Exode 22
La Bible du Semeur
22 Si l’on surprend un voleur en train de pénétrer dans une maison par effraction et qu’on lui assène un coup mortel, celui qui l’aura frappé ne sera pas coupable de meurtre. 2 Par contre, si cela se passe en plein jour, celui qui l’aura frappé sera coupable de meurtre. Tout voleur devra verser une indemnité. S’il ne possède rien, il sera lui-même vendu comme esclave pour compenser ce qu’il a volé.
3 S’il a volé un animal – bovin, âne ou mouton – et qu’on le retrouve vivant en sa possession, il rendra deux animaux en compensation.
4 Si quelqu’un fait brouter ses bêtes dans le champ ou le vignoble d’autrui, il indemnisera le propriétaire lésé en lui donnant le meilleur produit de son propre champ et de son vignoble.
5 Si quelqu’un allume un feu et que celui-ci, rencontrant des buissons d’épines[a], se propage et brûle les gerbes du voisin, ou son blé sur pied, ou bien son blé en herbe, l’auteur de l’incendie sera tenu de donner compensation pour ce qui aura été brûlé.
6 Si un homme confie à la garde d’autrui de l’argent ou des objets de valeur et qu’ils soient volés dans la maison de celui qui en avait accepté la garde, si le voleur est retrouvé, il restituera le double de ce qu’il a volé. 7 S’il ne l’est pas, le maître de la maison comparaîtra devant Dieu pour savoir s’il ne s’est pas emparé du bien de son prochain. 8 Dans toute affaire frauduleuse, qu’il s’agisse d’un bovin, d’un âne, d’un mouton, d’un vêtement ou de n’importe quel objet perdu dont deux personnes revendiqueront la propriété, les deux parties porteront leur litige devant Dieu ; celui que Dieu déclarera coupable restituera le double à l’autre. 9 Si un homme confie en garde à son prochain un âne, un bovin, un mouton ou tout autre animal, et que celui-ci meurt, se casse une patte ou se fait capturer par des voleurs sans qu’il y ait de témoin, 10 un serment prêté au nom de l’Eternel départagera les deux parties. Celui qui avait la garde de l’animal jurera qu’il ne s’est pas emparé du bien de l’autre, et le propriétaire de la bête acceptera ce serment sans qu’aucune indemnité ne lui soit versée. 11 Mais si l’animal lui a été volé chez lui, il dédommagera le propriétaire. 12 Si l’animal a été déchiré par une bête féroce, ses restes seront produits comme pièce à conviction et il ne sera pas nécessaire de payer d’indemnité pour la bête déchirée.
13 Si quelqu’un emprunte une bête et qu’elle se casse une patte ou meurt en l’absence de son propriétaire, l’emprunteur sera tenu d’indemniser ce dernier. 14 Si, par contre, son propriétaire était présent au moment de l’accident, il n’y aura pas lieu de l’indemniser. Si la bête a été louée, ce dommage est couvert par le prix de la location.
15 Si un homme séduit une jeune fille non encore fiancée et couche avec elle, il devra payer sa dot et la prendre pour femme[b]. 16 Si le père refuse absolument de la lui accorder, il paiera en argent la dot habituelle des jeunes filles vierges[c].
Des crimes passibles de la peine de mort
17 Tu ne laisseras pas vivre de magicienne[d].
18 Quiconque s’accouple à une bête sera puni de mort[e].
19 Celui qui offrira des sacrifices à d’autres dieux qu’à l’Eternel devra être exécuté[f].
La loi sur la protection des défavorisés
20 Tu n’exploiteras pas l’étranger qui vit dans ton pays et tu ne l’opprimeras pas, car vous avez été vous-mêmes étrangers en Egypte. 21 Vous n’opprimerez pas la veuve ni l’orphelin[g]. 22 Si vous les opprimez et qu’ils fassent monter leur plainte vers moi, je ne manquerai pas d’écouter leur cri, 23 je me mettrai en colère contre vous et je vous ferai périr par la guerre, de sorte que vos femmes deviendront veuves et vos fils orphelins.
24 Si tu prêtes de l’argent à un membre de mon peuple, à un pauvre qui est avec toi, tu n’agiras pas envers lui comme un usurier, tu n’en exigeras pas d’intérêts[h].
25 Si tu prends en gage le manteau de ton prochain, tu le lui rendras avant le coucher du soleil[i], 26 car c’est là sa seule couverture ; autrement, dans quoi s’envelopperait-il pour dormir ? S’il crie vers moi, je l’écouterai, car je suis compatissant.
La loi sur ce qui est dû à Dieu
27 Tu n’insulteras pas Dieu[j] et tu ne maudiras pas celui qui gouverne ton peuple[k].
28 Tu ne différeras pas l’offrande des prémices de ta moisson et de ta vendange.
Tu me donneras le premier-né de tes fils, 29 tu m’offriras également le premier-né de tes bovins, de tes moutons et de tes chèvres ; ils resteront sept jours avec leur mère, et le huitième jour tu me les offriras.
