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Mordecai Promoted

On that day King Ahasuerus (Xerxes) gave the [a]house of Haman, the enemy of the Jews, to Queen Esther; and Mordecai came before the king, because Esther had disclosed what [[b]relation] he was to her. The king took off his signet ring which he had taken away from Haman, and gave it to Mordecai. And Esther put Mordecai in charge of the house of Haman.

Then Esther spoke again to the king and fell down at his feet and wept and implored him to avert the evil plot of Haman the Agagite and his plan which he had devised against the Jews [because the decree to annihilate the Jews was still in effect]. Then the king held out to Esther the golden scepter. So Esther arose and stood before the king. Then she said, “If it pleases the king and if I have found favor before him and the matter is proper in the king’s view and I am pleasing in his sight, let it be written to revoke the letters devised by Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, which he wrote [in order] to destroy the Jews who are in all the king’s provinces. For how can I endure to see the tragedy that will happen to my people? Or how can I endure to see the destruction of my kindred?” Then King Ahasuerus said to Queen Esther and to Mordecai the Jew, “Behold, I have given Esther the house of Haman, and they have hanged him on the gallows because he stretched out his hand against the Jews.

The King’s Decree Avenges the Jews

Also, concerning the Jews, write as you see fit, in the king’s name, and seal it with the king’s signet ring—for a decree which is written in the king’s name and sealed with the king’s signet ring may not be revoked.”

So the king’s scribes were called at that time in the third month (that is, the month of Sivan) on the twenty-third day; and it was written in accordance with everything that Mordecai commanded, to the Jews, to the chief rulers (satraps), and the governors and officials of the provinces which extended from India to Ethiopia (Cush), 127 provinces, to every province in its own script (writing), and to every people in their own language and to the Jews according to their script and their language. 10 He wrote [a decree] in the name of King Ahasuerus, and sealed it with the king’s ring, and sent letters by couriers on horseback, riding on the royal [mail] relay horses, the offspring of the racing mares. 11 In it the king granted the Jews who were in every city the right to assemble and to defend their lives; to destroy, to kill, and to annihilate any armed force that might attack them, their little children, and women; and to take the enemies’ goods as plunder, 12 on one day in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, the thirteenth [day] of the twelfth month (that is, the month of Adar). 13 A copy of the edict was to be issued as a law in every province and as a proclamation to all peoples, so that the Jews would be ready on that day, to avenge themselves on their enemies. 14 So the couriers, who were mounted on the royal relay horses, left quickly, urged on by the king’s command; and the decree was issued at the citadel in Susa [the capital].

15 Then Mordecai departed from the presence of the king in royal apparel of blue and white, with a large crown of gold and with a robe of fine linen and purple wool; and the city of Susa shouted and rejoiced. 16 For [at this time] the Jews had light [a dawn of new hope] and gladness and joy and honor. 17 In each and every province and in each and every city, wherever the king’s command and his decree arrived, the Jews celebrated with gladness and joy, a feast and a holiday. And many among the peoples of the land [c]became Jews, for the fear of the Jews [and their God] had fallen on them.

Footnotes

  1. Esther 8:1 I.e. all the property and possessions of Haman.
  2. Esther 8:1 Mordecai was her cousin and guardian (2:7).
  3. Esther 8:17 Or embraced Judaism.

Esther Saves the Jews

On that day King Ahasuerus gave to Queen Esther the house of Haman, the enemy of the Jews, and Mordecai came before the king, for Esther had told what he was to her.(A) Then the king took off his signet ring, which he had taken from Haman, and gave it to Mordecai. So Esther set Mordecai over the house of Haman.(B)

