais conclure une alliance avec vous. En présence de tout ton peuple, je ferai des prodiges tels qu’il ne s’en est jamais produit sur la terre entière chez aucun autre peuple, et tout le peuple qui t’entoure verra combien est impressionnante l’œuvre de l’Eternel que j’accomplis avec toi.
11 Retenez bien ce que je vous commande aujourd’hui. Je vais chasser devant vous les Amoréens, les Cananéens, les Hittites, les Phéréziens, les Héviens et les Yebousiens. 12 Gardez-vous de conclure une alliance avec les habitants du pays dans lequel vous allez entrer, ils deviendraient un piège au milieu de vous. 13 Au contraire, vous renverserez leurs autels, vous briserez leurs stèles[b], et vous abattrez leurs pieux sacrés voués à la déesse Ashéra[c].
14 Vous ne vous prosternerez devant aucune autre divinité ; car son nom à lui, c’est « l’Eternel qui ne tolère aucun rival » et il est effectivement un Dieu qui ne tolère aucun rival.
15 N’allez donc pas conclure une alliance avec les habitants du pays ; car ces gens se prostituent à leurs dieux, ils leur offrent des sacrifices, et, à leur invitation, vous mangeriez de ce qu’ils leur ont offert. 16 Vous prendriez parmi leurs filles des épouses pour vos fils, et leurs filles, qui se prostituent à leurs dieux, entraîneraient vos fils à faire de même.
17 Vous ne vous ferez pas de dieu en métal fondu[d].
18 Vous observerez la fête des Pains sans levain. Pendant les sept jours fixés du mois des épis, vous mangerez des pains sans levain, comme je vous l’ai prescrit, car c’est au cours de ce mois que vous êtes sortis d’Egypte[e].
19 Tout premier-né m’appartient. Il en est ainsi de tout premier-né mâle de ton bétail, veau ou agneau[f]. 20 Quant au premier-né de l’âne, vous le rachèterez par un agneau ; si vous ne le rachetez pas, vous lui briserez la nuque. Vous rachèterez toujours tout premier-né de vos fils.
Vous ne viendrez pas vous présenter devant moi les mains vides[g] !
21 Vous travaillerez six jours, mais le septième jour, vous vous reposerez ; même au temps du labour et de la moisson, vous vous reposerez[h].
22 Observe aussi la fête des Semaines[i] à l’occasion des premiers grains de blé moissonnés, ainsi que la fête de la récolte à la fin de l’année[j]. 23 Trois fois par an, tous les hommes du peuple viendront se présenter devant moi, le Souverain, l’Eternel, le Dieu d’Israël. 24 Car je déposséderai d’autres peuples devant vous, j’agrandirai votre territoire, et personne ne cherchera à conquérir votre pays pendant que vous monterez pour vous présenter devant l’Eternel votre Dieu trois fois par an.
25 Vous ne ferez pas couler le sang de mon sacrifice sur du pain levé, et vous ne garderez pas jusqu’au lendemain matin la viande du sacrifice de la fête de Pâque[k].
26 Vous apporterez le meilleur des premiers produits de votre terre au sanctuaire de l’Eternel votre Dieu.
Vous ne ferez pas cuire un chevreau dans le lait de sa mère[l].
27 L’Eternel dit à Moïse : Inscris-toi ces paroles-là ; car c’est dans ces termes que je conclus alliance avec toi et avec le peuple d’Israël.
28 Moïse demeura là avec l’Eternel quarante jours et quarante nuits, sans rien manger ni boire, et l’Eternel écrivit sur les tablettes les paroles de l’alliance, les dix commandements.
Le visage de Moïse
29 Puis Moïse redescendit du mont Sinaï, tenant en main les deux tablettes de l’acte de l’alliance. Il ne savait pas que la peau de son visage était devenue rayonnante pendant qu’il s’entretenait avec l’Eternel[m]. 30 Aaron et tous les Israélites regardèrent Moïse, et s’aperçurent que la peau de son visage rayonnait. Ils eurent peur de s’approcher de lui. 31 Alors Moïse les appela. Aaron et tous les chefs de la communauté revinrent vers lui, et il s’entretint avec eux. 32 Après cela, tous les Israélites s’approchèrent de lui et il leur transmit tous les commandements que l’Eternel lui avait donnés sur le mont Sinaï.
