Haman Plots Against the Jews

After these things King Ahasuerus (A)promoted Haman (B)the Agagite, the son of Hammedatha, (C)and advanced him and set his throne above all the officials who were with him. And all the king's servants who were at the king's gate bowed down and paid homage to Haman, for the king had so commanded concerning him. (D)But Mordecai did not bow down or pay homage. Then the king's servants who were (E)at the king's gate said to Mordecai, “Why do you transgress (F)the king's command?” And when they spoke to him day after day and he would not listen to them, they told Haman, in order to see whether Mordecai's words would stand, for he had told them that he was a Jew. And when Haman saw that (G)Mordecai did not bow down or pay homage to him, Haman was (H)filled with fury. But he disdained[a] to lay hands on Mordecai alone. So, as they had made known to him the people of Mordecai, Haman sought to destroy[b] all the Jews, the people of Mordecai, throughout the whole kingdom of Ahasuerus.

In the first month, which is the month of Nisan, in the twelfth year of King Ahasuerus, (I)they cast Pur (that is, they cast lots) before Haman day after day; and they cast it month after month till the twelfth month, which is (J)the month of Adar. Then Haman said to King Ahasuerus, “There is a certain people scattered abroad and dispersed among the peoples in all the provinces of your kingdom. (K)Their laws are different from those of every other people, and they do not keep the king's laws, so that it is not to the king's profit to tolerate them. If it please the king, let it be decreed that they be destroyed, and I will pay 10,000 talents[c] of silver into the hands of those who have charge of the king's business, that they may put it into the king's treasuries.” 10 (L)So the king took his signet ring from his hand and gave it to Haman (M)the Agagite, the son of Hammedatha, (N)the enemy of the Jews. 11 And the king said to Haman, “The money is given to you, the people also, to do with them as it seems good to you.”

12 (O)Then the king's scribes were summoned on the thirteenth day of the first month, and an edict, according to all that Haman commanded, was written to the king's (P)satraps and to the governors over all the provinces and to the officials of all the peoples, (Q)to every province in its own script and every people in its own language. It was written (R)in the name of King Ahasuerus (S)and sealed with the king's signet ring. 13 Letters were sent (T)by couriers to all the king's provinces with instruction (U)to destroy, to kill, and to annihilate all Jews, young and old, women and children, (V)in one day, the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar, (W)and to plunder their goods. 14 (X)A copy of the document was to be issued as a decree in every province by proclamation to all the peoples to be ready for that day. 15 (Y)The couriers went out hurriedly by order of the king, and the decree was issued in Susa the citadel. And the king and Haman sat down to drink, (Z)but the city of Susa was thrown into confusion.

Footnotes

  1. Esther 3:6 Hebrew disdained in his eyes
  2. Esther 3:6 Or annihilate
  3. Esther 3:9 A talent was about 75 pounds or 34 kilograms

Haman’s Conspiracy Against the Jews

After these things King Ahasuerus promoted Haman, the son of Hammedatha the (A)Agagite, and (B)advanced him and set his seat above all the princes who were with him. And all the king’s servants who were (C)within the king’s gate bowed and paid homage to Haman, for so the king had commanded concerning him. But Mordecai (D)would not bow or pay homage. Then the king’s servants who were within the king’s gate said to Mordecai, “Why do you transgress the (E)king’s command?” Now it happened, when they spoke to him daily and he would not listen to them, that they told it to Haman, to see whether Mordecai’s words would stand; for Mordecai had told them that he was a Jew. When Haman saw that Mordecai (F)did not bow or pay him homage, Haman was (G)filled with wrath. But he disdained to lay hands on Mordecai alone, for they had told him of the people of Mordecai. Instead, Haman (H)sought to destroy all the Jews who were throughout the whole kingdom of Ahasuerus—the people of Mordecai.

In the first month, which is the month of Nisan, in the twelfth year of King Ahasuerus, (I)they cast Pur (that is, the lot), before Haman [a]to determine the day and the [b]month, [c]until it fell on the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar.

