Mordecai Persuades Esther to Help

When Mordecai learned of all that had been done, he tore his clothes,(A) put on sackcloth and ashes,(B) and went out into the city, wailing(C) loudly and bitterly. But he went only as far as the king’s gate,(D) because no one clothed in sackcloth was allowed to enter it. In every province to which the edict and order of the king came, there was great mourning among the Jews, with fasting, weeping and wailing. Many lay in sackcloth and ashes.

When Esther’s eunuchs and female attendants came and told her about Mordecai, she was in great distress. She sent clothes for him to put on instead of his sackcloth, but he would not accept them. Then Esther summoned Hathak, one of the king’s eunuchs assigned to attend her, and ordered him to find out what was troubling Mordecai and why.

So Hathak went out to Mordecai in the open square of the city in front of the king’s gate. Mordecai told him everything that had happened to him, including the exact amount of money Haman had promised to pay into the royal treasury for the destruction of the Jews.(E) He also gave him a copy of the text of the edict for their annihilation, which had been published in Susa, to show to Esther and explain it to her, and he told him to instruct her to go into the king’s presence to beg for mercy and plead with him for her people.

Hathak went back and reported to Esther what Mordecai had said. 10 Then she instructed him to say to Mordecai, 11 “All the king’s officials and the people of the royal provinces know that for any man or woman who approaches the king in the inner court without being summoned(F) the king has but one law:(G) that they be put to death unless the king extends the gold scepter(H) to them and spares their lives. But thirty days have passed since I was called to go to the king.”

12 When Esther’s words were reported to Mordecai, 13 he sent back this answer: “Do not think that because you are in the king’s house you alone of all the Jews will escape. 14 For if you remain silent(I) at this time, relief(J) and deliverance(K) for the Jews will arise from another place, but you and your father’s family will perish. And who knows but that you have come to your royal position for such a time as this?”(L)

15 Then Esther sent this reply to Mordecai: 16 “Go, gather together all the Jews who are in Susa, and fast(M) for me. Do not eat or drink for three days, night or day. I and my attendants will fast as you do. When this is done, I will go to the king, even though it is against the law. And if I perish, I perish.”(N)

17 So Mordecai went away and carried out all of Esther’s instructions.

Mardocheo ed Ester vogliono scongiurare il pericolo

Quando Mardocheo seppe quanto era stato fatto, si stracciò le vesti, si coprì di sacco e di cenere e uscì in mezzo alla città, mandando alte e amare grida; venne fin davanti alla porta del re, ma a nessuno che fosse coperto di sacco era permesso di entrare per la porta del re. In ogni provincia, dovunque giungevano l'ordine del re e il suo editto, ci fu gran desolazione fra i Giudei: digiuno, pianto, lutto e a molti servirono di letto il sacco e la cenere. Le ancelle di Ester e i suoi eunuchi vennero a riferire la cosa e la regina ne fu molto angosciata; mandò vesti a Mardocheo, perché se le mettesse e si togliesse di dosso il sacco, ma egli non le accettò. Allora Ester chiamò Atàch, uno degli eunuchi che il re aveva messo al suo servizio, e lo incaricò di andare da Mardocheo per domandare che cosa era avvenuto e perché si comportava così. Atàch si recò da Mardocheo sulla piazza della città davanti alla porta del re. Mardocheo gli narrò quanto gli era accaduto e gli indicò la somma di denaro che Amàn aveva promesso di versare al tesoro reale per far distruggere i Giudei; gli diede anche una copia dell'editto promulgato a Susa per il loro sterminio, perché lo mostrasse a Ester, la informasse di tutto e le ordinasse di presentarsi al re per domandargli grazia e per intercedere in favore del suo popolo. 8a «Ricordati - le fece dire - dei giorni della tua povertà, quando eri nutrita dalla mia mano; perché Amàn, il secondo in dignità dopo il re, ha parlato contro di noi per farci mettere a morte. Invoca il Signore, parla al re in nostro favore e liberaci dalla morte!». Atàch ritornò da Ester e le riferì le parole di Mardocheo. 10 Ester ordinò ad Atàch di riferire a Mardocheo: 11 «Tutti i ministri del re e il popolo delle sue province sanno che se qualcuno, uomo o donna, entra dal re nell'atrio interno, senza essere stato chiamato, in forza di una legge uguale per tutti, deve essere messo a morte, a meno che il re non stenda verso di lui il suo scettro d'oro, nel qual caso avrà salva la vita. Quanto a me, sono gia trenta giorni che non sono stata chiamata per andare dal re». 12 Le parole di Ester furono riferite a Mardocheo 13 e Mardocheo fece dare questa risposta a Ester: «Non pensare di salvare solo te stessa fra tutti i Giudei, per il fatto che ti trovi nella reggia. 14 Perché se tu in questo momento taci, aiuto e liberazione sorgeranno per i Giudei da un altro luogo; ma tu perirai insieme con la casa di tuo padre. Chi sa che tu non sia stata elevata a regina proprio in previsione d'una circostanza come questa?». 15 Allora Ester fece rispondere a Mardocheo: 16 «Và, raduna tutti i Giudei che si trovano a Susa: digiunate per me, state senza mangiare e senza bere per tre giorni, notte e giorno; anch'io con le ancelle digiunerò nello stesso modo; dopo entrerò dal re, sebbene ciò sia contro la legge e, se dovrò perire, perirò!». 17 Mardocheo se ne andò e fece quanto Ester gli aveva ordinato.