33 Quand il eut terminé de parler avec eux, il se couvrit le visage d’un voile. 34 Lorsqu’il se rendait devant l’Eternel pour s’entretenir avec lui, il ôtait le voile jusqu’à ce qu’il ressorte de la tente. A sa sortie, il communiquait aux Israélites les ordres qu’il avait reçus. 35 Les Israélites voyaient que la peau du visage de Moïse rayonnait, puis Moïse remettait le voile sur son visage jusqu’à ce qu’il retourne s’entretenir avec l’Eternel.
Footnotes
- 34.6 Pour les v. 6-7, voir, entre autres, Ex 20.5-6 ; Nb 14.18 ; Dt 5.9-10 ; 7.9-10.
- 34.13 Pierres dressées, symboles de la divinité masculine, dont le culte est condamné par l’Eternel : 23.24 ; Lv 26.1 ; Dt 7.5 ; 12.3 ; 16.22.
- 34.13 Pieux ou poteaux sacrés des sanctuaires cananéens, dont le nom a parfois été employé pour désigner la divinité qu’ils étaient censés représenter (Jg 6.25 ; 1 R 14.23 ; 15.13). Voir Dt 16.21-22.
- 34.17 Voir Ex 20.4-5 ; Lv 19.4 ; 26.1 ; Dt 4.15-18 ; 5.8 ; 27.15.
- 34.18 Pour les v. 18-26, voir Ex 23.14-19 ; Dt 16.1-17 ; Ex 12.14-20 ; Lv 23.6-8 ; Nb 28.16-25.
- 34.19 Voir Ex 13.2 ; Nb 3.13 ; Lc 2.23.
- 34.20 Voir Ex 13.13 ; Nb 18.15.
- 34.21 Voir Ex 20.8-11 ; 23.12 ; 31.12-17 ; 35.2 ; Lv 23.3 ; Dt 5.13-14.
- 34.22 Appelée ainsi parce que l’on comptait sept semaines à partir de la Pâque.
- 34.22 Voir Ex 23.16 ; Lv 23.15-21 ; Nb 28.26-31.
- 34.25 Voir 12.10.
- 34.26 Voir 23.19.
- 34.29 Pour les v. 29-35, allusion en 2 Co 3.7-16.
Exodus 34
Contemporary English Version
The Second Set of Commandments
(Deuteronomy 10.1-5)
34 One day the Lord said to Moses, “Cut two flat stones like the first ones I made, and I will write on them the same commandments that were on the two you broke. 2 Be ready tomorrow morning to come up Mount Sinai and meet me at the top. 3 No one is to come with you or to be on the mountain at all. Don't even let the sheep and cattle graze at the foot of the mountain.” 4 So Moses cut two flat stones like the first ones, and early the next morning he carried them to the top of Mount Sinai, just as the Lord had commanded.
5 The Lord God came down in a cloud and stood beside Moses there on the mountain. God spoke his holy name, “the Lord.”[a] 6 (A) Then he passed in front of Moses and called out, “I am the Lord God. I am merciful and very patient with my people. I show great love, and I can be trusted. 7 I keep my promises to my people forever, but I also punish anyone who sins. When people sin, I punish them and their children, and also their grandchildren and great-grandchildren.”
8 Moses quickly bowed down to the ground and worshiped the Lord. 9 He prayed, “Lord, if you really are pleased with me, I pray that you will go with us. It is true that these people are sinful and rebellious, but forgive our sin and let us be your people.”