Then Esther spoke again to the king; she fell at his feet, weeping and pleading with him to avert the evil design of Haman the Agagite and the plot that he had devised against the Jews. The king held out the golden scepter to Esther, and Esther rose and stood before the king.(C) She said, “If it pleases the king, and if I have won his favor, and if the thing seems right before the king, and I have his approval, let an order be written to revoke the letters devised by Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite, which he wrote giving orders to destroy the Jews who are in all the provinces of the king.(D) For how can I bear to see the calamity that is coming on my people? Or how can I bear to see the destruction of my kindred?”(E) Then King Ahasuerus said to Queen Esther and to Mordecai the Jew, “See, I have given Esther the house of Haman, and they have hung him on the pole because he plotted to kill[a] the Jews.(F) You may write as you please with regard to the Jews, in the name of the king, and seal it with the king’s ring, for an edict written in the name of the king and sealed with the king’s ring cannot be revoked.”(G)

The king’s secretaries were summoned at that time, in the third month, which is the month of Sivan, on the twenty-third day, and an edict was written, according to all that Mordecai commanded, to the Jews and to the satraps and the governors and the officials of the provinces from India to Cush, one hundred twenty-seven provinces, to every province in its own script and to every people in its own language, and also to the Jews in their script and their language.(H) 10 He wrote letters in the name of King Ahasuerus, sealed them with the king’s ring, and sent them by mounted couriers riding on fast steeds bred from the royal herd.[b](I) 11 By these letters the king allowed the Jews who were in every city to assemble and defend their lives, to destroy, to kill, and to annihilate any armed force of any people or province that might attack them, their children, and their women, and to plunder their goods(J) 12 on a single day throughout all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar. 13 A copy of the writ was to be issued as a decree in every province and published to all peoples, and the Jews were to be ready on that day to take revenge on their enemies.(K) 14 So the couriers, mounted on their royal steeds, hurried out, urged by the king’s command. The decree was issued in the citadel of Susa.

15 Then Mordecai went out from the presence of the king, wearing royal robes of blue and white, with a great golden crown and a mantle of fine linen and purple, while the city of Susa shouted and rejoiced.(L) 16 For the Jews there was light and gladness, joy and honor. 17 In every province and in every city, wherever the king’s command and his edict came, there was gladness and joy among the Jews, a festival and a holiday. Furthermore, many of the peoples of the country professed to be Jews because the fear of the Jews had fallen upon them.(M)

Footnotes

  1. 8.7 Heb to lay hands on
  2. 8.10 Meaning of Heb uncertain

Il favore reale passa ai Giudei

In quello stesso giorno il re Assuero diede alla regina Ester la casa di Amàn, nemico dei Giudei. Mardocheo si presentò al re, al quale Ester aveva dichiarato il rapporto di parentela che egli aveva con lei. Il re si tolse l'anello che aveva fatto ritirare ad Amàn e lo diede a Mardocheo. Ester affidò a Mardocheo l'amministrazione della casa che era stata di Amàn. Poi Ester parlò di nuovo alla presenza del re, gli si gettò ai piedi e lo supplicò con le lacrime agli occhi d'impedire gli effetti della malvagità di Amàn l'Agaghita e l'attuazione dei piani che aveva preparato contro i Giudei. Allora il re stese lo scettro d'oro verso Ester; Ester si alzò, rimase in piedi davanti al re e disse: «Se così piace al re, se io ho trovato grazia ai suoi occhi, se la cosa gli par giusta e se io gli sono gradita, si scriva per revocare i documenti scritti, macchinazione di Amàn figlio di Hammedàta, l'Agaghita, in cui si ordina di far perire i Giudei che sono in tutte le province del re. Perché come potrei io resistere al vedere la sventura che colpirebbe il mio popolo? Come potrei resistere al vedere la distruzione della mia stirpe?». Allora il re Assuero disse alla regina Ester e a Mardocheo, il Giudeo: «Ecco, ho dato a Ester la casa di Amàn e questi è stato impiccato al palo, perché aveva voluto stendere la mano sui Giudei. Scrivete dunque come vi parrà meglio, nel nome del re, e sigillate con l'anello reale, perché ciò che è scritto in nome del re e sigillato con l'anello reale è irrevocabile». Senza perdere tempo il ventitrè del terzo mese, cioè il mese di Sivan, furono convocati i segretari del re e fu scritto, seguendo in tutto l'ordine di Mardocheo, ai Giudei, ai satrapi, ai governatori e ai capi delle centoventisette province, dall'India all'Etiopia, a ogni provincia secondo il suo modo di scrivere, a ogni popolo nella sua lingua e ai Giudei secondo il loro modo di scrivere e nella loro lingua. 10 Fu dunque scritto in nome del re Assuero, si sigillarono i documenti con l'anello reale e si mandarono per mezzo di corrieri a cavallo, che cavalcavano corsieri reali, figli di cavalle di razza. 11 Con questi scritti il re dava facoltà ai Giudei, in qualunque città si trovassero, di radunarsi e di difendere la loro vita, di distruggere, uccidere, sterminare, compresi i bambini e le donne, tutta la gente armata, di qualunque popolo e di qualunque provincia, che li assalisse, e di saccheggiare i loro beni; 12 e ciò in un medesimo giorno in tutte le province del re Assuero: il tredici del decimosecondo mese, cioè il mese di Adàr.