Preghiera di Mardocheo

17a Poi pregò il Signore, ricordando tutte le sue gesta, e disse:

17b «Signore, Signore re, sovrano dell'universo, tutte le cose sono sottoposte al tuo potere e nessuno può opporsi a te nella tua volontà di salvare Israele.

17c Tu hai fatto il cielo e la terra e tutte le meraviglie che si trovano sotto il firmamento. Tu sei il Signore di tutte le cose e nessuno può resistere a te, Signore.

17d Tu conosci tutto; tu sai, Signore, che non per orgoglio, non per superbia né per vanagloria ho fatto il gesto di non prostrarmi davanti al superbo Amàn, perché avrei anche baciato la pianta dei suoi piedi per la salvezza d'Israele.

17e Ma ho fatto ciò per non porre la gloria di un uomo al di sopra della gloria di Dio; non mi prostrerò mai davanti a nessuno se non davanti a te, che sei il mio Signore, e non farò così per superbia.

17f Ora, Signore Dio, Re, Dio di Abramo, risparmia il tuo popolo! Perché mirano a distruggerci e bramano di far perire quella che è la tua eredità dai tempi antichi.

17g Non trascurare la porzione che per te stesso hai liberato dal paese d'Egitto. 17h Ascolta la mia preghiera e sii propizio alla tua eredità; cambia il nostro lutto in gioia, perché vivi possiamo cantare inni al tuo nome, Signore, e non lasciare scomparire la bocca di quelli che ti lodano».

17i Tutti gli Israeliti gridavano con tutta la forza, perché la morte stava davanti ai loro occhi.

Preghiera di Ester

17k Anche la regina Ester cercò rifugio presso il Signore, presa da un'angoscia mortale. Si tolse le vesti di lusso e indossò gli abiti di miseria e di lutto; invece dei superbi profumi si riempì la testa di ceneri e di immondizie. Umiliò molto il suo corpo e con i capelli sconvolti si muoveva dove prima era abituata agli ornamenti festivi. Poi supplicò il Signore e disse: 17l «Mio Signore, nostro re, tu sei l'unico! Vieni in aiuto a me che sono sola e non ho altro soccorso se non te, perché un grande pericolo mi sovrasta.

17m Io ho sentito fin dalla mia nascita, in seno alla mia famiglia, che tu, Signore, hai scelto Israele da tutte le nazioni e i nostri padri da tutti i loro antenati come tua eterna eredità, e hai fatto loro secondo quanto avevi promesso. 17n Ora abbiamo peccato contro di te e ci hai messi nelle mani dei nostri nemici, per aver noi dato gloria ai loro dei. Tu sei giusto, Signore!

17o Ma ora non si sono accontentati dell'amarezza della nostra schiavitù, hanno anche posto le mani sulle mani dei loro idoli, giurando di abolire l'oracolo della tua bocca, di sterminare la tua eredità, di chiudere la bocca di quelli che ti lodano e spegnere la gloria del tuo tempio e il tuo altare, 17p di aprire invece la bocca delle nazioni a lodare gli idoli vani e a proclamare per sempre la propria ammirazione per un re di carne.

17q Non consegnare, Signore, il tuo scettro a dei che neppure esistono. Non abbiano a ridere della nostra caduta; ma volgi contro di loro questi loro progetti e colpisci con un castigo esemplare il primo dei nostri persecutori.

17r Ricordati, Signore; manifèstati nel giorno della nostra afflizione e a me dà coraggio, o re degli dei e signore di ogni autorità. 17s Metti nella mia bocca una parola ben misurata di fronte al leone e volgi il suo cuore all'odio contro colui che ci combatte, allo sterminio di lui e di coloro che sono d'accordo con lui.

17t Quanto a noi, salvaci con la tua mano e vieni in mio aiuto, perché sono sola e non ho altri che te, Signore!

