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Exode 22
La Bible du Semeur
Exode 22
La Bible du Semeur
22 Si l’on surprend un voleur en train de pénétrer dans une maison par effraction et qu’on lui assène un coup mortel, celui qui l’aura frappé ne sera pas coupable de meurtre. 2 Par contre, si cela se passe en plein jour, celui qui l’aura frappé sera coupable de meurtre. Tout voleur devra verser une indemnité. S’il ne possède rien, il sera lui-même vendu comme esclave pour compenser ce qu’il a volé.
3 S’il a volé un animal – bovin, âne ou mouton – et qu’on le retrouve vivant en sa possession, il rendra deux animaux en compensation.
4 Si quelqu’un fait brouter ses bêtes dans le champ ou le vignoble d’autrui, il indemnisera le propriétaire lésé en lui donnant le meilleur produit de son propre champ et de son vignoble.
5 Si quelqu’un allume un feu et que celui-ci, rencontrant des buissons d’épines[a], se propage et brûle les gerbes du voisin, ou son blé sur pied, ou bien son blé en herbe, l’auteur de l’incendie sera tenu de donner compensation pour ce qui aura été brûlé.
6 Si un homme confie à la garde d’autrui de l’argent ou des objets de valeur et qu’ils soient volés dans la maison de celui qui en avait accepté la garde, si le voleur est retrouvé, il restituera le double de ce qu’il a volé. 7 S’il ne l’est pas, le maître de la maison comparaîtra devant Dieu pour savoir s’il ne s’est pas emparé du bien de son prochain. 8 Dans toute affaire frauduleuse, qu’il s’agisse d’un bovin, d’un âne, d’un mouton, d’un vêtement ou de n’importe quel objet perdu dont deux personnes revendiqueront la propriété, les deux parties porteront leur litige devant Dieu ; celui que Dieu déclarera coupable restituera le double à l’autre. 9 Si un homme confie en garde à son prochain un âne, un bovin, un mouton ou tout autre animal, et que celui-ci meurt, se casse une patte ou se fait capturer par des voleurs sans qu’il y ait de témoin, 10 un serment prêté au nom de l’Eternel départagera les deux parties. Celui qui avait la garde de l’animal jurera qu’il ne s’est pas emparé du bien de l’autre, et le propriétaire de la bête acceptera ce serment sans qu’aucune indemnité ne lui soit versée. 11 Mais si l’animal lui a été volé chez lui, il dédommagera le propriétaire. 12 Si l’animal a été déchiré par une bête féroce, ses restes seront produits comme pièce à conviction et il ne sera pas nécessaire de payer d’indemnité pour la bête déchirée.
13 Si quelqu’un emprunte une bête et qu’elle se casse une patte ou meurt en l’absence de son propriétaire, l’emprunteur sera tenu d’indemniser ce dernier. 14 Si, par contre, son propriétaire était présent au moment de l’accident, il n’y aura pas lieu de l’indemniser. Si la bête a été louée, ce dommage est couvert par le prix de la location.
15 Si un homme séduit une jeune fille non encore fiancée et couche avec elle, il devra payer sa dot et la prendre pour femme[b]. 16 Si le père refuse absolument de la lui accorder, il paiera en argent la dot habituelle des jeunes filles vierges[c].
Des crimes passibles de la peine de mort
17 Tu ne laisseras pas vivre de magicienne[d].
18 Quiconque s’accouple à une bête sera puni de mort[e].
19 Celui qui offrira des sacrifices à d’autres dieux qu’à l’Eternel devra être exécuté[f].
La loi sur la protection des défavorisés
20 Tu n’exploiteras pas l’étranger qui vit dans ton pays et tu ne l’opprimeras pas, car vous avez été vous-mêmes étrangers en Egypte. 21 Vous n’opprimerez pas la veuve ni l’orphelin[g]. 22 Si vous les opprimez et qu’ils fassent monter leur plainte vers moi, je ne manquerai pas d’écouter leur cri, 23 je me mettrai en colère contre vous et je vous ferai périr par la guerre, de sorte que vos femmes deviendront veuves et vos fils orphelins.
24 Si tu prêtes de l’argent à un membre de mon peuple, à un pauvre qui est avec toi, tu n’agiras pas envers lui comme un usurier, tu n’en exigeras pas d’intérêts[h].
25 Si tu prends en gage le manteau de ton prochain, tu le lui rendras avant le coucher du soleil[i], 26 car c’est là sa seule couverture ; autrement, dans quoi s’envelopperait-il pour dormir ? S’il crie vers moi, je l’écouterai, car je suis compatissant.