Decreto di riabilitazione

12a Quanto segue è la copia della lettera relativa a queste cose:

12b «Il grande re Assuero ai governatori delle centoventisette satrapie dall'India all'Etiopia e a quelli che hanno a cuore i nostri interessi, salute.

12c Molti uomini, quanto più spesso vengono onorati dalla più larga generosità dei benefattori, tanto più s'inorgogliscono e non solo cercano di fare il male ai nostri sudditi, ma incapaci di frenare la loro superbia, tramano insidie anche contro i loro benefattori. 12d Non solo cancellano la riconoscenza dal cuore degli uomini, ma esaltati dallo strepito spavaldo di chi ignora il bene, si lusingano di sfuggire a Dio, che tutto vede, e alla sua giustizia che odia il male.

12e Spesso poi accadde a molti costituiti in autorità che, per aver affidato a certi amici la responsabilità degli affari pubblici e per aver subìto la loro influenza, divennero con essi responsabili del sangue innocente, con disgrazia senza rimedio; 12f perché i falsi ragionamenti di nature perverse avevano sviato l'incontaminata buona fede dei governanti.

12g Questo si può vedere non tanto nelle storie più antiche a cui abbiamo accennato, quanto piuttosto badando alle iniquità perpetrate da quella peste che sono coloro i quali senza merito esercitano il potere.

12h Provvederemo per l'avvenire ad assicurare a tutti gli uomini un regno indisturbato e pacifico, 12i operando cambiamenti opportuni e giudicando sempre con la più equa fermezza gli affari che ci vengono posti sotto gli occhi.

12k Così è il caso di Amàn figlio di Hammedàta, il Macedone, il quale estraneo, per la verità, al sangue persiano e ben lontano dalla nostra bontà, accolto come ospite presso di noi, 12l aveva tanto approfittato dell'amicizia che professiamo verso qualunque nazione, da essere proclamato nostro padre e da costituire la seconda personalità nel regno, venendo da tutti onorato con la prostrazione. 12m Ma non reggendo al peso della sua superbia, egli si adoperò per privare noi del potere e della vita 12n e con falsi e tortuosi argomenti richiese la pena di morte per il nostro salvatore e in ogni circostanza benefattore Mardocheo, per l'irreprensibile consorte del nostro regno Ester e per tutto il loro popolo. 12o Pensava infatti per questa via di sorprenderci nell'isolamento e di trasferire l'impero dei Persiani ai Macedoni.

12p Ora noi troviamo che questi Giudei, da quell'uomo tre volte scellerato destinati allo sterminio, non sono malfattori, ma si reggono con leggi giustissime, 12q sono figli del Dio altissimo, massimo, vivente, il quale in favore nostro e dei nostri antenati dirige il regno nella migliore floridezza. 12r Farete dunque bene a non tener conto delle lettere scritte mandate da Amàn, figlio di Hammedàta, perché costui, che ha perpetrato tali cose, è stato impiccato ad un palo con tutta la sua famiglia alle porte di Susa, giusto castigo datogli velocemente da Dio, signore di tutti gli eventi.