A Promise and Its Demands
(Exodus 23.14-19; Deuteronomy 7.1-5; 16.1-17)
10 The Lord said:
I promise to perform miracles for you that have never been seen anywhere on earth. Neighboring nations will stand in fear and know that I was the one who did these marvelous things. 11 I will force out the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites, but you must do what I command you today. 12 Don't make treaties with any of those people. If you do, it will be like falling into a trap. 13 (B) Instead, you must destroy their altars and tear down the sacred poles[b] they use in the worship of the goddess Asherah. 14 I demand your complete loyalty—you must not worship any other god! 15 Don't make treaties with the people there, or you will soon find yourselves worshiping their gods and taking part in their sacrificial meals. 16 Your men will even marry their women and be influenced to worship their gods.
17 (C) Don't make metal images of gods.
18 (D) Don't fail to observe the Festival of Thin Bread in the month of Abib.[c] Obey me and eat bread without yeast for seven days during Abib, because that is the month you left Egypt.
19 (E) The first-born males of your families and of your flocks and herds belong to me.
20 (F) You can save the life of a first-born donkey[d] by sacrificing a lamb; if you don't, you must break the donkey's neck. You must save every first-born son.
Bring an offering every time you come to worship.
21 (G) Work for six days and rest on the seventh day, even during the seasons for plowing and harvesting. 22 (H) Celebrate the Harvest Festival[e] each spring when you start harvesting your wheat, and celebrate the Festival of Shelters[f] each autumn when you pick your fruit.
23 Your men must come to worship me three times a year, because I am the Lord God of Israel. 24 As you advance, I will force the nations out of your land and enlarge your borders. Then no one will try to take your property when you come to worship me these three times each year.
25 (I) When you sacrifice an animal on the altar, don't offer bread made with yeast. And don't save any part of the Passover meal for the next day.
26 (J) I am the Lord your God, and you must bring the first part of your harvest to the place of worship.
Don't boil a young goat in its mother's milk.
27 The Lord told Moses to put these laws in writing, as part of his agreement with Israel. 28 Moses stayed on the mountain with the Lord for 40 days and nights, without eating or drinking. And he wrote down the Ten Commandments, the most important part of God's agreement with his people.
Moses Comes Down from Mount Sinai
29 (K) Moses came down from Mount Sinai, carrying the Ten Commandments. His face was shining brightly because the Lord had been speaking to him. But Moses did not know at first that his face was shining. 30 When Aaron and the others looked at Moses, they saw this, and they were afraid to go near him. 31 Moses called out for Aaron and the leaders to come to him, and he spoke with them. 32 Then the rest of the people of Israel gathered around Moses, and he gave them the laws that the Lord had given him on Mount Sinai.
33 The face of Moses kept shining, and after he had spoken with the people, he covered his face with a veil. 34 Moses would always remove the veil when he went into the sacred tent to speak with the Lord. And when he came out, he would tell the people everything the Lord had told him to say. 35 They could see that his face was still shining. So after he had spoken with them, he would put the veil back on and leave it on until the next time he went to speak with the Lord.
Footnotes
Exodus 34
New International Version
The New Stone Tablets
34 The Lord said to Moses, “Chisel out two stone tablets like the first ones,(A) and I will write on them the words that were on the first tablets,(B) which you broke.(C) 2 Be ready in the morning, and then come up on Mount Sinai.(D) Present yourself to me there on top of the mountain. 3 No one is to come with you or be seen anywhere on the mountain;(E) not even the flocks and herds may graze in front of the mountain.”