La loi sur ce qui est dû à Dieu
27 Tu n’insulteras pas Dieu[j] et tu ne maudiras pas celui qui gouverne ton peuple[k].
28 Tu ne différeras pas l’offrande des prémices de ta moisson et de ta vendange.
Tu me donneras le premier-né de tes fils, 29 tu m’offriras également le premier-né de tes bovins, de tes moutons et de tes chèvres ; ils resteront sept jours avec leur mère, et le huitième jour tu me les offriras.
30 Vous serez pour moi des hommes saints : vous ne mangerez donc pas la viande d’un animal déchiré par des bêtes sauvages, vous le jetterez aux chiens[l].
Footnotes
- 22.5 Les haies d’épines étaient souvent utilisées comme clôtures (voir Mi 7.4).
- 22.15 La dot devait être payée par le gendre ou son père au père de la jeune fille (comparer Dt 22.28-29).
- 22.16 Voir Dt 22.28-29.
- 22.17 Voir Lv 19.26, 31 ; Dt 18.10-11.
- 22.18 Voir Lv 18.23 ; 20.15-16 ; Dt 27.21.
- 22.19 Voir Dt 17.2-5.
- 22.21 Voir 23.9 ; Dt 24.17-18 ; 27.19.
- 22.24 Voir Lv 25.36-37 ; Dt 15.7-11 ; 23.20-21.
- 22.25 Pour les v. 25-26, voir Dt 24.10-13.
- 22.27 Autre traduction : tu ne manqueras pas de respect pour Dieu, ce qui suit explicitant ce que représente le respect ou le manque de respect pour Dieu.
- 22.27 Cité en Ac 23.5.
- 22.30 Voir Lv 17.15 ; Dt 14.21.
Exodus 22
New International Version
Exodus 22
New International Version
Protection of Property
22 [a]“Whoever steals an ox or a sheep and slaughters it or sells it must pay back(A) five head of cattle for the ox and four sheep for the sheep.
2 “If a thief is caught breaking in(B) at night and is struck a fatal blow, the defender is not guilty of bloodshed;(C) 3 but if it happens after sunrise, the defender is guilty of bloodshed.
“Anyone who steals must certainly make restitution,(D) but if they have nothing, they must be sold(E) to pay for their theft. 4 If the stolen animal is found alive in their possession(F)—whether ox or donkey or sheep—they must pay back double.(G)
5 “If anyone grazes their livestock in a field or vineyard and lets them stray and they graze in someone else’s field, the offender must make restitution(H) from the best of their own field or vineyard.
6 “If a fire breaks out and spreads into thornbushes so that it burns shocks(I) of grain or standing grain or the whole field, the one who started the fire must make restitution.(J)
7 “If anyone gives a neighbor silver or goods for safekeeping(K) and they are stolen from the neighbor’s house, the thief, if caught, must pay back double.(L) 8 But if the thief is not found, the owner of the house must appear before the judges,(M) and they must[b] determine whether the owner of the house has laid hands on the other person’s property. 9 In all cases of illegal possession of an ox, a donkey, a sheep, a garment, or any other lost property about which somebody says, ‘This is mine,’ both parties are to bring their cases before the judges.[c](N) The one whom the judges declare[d] guilty must pay back double to the other.
10 “If anyone gives a donkey, an ox, a sheep or any other animal to their neighbor for safekeeping(O) and it dies or is injured or is taken away while no one is looking, 11 the issue between them will be settled by the taking of an oath(P) before the Lord that the neighbor did not lay hands on the other person’s property. The owner is to accept this, and no restitution is required. 12 But if the animal was stolen from the neighbor, restitution(Q) must be made to the owner. 13 If it was torn to pieces by a wild animal, the neighbor shall bring in the remains as evidence and shall not be required to pay for the torn animal.(R)
14 “If anyone borrows an animal from their neighbor and it is injured or dies while the owner is not present, they must make restitution.(S) 15 But if the owner is with the animal, the borrower will not have to pay. If the animal was hired, the money paid for the hire covers the loss.(T)
Social Responsibility
16 “If a man seduces a virgin(U) who is not pledged to be married and sleeps with her, he must pay the bride-price,(V) and she shall be his wife. 17 If her father absolutely refuses to give her to him, he must still pay the bride-price for virgins.
18 “Do not allow a sorceress(W) to live.
19 “Anyone who has sexual relations with an animal(X) is to be put to death.
20 “Whoever sacrifices to any god(Y) other than the Lord must be destroyed.[e](Z)
21 “Do not mistreat or oppress a foreigner,(AA) for you were foreigners(AB) in Egypt.