17u Tu hai conoscenza di tutto e sai che io odio la gloria degli empi e detesto il letto dei non circoncisi e di qualunque straniero. 17v Tu sai che mi trovo nella necessità, che detesto l'emblema della mia fastosa posizione che cinge il mio capo nei giorni in cui devo fare comparsa; lo detesto come un panno immondo e non lo porto nei giorni in cui mi tengo appartata. 17x La tua serva non ha mangiato alla tavola di Amàn né ha onorato il banchetto del re né bevuto il vino delle libazioni. 17y La tua serva da quando ha cambiato condizione fino ad oggi, non ha gioito di nulla, se non di te, Signore, Dio di Abramo.

17z Dio, che su tutti eserciti la forza, ascolta la voce dei disperati e liberaci dalla mano dei malvagi; libera me dalla mia angoscia!».

When Mordecai perceived all that was done, Mordecai rent his clothes, and put on sackcloth with ashes, and went out into the midst of the city, and cried with a loud and a bitter cry;

And came even before the king's gate: for none might enter into the king's gate clothed with sackcloth.

And in every province, whithersoever the king's commandment and his decree came, there was great mourning among the Jews, and fasting, and weeping, and wailing; and many lay in sackcloth and ashes.

So Esther's maids and her chamberlains came and told it her. Then was the queen exceedingly grieved; and she sent raiment to clothe Mordecai, and to take away his sackcloth from him: but he received it not.

Then called Esther for Hatach, one of the king's chamberlains, whom he had appointed to attend upon her, and gave him a commandment to Mordecai, to know what it was, and why it was.

So Hatach went forth to Mordecai unto the street of the city, which was before the king's gate.

And Mordecai told him of all that had happened unto him, and of the sum of the money that Haman had promised to pay to the king's treasuries for the Jews, to destroy them.

Also he gave him the copy of the writing of the decree that was given at Shushan to destroy them, to shew it unto Esther, and to declare it unto her, and to charge her that she should go in unto the king, to make supplication unto him, and to make request before him for her people.

And Hatach came and told Esther the words of Mordecai.

10 Again Esther spake unto Hatach, and gave him commandment unto Mordecai;

11 All the king's servants, and the people of the king's provinces, do know, that whosoever, whether man or women, shall come unto the king into the inner court, who is not called, there is one law of his to put him to death, except such to whom the king shall hold out the golden sceptre, that he may live: but I have not been called to come in unto the king these thirty days.

12 And they told to Mordecai Esther's words.

13 Then Mordecai commanded to answer Esther, Think not with thyself that thou shalt escape in the king's house, more than all the Jews.

14 For if thou altogether holdest thy peace at this time, then shall there enlargement and deliverance arise to the Jews from another place; but thou and thy father's house shall be destroyed: and who knoweth whether thou art come to the kingdom for such a time as this?

15 Then Esther bade them return Mordecai this answer,

16 Go, gather together all the Jews that are present in Shushan, and fast ye for me, and neither eat nor drink three days, night or day: I also and my maidens will fast likewise; and so will I go in unto the king, which is not according to the law: and if I perish, I perish.

17 So Mordecai went his way, and did according to all that Esther had commanded him.

Esther Decides to Risk Everything in order to Help Her People

Now when Mordecai became aware of all that had been done, he[a] tore his garments and put on sackcloth and ashes. He went out into the city, crying out in a loud[b] and bitter voice. But he went no farther than the king’s gate, for no one was permitted to enter the king’s gate clothed in sackcloth. Throughout each and every province where the king’s edict and law were announced[c] there was considerable[d] mourning among the Jews, along with fasting, weeping, and sorrow.[e] Sackcloth and ashes were characteristic[f] of many. When Esther’s female attendants and her eunuchs came and informed her about Mordecai’s behavior,[g] the queen was overcome with anguish. Although she sent garments for Mordecai to put on so that he could remove his sackcloth, he would not accept them. So Esther called for Hathach, one of the king’s eunuchs who had been placed at her service,[h] and instructed him to find out the cause and reason for Mordecai’s behavior.[i] So Hathach went to Mordecai at the plaza of the city in front of the king’s gate. Then Mordecai related to him everything that had happened to him, even the specific amount of money that Haman had offered to pay to the king’s treasuries for the Jews to be destroyed. He also gave him a written copy of the law that had been disseminated[j] in Susa for their destruction so that he could show it to Esther and talk to her about it. He also gave instructions that she should go to the king to implore him and petition him on behalf of her people. So Hathach returned and related Mordecai’s instructions[k] to Esther.