30 Vous serez pour moi des hommes saints : vous ne mangerez donc pas la viande d’un animal déchiré par des bêtes sauvages, vous le jetterez aux chiens[l].
Footnotes
- 22.5 Les haies d’épines étaient souvent utilisées comme clôtures (voir Mi 7.4).
- 22.15 La dot devait être payée par le gendre ou son père au père de la jeune fille (comparer Dt 22.28-29).
- 22.16 Voir Dt 22.28-29.
- 22.17 Voir Lv 19.26, 31 ; Dt 18.10-11.
- 22.18 Voir Lv 18.23 ; 20.15-16 ; Dt 27.21.
- 22.19 Voir Dt 17.2-5.
- 22.21 Voir 23.9 ; Dt 24.17-18 ; 27.19.
- 22.24 Voir Lv 25.36-37 ; Dt 15.7-11 ; 23.20-21.
- 22.25 Pour les v. 25-26, voir Dt 24.10-13.
- 22.27 Autre traduction : tu ne manqueras pas de respect pour Dieu, ce qui suit explicitant ce que représente le respect ou le manque de respect pour Dieu.
- 22.27 Cité en Ac 23.5.
- 22.30 Voir Lv 17.15 ; Dt 14.21.
Exodus 22
EasyEnglish Bible
Rules about things that belong to people
22 Perhaps someone may take another person's cow or sheep for himself. He may kill it or he may sell it. As punishment, he must pay the owner five cows for each cow that he has taken. He must pay four sheep for each sheep that he has taken.
2 Perhaps someone may catch a robber as he goes into another person's house. The owner of the house might knock down the robber so that he dies. If this happens at night, the owner of the house is not guilty of murder. 3 But if the owner of the house kills the robber after sunrise, he is guilty of murder.
Anyone who takes something that belongs to someone else must pay back the owner. If he cannot pay for everything that he has taken, he must become a slave. The owner will receive the money that someone has paid for the slave.
4 You may find an animal that someone has taken for himself. If the animal is still alive, the person who took it must pay back to the owner twice its value. He must do this, whether it was a cow, a donkey, or a sheep.
5 A man's animals might go into someone else's field or vineyard to eat what is growing there. Then the owner of those animals must pay back the value of what they have eaten. He must give his best grain and his best grapes to pay back the other man.
6 Someone might light a fire in his field to burn thorn bushes. But the fire might grow and it might burn the crops in another farmer's field. It may destroy the crops that are growing there or the grain that is ready for harvest. It might even destroy the whole field. Then the person who lit the fire must pay the farmer for the crops that the fire has destroyed.
7 Perhaps you may give some of your money or your valuable things to your neighbour. You may ask your neighbour to keep them safe for you. But a robber might take those things from your neighbour's house. If you catch the robber, he must pay back twice the value of the things that he took. 8 But if you do not find the robber, you must take your neighbour to stand in front of the judges.[a] They must decide if your neighbour has taken your things for himself.
9 Perhaps two people both say that something belongs to them. They may argue about a cow, a donkey, a sheep, some clothes or anything else that they have lost. Then both of them must go to stand in front of the judges. The judges will decide which of them is guilty. The guilty person must pay back twice the value of the thing to the other person.
10 Perhaps you may ask your neighbour to keep one of your animals safe for you. It may be a donkey, a cow, a sheep or any other animal that belongs to you. Then the animal may die, or something may hurt it. Or perhaps a robber takes it for himself. If nobody has seen what really happened, you must do this: 11 Your neighbour must make a serious promise to the Lord. He must promise that he did not take your animal for himself, or hurt it. Then you must accept what he has said. Do not ask your neighbour to pay you any money. 12 But if a robber did take the animal from your neighbour, then your neighbour must pay you for it. 13 But perhaps a wild animal attacked it. Then your neighbour must show the pieces of your animal that are left. Then he will not have to pay you for the loss of your animal.
14 Your neighbour might lend one of his animals to you to do some work. Something bad might happen to the animal while its owner is not with it. It might die, or something might hurt it. Then you must pay your neighbour for the loss of the animal. 15 But if the owner is with his animal when something bad happens to it, you do not have to pay anything. And if you already paid your neighbour some money to use his animal, that will be enough to pay him for the loss.
Rules about life
16 Perhaps a man may meet a young girl who has not had sex with any man before. He might deceive her to have sex with her. If she has not yet promised to marry another man, he must marry her. He must give the right gifts to her parents. 17 Her father might refuse to give her to the man to be his wife. But the man must still give the right gifts for a girl who is not married.[b]
18 You must punish with death any woman who is a magician.
19 You must punish with death anyone who has sex with an animal.
20 You must completely destroy anyone who offers a sacrifice to a false god. You must only offer sacrifices to the Lord.
21 Never be cruel to a foreign person or give them trouble. Remember that you yourselves lived in Egypt as foreigners.
22 Never give trouble to any widow or to any children who have no family. 23 If you are cruel to them, I will hear them when they call out to me for help. 24 I will be very angry with you. I will kill you in war. Your wives will become widows. Your children will no longer have any family.