4 So Moses chiseled(F) out two stone tablets like the first ones and went up Mount Sinai early in the morning, as the Lord had commanded him; and he carried the two stone tablets in his hands.(G) 5 Then the Lord came down in the cloud(H) and stood there with him and proclaimed his name, the Lord.(I) 6 And he passed in front of Moses, proclaiming, “The Lord, the Lord, the compassionate(J) and gracious God, slow to anger,(K) abounding in love(L) and faithfulness,(M) 7 maintaining love to thousands,(N) and forgiving wickedness, rebellion and sin.(O) Yet he does not leave the guilty unpunished;(P) he punishes the children and their children for the sin of the parents to the third and fourth generation.”(Q)
8 Moses bowed to the ground at once and worshiped. 9 “Lord,” he said, “if I have found favor(R) in your eyes, then let the Lord go with us.(S) Although this is a stiff-necked(T) people, forgive our wickedness and our sin,(U) and take us as your inheritance.”(V)
10 Then the Lord said: “I am making a covenant(W) with you. Before all your people I will do wonders(X) never before done in any nation in all the world.(Y) The people you live among will see how awesome is the work that I, the Lord, will do for you. 11 Obey what I command(Z) you today. I will drive out before you the Amorites, Canaanites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites.(AA) 12 Be careful not to make a treaty(AB) with those who live in the land where you are going, or they will be a snare(AC) among you. 13 Break down their altars, smash their sacred stones and cut down their Asherah poles.[a](AD) 14 Do not worship any other god,(AE) for the Lord, whose name(AF) is Jealous, is a jealous God.(AG)
15 “Be careful not to make a treaty(AH) with those who live in the land; for when they prostitute(AI) themselves to their gods and sacrifice to them, they will invite you and you will eat their sacrifices.(AJ) 16 And when you choose some of their daughters as wives(AK) for your sons and those daughters prostitute themselves to their gods,(AL) they will lead your sons to do the same.
17 “Do not make any idols.(AM)
18 “Celebrate the Festival of Unleavened Bread.(AN) For seven days eat bread made without yeast,(AO) as I commanded you. Do this at the appointed time in the month of Aviv,(AP) for in that month you came out of Egypt.
19 “The first offspring(AQ) of every womb belongs to me, including all the firstborn males of your livestock, whether from herd or flock. 20 Redeem the firstborn donkey with a lamb, but if you do not redeem it, break its neck.(AR) Redeem all your firstborn sons.(AS)
“No one is to appear before me empty-handed.(AT)
21 “Six days you shall labor, but on the seventh day you shall rest;(AU) even during the plowing season and harvest(AV) you must rest.
22 “Celebrate the Festival of Weeks with the firstfruits(AW) of the wheat harvest, and the Festival of Ingathering(AX) at the turn of the year.[b] 23 Three times(AY) a year all your men are to appear before the Sovereign Lord, the God of Israel. 24 I will drive out nations(AZ) before you and enlarge your territory,(BA) and no one will covet your land when you go up three times each year to appear before the Lord your God.
25 “Do not offer the blood of a sacrifice to me along with anything containing yeast,(BB) and do not let any of the sacrifice from the Passover Festival remain until morning.(BC)
26 “Bring the best of the firstfruits(BD) of your soil to the house of the Lord your God.
“Do not cook a young goat in its mother’s milk.”(BE)
27 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Write(BF) down these words, for in accordance with these words I have made a covenant(BG) with you and with Israel.” 28 Moses was there with the Lord forty days and forty nights(BH) without eating bread or drinking water.(BI) And he wrote on the tablets(BJ) the words of the covenant—the Ten Commandments.(BK)
The Radiant Face of Moses
29 When Moses came down from Mount Sinai(BL) with the two tablets of the covenant law in his hands,(BM) he was not aware that his face was radiant(BN) because he had spoken with the Lord. 30 When Aaron and all the Israelites saw Moses, his face was radiant, and they were afraid to come near him. 31 But Moses called to them; so Aaron and all the leaders of the community(BO) came back to him, and he spoke to them. 32 Afterward all the Israelites came near him, and he gave them all the commands(BP) the Lord had given him on Mount Sinai.
33 When Moses finished speaking to them, he put a veil(BQ) over his face. 34 But whenever he entered the Lord’s presence to speak with him, he removed the veil until he came out. And when he came out and told the Israelites what he had been commanded, 35 they saw that his face was radiant.(BR) Then Moses would put the veil back over his face until he went in to speak with the Lord.
Footnotes
- Exodus 34:13 That is, wooden symbols of the goddess Asherah
- Exodus 34:22 That is, in the autumn
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