22 “Do not take advantage of the widow or the fatherless.(AC) 23 If you do and they cry out(AD) to me, I will certainly hear their cry.(AE) 24 My anger will be aroused, and I will kill you with the sword; your wives will become widows and your children fatherless.(AF)
25 “If you lend money to one of my people among you who is needy, do not treat it like a business deal; charge no interest.(AG) 26 If you take your neighbor’s cloak as a pledge,(AH) return it by sunset, 27 because that cloak is the only covering your neighbor has. What else can they sleep in?(AI) When they cry out to me, I will hear, for I am compassionate.(AJ)
28 “Do not blaspheme God[f](AK) or curse(AL) the ruler of your people.(AM)
29 “Do not hold back offerings(AN) from your granaries or your vats.[g]
“You must give me the firstborn of your sons.(AO) 30 Do the same with your cattle and your sheep.(AP) Let them stay with their mothers for seven days, but give them to me on the eighth day.(AQ)
31 “You are to be my holy people.(AR) So do not eat the meat of an animal torn by wild beasts;(AS) throw it to the dogs.
Footnotes
- Exodus 22:1 In Hebrew texts 22:1 is numbered 21:37, and 22:2-31 is numbered 22:1-30.
- Exodus 22:8 Or before God, and he will
- Exodus 22:9 Or before God
- Exodus 22:9 Or whom God declares
- Exodus 22:20 The Hebrew term refers to the irrevocable giving over of things or persons to the Lord, often by totally destroying them.
- Exodus 22:28 Or Do not revile the judges
- Exodus 22:29 The meaning of the Hebrew for this phrase is uncertain.
Exodus 22
EasyEnglish Bible
Exodus 22
EasyEnglish Bible
Rules about things that belong to people
22 Perhaps someone may take another person's cow or sheep for himself. He may kill it or he may sell it. As punishment, he must pay the owner five cows for each cow that he has taken. He must pay four sheep for each sheep that he has taken.
2 Perhaps someone may catch a robber as he goes into another person's house. The owner of the house might knock down the robber so that he dies. If this happens at night, the owner of the house is not guilty of murder. 3 But if the owner of the house kills the robber after sunrise, he is guilty of murder.
Anyone who takes something that belongs to someone else must pay back the owner. If he cannot pay for everything that he has taken, he must become a slave. The owner will receive the money that someone has paid for the slave.
4 You may find an animal that someone has taken for himself. If the animal is still alive, the person who took it must pay back to the owner twice its value. He must do this, whether it was a cow, a donkey, or a sheep.
5 A man's animals might go into someone else's field or vineyard to eat what is growing there. Then the owner of those animals must pay back the value of what they have eaten. He must give his best grain and his best grapes to pay back the other man.
6 Someone might light a fire in his field to burn thorn bushes. But the fire might grow and it might burn the crops in another farmer's field. It may destroy the crops that are growing there or the grain that is ready for harvest. It might even destroy the whole field. Then the person who lit the fire must pay the farmer for the crops that the fire has destroyed.
7 Perhaps you may give some of your money or your valuable things to your neighbour. You may ask your neighbour to keep them safe for you. But a robber might take those things from your neighbour's house. If you catch the robber, he must pay back twice the value of the things that he took. 8 But if you do not find the robber, you must take your neighbour to stand in front of the judges.[a] They must decide if your neighbour has taken your things for himself.
9 Perhaps two people both say that something belongs to them. They may argue about a cow, a donkey, a sheep, some clothes or anything else that they have lost. Then both of them must go to stand in front of the judges. The judges will decide which of them is guilty. The guilty person must pay back twice the value of the thing to the other person.
10 Perhaps you may ask your neighbour to keep one of your animals safe for you. It may be a donkey, a cow, a sheep or any other animal that belongs to you. Then the animal may die, or something may hurt it. Or perhaps a robber takes it for himself. If nobody has seen what really happened, you must do this: 11 Your neighbour must make a serious promise to the Lord. He must promise that he did not take your animal for himself, or hurt it. Then you must accept what he has said. Do not ask your neighbour to pay you any money. 12 But if a robber did take the animal from your neighbour, then your neighbour must pay you for it. 13 But perhaps a wild animal attacked it. Then your neighbour must show the pieces of your animal that are left. Then he will not have to pay you for the loss of your animal.
14 Your neighbour might lend one of his animals to you to do some work. Something bad might happen to the animal while its owner is not with it. It might die, or something might hurt it. Then you must pay your neighbour for the loss of the animal. 15 But if the owner is with his animal when something bad happens to it, you do not have to pay anything. And if you already paid your neighbour some money to use his animal, that will be enough to pay him for the loss.