10 Then Esther replied to Hathach with instructions for Mordecai: 11 “All the servants of the king and the people of the king’s provinces know that there is only one law applicable[l] to any man or woman who comes uninvited to the king in the inner court—that person will be put to death, unless the king extends to him the gold scepter, permitting him to be spared.[m] Now I have not been invited to come to the king for some thirty days.”

12 When Esther’s reply[n] was conveyed to Mordecai, 13 he[o] said to take back this answer to Esther: “Don’t imagine that because you are part of the king’s household you will be the one Jew[p] who will escape. 14 If you keep quiet at this time, liberation and protection for the Jews will appear[q] from another source,[r] while you and your father’s household perish. It may very well be[s] that you have achieved royal status[t] for such a time as this!”

15 Then Esther sent this reply to Mordecai: 16 “Go, assemble all the Jews who are found in Susa, and fast on my behalf. Don’t eat and don’t drink for three days, night or day. My female attendants and I[u] will also fast in the same way. Afterward I will go to the king, even though it violates the law.[v] If I perish, I perish.”

17 So Mordecai set out to do everything that Esther had instructed him.

Footnotes

  1. Esther 4:1 tn Heb “Mordecai.” The pronoun (“he”) was used in the translation for stylistic reasons. A repetition of the proper name here is redundant in terms of contemporary English style.
  2. Esther 4:1 tn Heb “great.”
  3. Esther 4:3 tn Heb “reached” (so NAB, NLT); KJV, NASB, NIV “came”; TEV “wherever the king’s proclamation was made known.”
  4. Esther 4:3 tn Heb “great” (so KJV, NIV, NRSV, NLT); NAB “the Jews went into deep mourning.”
  5. Esther 4:3 sn Although prayer is not specifically mentioned here, it is highly unlikely that appeals to God for help were not a part of this reaction to devastating news. As elsewhere in the book of Esther, the writer seems deliberately to keep religious actions in the background.
  6. Esther 4:3 tn Heb “were spread to many”; KJV, NIV “many (+ people NLT) lay in sackcloth and ashes.”
  7. Esther 4:4 tn The words “about Mordecai’s behavior” are not in the Hebrew text, but are supplied in translation for the sake of clarity. Cf. NIV, NLT “about Mordecai”; TEV, CEV “what Mordecai was doing.”
  8. Esther 4:5 tn Heb “whom he caused to stand before her”; NASB “whom the king had appointed to attend her.”
  9. Esther 4:5 tn Heb “concerning Mordecai, to know what this was, and why this was.”
  10. Esther 4:8 tn Heb “given” (so KJV); NASB, NRSV, TEV, NLT “issued”; NIV “published”; NAB “promulgated.”
  11. Esther 4:9 tn Heb “the words of Mordecai” (so KJV); NIV, NRSV, CEV “what Mordecai had said”; NLT “with Mordecai’s message.”
  12. Esther 4:11 tn Heb “one is his law”; NASB “he (the king NIV) has but one law”
  13. Esther 4:11 tn Heb “and he will live”; KJV, ASV “that he may live”; NIV “and spare his life.”
  14. Esther 4:12 tn Heb “the words of Esther”; TEV, NLT “Esther’s message.”
  15. Esther 4:13 tn Heb “Mordecai.” The pronoun (“he”) was used in the translation for stylistic reasons. A repetition of the proper name here is redundant in terms of contemporary English style.
  16. Esther 4:13 tn Heb “from all the Jews”; KJV “more than all the Jews”; NIV “you alone of all the Jews.”
  17. Esther 4:14 tn Heb “stand”; KJV, NASB, NIV, NLT “arise.”
  18. Esther 4:14 tn Heb “place” (so KJV, NIV, NLT); NRSV “from another quarter.” This is probably an oblique reference to help coming from God. D. J. A. Clines disagrees; in his view a contrast between deliverance by Esther and deliverance by God is inappropriate (Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther [NCBC], 302). But Clines’ suggestion that perhaps the reference is to deliverance by Jewish officials or by armed Jewish revolt is less attractive than seeing this veiled reference as part of the literary strategy of the book, which deliberately keeps God’s providential dealings entirely in the background.
  19. Esther 4:14 tn Heb “And who knows whether” (so NASB). The question is one of hope, but free of presumption. Cf. Jonah 3:9.
  20. Esther 4:14 tn Heb “have come to the kingdom”; NRSV “to royal dignity”; NIV “to royal position”; NLT “have been elevated to the palace.”
  21. Esther 4:16 tn Heb “I and my female attendants.” The translation reverses the order for stylistic reasons.
  22. Esther 4:16 tn Heb “which is not according to the law” (so KJV, NASB); NAB “contrary to the law.”