25 You may lend money to any of my people who need help. But do not ask them to pay back more money than you have lent to them. That is what traders in money do. 26 You may take someone's coat as a guarantee that he will pay you back. But you must always return his coat to him before sunset. 27 He needs his coat to keep him warm at night. It is the only warm thing that he has to sleep in. If you keep his coat, I will hear him when he calls out to me for help. And I will help him, because I am very kind to people.
28 Never insult God. Never curse anyone who is a leader of your people.
29 Do not refuse to offer your grain, your wine or your olive oil to me.
You must give your firstborn sons to me.
30 Do the same thing with your cows and your sheep. Let them stay with their mothers for seven days. But on the eighth day, you must give them to me.
31 You must live as my special people. So do not eat any meat from your animals that wild animals have killed. Instead, you must give it as food to the dogs.
Exodus 22
New King James Version
Responsibility for Property
22 “If a man steals an ox or a sheep, and slaughters it or sells it, he shall (A)restore five oxen for an ox and four sheep for a sheep. 2 If the thief is found (B)breaking in, and he is struck so that he dies, there shall be (C)no guilt for his bloodshed. 3 If the sun has risen on him, there shall be guilt for his bloodshed. He should make full restitution; if he has nothing, then he shall be (D)sold[a] for his theft. 4 If the theft is certainly (E)found alive in his hand, whether it is an ox or donkey or sheep, he shall (F)restore double.
5 “If a man causes a field or vineyard to be grazed, and lets loose his animal, and it feeds in another man’s field, he shall make restitution from the best of his own field and the best of his own vineyard.
6 “If fire breaks out and catches in thorns, so that stacked grain, standing grain, or the field is consumed, he who kindled the fire shall surely make restitution.
7 “If a man (G)delivers to his neighbor money or articles to keep, and it is stolen out of the man’s house, (H)if the thief is found, he shall pay double. 8 If the thief is not found, then the master of the house shall be brought to the (I)judges to see whether he has put his hand into his neighbor’s goods.
9 “For any kind of trespass, whether it concerns an ox, a donkey, a sheep, or clothing, or for any kind of lost thing which another claims to be his, the (J)cause of both parties shall come before the judges; and whomever the judges condemn shall pay double to his neighbor. 10 If a man delivers to his neighbor a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any animal to keep, and it dies, is hurt, or driven away, no one seeing it, 11 then an (K)oath of the Lord shall be between them both, that he has not put his hand into his neighbor’s goods; and the owner of it shall accept that, and he shall not make it good. 12 But (L)if, in fact, it is stolen from him, he shall make restitution to the owner of it. 13 If it is (M)torn to pieces by a beast, then he shall bring it as evidence, and he shall not make good what was torn.
14 “And if a man borrows anything from his neighbor, and it becomes injured or dies, the owner of it not being with it, he shall surely make it good. 15 If its owner was with it, he shall not make it good; if it was hired, it came for its hire.
Moral and Ceremonial Principles
16 (N)“If a man entices a virgin who is not betrothed, and lies with her, he shall surely pay the bride-price for her to be his wife. 17 If her father utterly refuses to give her to him, he shall pay money according to the (O)bride-price of virgins.
18 (P)“You shall not permit a sorceress to live.
19 (Q)“Whoever lies with an animal shall surely be put to death.
20 (R)“He who sacrifices to any god, except to the Lord only, he shall be utterly destroyed.
21 (S)“You shall neither mistreat a [b]stranger nor oppress him, for you were strangers in the land of Egypt.
22 (T)“You shall not afflict any widow or fatherless child. 23 If you afflict them in any way, and they (U)cry at all to Me, I will surely (V)hear their cry; 24 and My (W)wrath will become hot, and I will kill you with the sword; (X)your wives shall be widows, and your children fatherless.
25 (Y)“If you lend money to any of My people who are poor among you, you shall not be like a moneylender to him; you shall not charge him (Z)interest. 26 (AA)If you ever take your neighbor’s garment as a pledge, you shall return it to him before the sun goes down. 27 For that is his only covering, it is his garment for his skin. What will he sleep in? And it will be that when he cries to Me, I will hear, for I am (AB)gracious.
28 (AC)“You shall not revile God, nor curse a (AD)ruler of your people.
29 “You shall not delay to offer (AE)the first of your ripe produce and your juices. (AF)The firstborn of your sons you shall give to Me. 30 (AG)Likewise you shall do with your oxen and your sheep. It shall be with its mother (AH)seven days; on the eighth day you shall give it to Me.
31 “And you shall be (AI)holy men to Me: (AJ)you shall not eat meat torn by beasts in the field; you shall throw it to the dogs.
Footnotes
- Exodus 22:3 Sold as a slave
- Exodus 22:21 sojourner
La Bible Du Semeur (The Bible of the Sower) Copyright © 1992, 1999 by Biblica, Inc.®
Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.
EasyEnglish Bible Copyright © MissionAssist 2019 - Charitable Incorporated Organisation 1162807. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Scripture taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