Rules about life
16 Perhaps a man may meet a young girl who has not had sex with any man before. He might deceive her to have sex with her. If she has not yet promised to marry another man, he must marry her. He must give the right gifts to her parents. 17 Her father might refuse to give her to the man to be his wife. But the man must still give the right gifts for a girl who is not married.[b]
18 You must punish with death any woman who is a magician.
19 You must punish with death anyone who has sex with an animal.
20 You must completely destroy anyone who offers a sacrifice to a false god. You must only offer sacrifices to the Lord.
21 Never be cruel to a foreign person or give them trouble. Remember that you yourselves lived in Egypt as foreigners.
22 Never give trouble to any widow or to any children who have no family. 23 If you are cruel to them, I will hear them when they call out to me for help. 24 I will be very angry with you. I will kill you in war. Your wives will become widows. Your children will no longer have any family.
25 You may lend money to any of my people who need help. But do not ask them to pay back more money than you have lent to them. That is what traders in money do. 26 You may take someone's coat as a guarantee that he will pay you back. But you must always return his coat to him before sunset. 27 He needs his coat to keep him warm at night. It is the only warm thing that he has to sleep in. If you keep his coat, I will hear him when he calls out to me for help. And I will help him, because I am very kind to people.
28 Never insult God. Never curse anyone who is a leader of your people.
29 Do not refuse to offer your grain, your wine or your olive oil to me.
You must give your firstborn sons to me.
30 Do the same thing with your cows and your sheep. Let them stay with their mothers for seven days. But on the eighth day, you must give them to me.
31 You must live as my special people. So do not eat any meat from your animals that wild animals have killed. Instead, you must give it as food to the dogs.
Exodus 22
King James Version
Exodus 22
King James Version
22 If a man shall steal an ox, or a sheep, and kill it, or sell it; he shall restore five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep.
2 If a thief be found breaking up, and be smitten that he die, there shall no blood be shed for him.
3 If the sun be risen upon him, there shall be blood shed for him; for he should make full restitution; if he have nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.
4 If the theft be certainly found in his hand alive, whether it be ox, or ass, or sheep; he shall restore double.
5 If a man shall cause a field or vineyard to be eaten, and shall put in his beast, and shall feed in another man's field; of the best of his own field, and of the best of his own vineyard, shall he make restitution.
6 If fire break out, and catch in thorns, so that the stacks of corn, or the standing corn, or the field, be consumed therewith; he that kindled the fire shall surely make restitution.
7 If a man shall deliver unto his neighbour money or stuff to keep, and it be stolen out of the man's house; if the thief be found, let him pay double.
8 If the thief be not found, then the master of the house shall be brought unto the judges, to see whether he have put his hand unto his neighbour's goods.
9 For all manner of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, or for any manner of lost thing which another challengeth to be his, the cause of both parties shall come before the judges; and whom the judges shall condemn, he shall pay double unto his neighbour.
10 If a man deliver unto his neighbour an ass, or an ox, or a sheep, or any beast, to keep; and it die, or be hurt, or driven away, no man seeing it:
11 Then shall an oath of the Lord be between them both, that he hath not put his hand unto his neighbour's goods; and the owner of it shall accept thereof, and he shall not make it good.
12 And if it be stolen from him, he shall make restitution unto the owner thereof.
13 If it be torn in pieces, then let him bring it for witness, and he shall not make good that which was torn.
14 And if a man borrow ought of his neighbour, and it be hurt, or die, the owner thereof being not with it, he shall surely make it good.
15 But if the owner thereof be with it, he shall not make it good: if it be an hired thing, it came for his hire.
16 And if a man entice a maid that is not betrothed, and lie with her, he shall surely endow her to be his wife.
17 If her father utterly refuse to give her unto him, he shall pay money according to the dowry of virgins.
18 Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live.
19 Whosoever lieth with a beast shall surely be put to death.
20 He that sacrificeth unto any god, save unto the Lord only, he shall be utterly destroyed.
21 Thou shalt neither vex a stranger, nor oppress him: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.
22 Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child.
23 If thou afflict them in any wise, and they cry at all unto me, I will surely hear their cry;
24 And my wrath shall wax hot, and I will kill you with the sword; and your wives shall be widows, and your children fatherless.
25 If thou lend money to any of my people that is poor by thee, thou shalt not be to him as an usurer, neither shalt thou lay upon him usury.
26 If thou at all take thy neighbour's raiment to pledge, thou shalt deliver it unto him by that the sun goeth down:
27 For that is his covering only, it is his raiment for his skin: wherein shall he sleep? and it shall come to pass, when he crieth unto me, that I will hear; for I am gracious.
28 Thou shalt not revile the gods, nor curse the ruler of thy people.
29 Thou shalt not delay to offer the first of thy ripe fruits, and of thy liquors: the firstborn of thy sons shalt thou give unto me.
30 Likewise shalt thou do with thine oxen, and with thy sheep: seven days it shall be with his dam; on the eighth day thou shalt give it me.
31 And ye shall be holy men unto me: neither shall ye eat any flesh that is torn of beasts in the field; ye shall cast it to the dogs.
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