12s Esposta invece una copia della presente lettera in ogni luogo, permettete ai Giudei di valersi con tutta sicurezza delle loro leggi e prestate loro man forte per respingere coloro che volessero assalirli nel giorno della persecuzione, cioè il tredici del decimosecondo mese chiamato Adàr.

12t Infatti questo giorno, invece di segnare la rovina della stirpe eletta, Dio, signore di ogni cosa, lo ha loro cambiato in giorno di gioia.

12u Quanto a voi, Giudei, tra le vostre feste commemorative celebrate questo giorno insigne con ogni sorta di banchetti, perché, e ora e in avvenire, sia ricordo di salvezza per noi e per i Persiani benevoli, per quelli invece che ci insidiano sia ricordo della loro perdizione.

12v Ogni città e più generalmente ogni località che non agirà secondo queste disposizioni, sarà inesorabilmente messa a ferro e fuoco; non soltanto agli uomini sarà resa inaccessibile, ma anche alle fiere e agli uccelli resterà odiosissima per tutti i tempi».

13 Una copia dell'editto che doveva essere promulgato in ogni provincia, fu resa nota a tutti i popoli, perché i Giudei si tenessero pronti per quel giorno a vendicarsi dei loro nemici. 14 Così i corrieri sui cavalli reali partirono premurosi e stimolati dal comando del re, mentre il decreto veniva subito promulgato nella cittadella di Susa. 15 Mardocheo si allontanò dal re con una veste reale di porpora viola e di lino bianco, con una grande corona d'oro e un manto di bisso e di porpora rossa; la città di Susa gridava di gioia ed era in festa. 16 Per i Giudei vi era luce, letizia, esultanza, onore. 17 In ogni provincia, in ogni città, dovunque giungevano l'ordine del re e il suo decreto, vi era per i Giudei gioia ed esultanza, banchetti e feste. Molti appartenenti ai popoli del paese si fecero Giudei, perché il timore dei Giudei era piombato su di loro.

The King’s Edict in Behalf of the Jews

That same day King Xerxes gave Queen Esther the estate of Haman,(A) the enemy of the Jews. And Mordecai came into the presence of the king, for Esther had told how he was related to her. The king took off his signet ring,(B) which he had reclaimed from Haman, and presented it to Mordecai. And Esther appointed him over Haman’s estate.(C)

Esther again pleaded with the king, falling at his feet and weeping. She begged him to put an end to the evil plan of Haman the Agagite,(D) which he had devised against the Jews. Then the king extended the gold scepter(E) to Esther and she arose and stood before him.

“If it pleases the king,” she said, “and if he regards me with favor(F) and thinks it the right thing to do, and if he is pleased with me, let an order be written overruling the dispatches that Haman son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, devised and wrote to destroy the Jews in all the king’s provinces. For how can I bear to see disaster fall on my people? How can I bear to see the destruction of my family?”(G)

King Xerxes replied to Queen Esther and to Mordecai the Jew, “Because Haman attacked the Jews, I have given his estate to Esther, and they have impaled(H) him on the pole he set up. Now write another decree(I) in the king’s name in behalf of the Jews as seems best to you, and seal(J) it with the king’s signet ring(K)—for no document written in the king’s name and sealed with his ring can be revoked.”(L)

At once the royal secretaries were summoned—on the twenty-third day of the third month, the month of Sivan. They wrote out all Mordecai’s orders to the Jews, and to the satraps, governors and nobles of the 127 provinces stretching from India to Cush.[a](M) These orders were written in the script of each province and the language of each people and also to the Jews in their own script and language.(N) 10 Mordecai wrote in the name of King Xerxes, sealed the dispatches with the king’s signet ring, and sent them by mounted couriers, who rode fast horses especially bred for the king.

11 The king’s edict granted the Jews in every city the right to assemble and protect themselves; to destroy, kill and annihilate the armed men of any nationality or province who might attack them and their women and children,[b] and to plunder(O) the property of their enemies. 12 The day appointed for the Jews to do this in all the provinces of King Xerxes was the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, the month of Adar.(P) 13 A copy of the text of the edict was to be issued as law in every province and made known to the people of every nationality so that the Jews would be ready on that day(Q) to avenge themselves on their enemies.

14 The couriers, riding the royal horses, went out, spurred on by the king’s command, and the edict was issued in the citadel of Susa.(R)

The Triumph of the Jews

15 When Mordecai(S) left the king’s presence, he was wearing royal garments of blue and white, a large crown of gold(T) and a purple robe of fine linen.(U) And the city of Susa held a joyous celebration.(V) 16 For the Jews it was a time of happiness and joy,(W) gladness and honor.(X) 17 In every province and in every city to which the edict of the king came, there was joy(Y) and gladness among the Jews, with feasting and celebrating. And many people of other nationalities became Jews because fear(Z) of the Jews had seized them.(AA)

Footnotes

  1. Esther 8:9 That is, the upper Nile region
  2. Esther 8:11 Or province, together with their women and children, who might attack them;

On that day did the king Ahasuerus give the house of Haman the Jews' enemy unto Esther the queen. And Mordecai came before the king; for Esther had told what he was unto her.

And the king took off his ring, which he had taken from Haman, and gave it unto Mordecai. And Esther set Mordecai over the house of Haman.

And Esther spake yet again before the king, and fell down at his feet, and besought him with tears to put away the mischief of Haman the Agagite, and his device that he had devised against the Jews.

Then the king held out the golden sceptre toward Esther. So Esther arose, and stood before the king,

And said, If it please the king, and if I have favour in his sight, and the thing seem right before the king, and I be pleasing in his eyes, let it be written to reverse the letters devised by Haman the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, which he wrote to destroy the Jews which are in all the king's provinces:

For how can I endure to see the evil that shall come unto my people? or how can I endure to see the destruction of my kindred?

Then the king Ahasuerus said unto Esther the queen and to Mordecai the Jew, Behold, I have given Esther the house of Haman, and him they have hanged upon the gallows, because he laid his hand upon the Jews.

Write ye also for the Jews, as it liketh you, in the king's name, and seal it with the king's ring: for the writing which is written in the king's name, and sealed with the king's ring, may no man reverse.

Then were the king's scribes called at that time in the third month, that is, the month Sivan, on the three and twentieth day thereof; and it was written according to all that Mordecai commanded unto the Jews, and to the lieutenants, and the deputies and rulers of the provinces which are from India unto Ethiopia, an hundred twenty and seven provinces, unto every province according to the writing thereof, and unto every people after their language, and to the Jews according to their writing, and according to their language.

10 And he wrote in the king Ahasuerus' name, and sealed it with the king's ring, and sent letters by posts on horseback, and riders on mules, camels, and young dromedaries:

11 Wherein the king granted the Jews which were in every city to gather themselves together, and to stand for their life, to destroy, to slay and to cause to perish, all the power of the people and province that would assault them, both little ones and women, and to take the spoil of them for a prey,

12 Upon one day in all the provinces of king Ahasuerus, namely, upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar.

13 The copy of the writing for a commandment to be given in every province was published unto all people, and that the Jews should be ready against that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.

14 So the posts that rode upon mules and camels went out, being hastened and pressed on by the king's commandment. And the decree was given at Shushan the palace.

15 And Mordecai went out from the presence of the king in royal apparel of blue and white, and with a great crown of gold, and with a garment of fine linen and purple: and the city of Shushan rejoiced and was glad.

16 The Jews had light, and gladness, and joy, and honour.

17 And in every province, and in every city, whithersoever the king's commandment and his decree came, the Jews had joy and gladness, a feast and a good day. And many of the people of the land became Jews; for the fear of the Jews fell upon them.