Then Haman said to King Ahasuerus, “There is a certain people scattered and dispersed among the people in all the provinces of your kingdom; (J)their laws are different from all other people’s, and they do not keep the king’s laws. Therefore it is not fitting for the king to let them remain. If it pleases the king, let a decree be written that they be destroyed, and I will pay ten thousand talents of silver into the hands of those who do the work, to bring it into the king’s treasuries.”

10 So the king (K)took (L)his signet ring from his hand and gave it to Haman, the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the (M)enemy of the Jews. 11 And the king said to Haman, “The money and the people are given to you, to do with them as seems good to you.”

12 (N)Then the king’s scribes were called on the thirteenth day of the first month, and a decree was written according to all that Haman commanded—to the king’s satraps, to the governors who were over each province, to the officials of all people, to every province (O)according to its script, and to every people in their language. (P)In the name of King Ahasuerus it was written, and sealed with the king’s signet ring. 13 And the letters were (Q)sent by couriers into all the king’s provinces, to destroy, to kill, and to annihilate all the Jews, both young and old, little children and women, (R)in one day, on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar, and (S)to plunder their [d]possessions. 14 (T)A copy of the document was to be issued as law in every province, being published for all people, that they should be ready for that day. 15 The couriers went out, hastened by the king’s command; and the decree was proclaimed in [e]Shushan the [f]citadel. So the king and Haman sat down to drink, but (U)the city of Shushan was [g]perplexed.

Footnotes

  1. Esther 3:7 Lit. from day to day and month to month
  2. Esther 3:7 LXX adds to destroy the people of Mordecai in one day; Vg. adds the nation of the Jews should be destroyed
  3. Esther 3:7 So with MT, Vg.; LXX and the lot fell on the fourteenth of the month
  4. Esther 3:13 LXX adds the text of the letter here
  5. Esther 3:15 Or Susa
  6. Esther 3:15 palace
  7. Esther 3:15 in confusion

Mardochée met Haman en colère

Quelque temps après ces événements, l’empereur Xerxès éleva en dignité Haman, fils de Hammedata du pays d’Agag : il le promut au rang de premier ministre et lui donna ainsi la prééminence sur tous les ministres de son gouvernement. Par ordre de l’empereur, tous les fonctionnaires impériaux en poste au palais devaient s’agenouiller et se prosterner sur son passage. Mais Mardochée ne s’agenouillait pas et ne se prosternait pas devant lui. Ses collègues lui demandèrent : Pourquoi désobéis-tu à l’ordre de l’empereur ?

Tous les jours, ils lui disaient cela, mais Mardochée ne les écoutait pas.

Finalement, ils signalèrent la chose à Haman pour voir si Mardochée s’en tiendrait à ses paroles, car il leur avait dit qu’il était Juif. Quand Haman eut constaté que Mardochée ne s’agenouillait pas et ne se prosternait pas devant lui, il devint furieux. On lui avait appris à quel peuple Mardochée appartenait, et il jugea trop insuffisant de porter la main sur Mardochée seulement. Il résolut donc d’exterminer tous les Juifs, compatriotes de Mardochée, qui se trouvaient dans tout l’empire de Xerxès. Le premier mois, c’est-à-dire le mois de Nisân de la douzième année du règne de Xerxès[a], Haman fit tirer au sort – ce qui se dit « Pour » – en passant en revue un jour après l’autre et un mois après l’autre. Le sort tomba sur le douzième mois qui est le mois d’Adar[b].

Haman veut exterminer les Juifs

Puis Haman alla dire à l’empereur Xerxès : Il y a, répandu parmi les peuples dans toutes les provinces de ton empire, un peuple qui est inassimilable. Leurs lois sont différentes de celles de tous les autres peuples, et ils n’obéissent pas aux lois impériales. L’empereur n’a aucun intérêt à les laisser en paix. Si l’empereur le veut bien, que l’on rédige un édit ordonnant leur extermination et je pèserai dix mille pièces d’argent que je remettrai aux fonctionnaires impériaux pour qu’ils les versent dans les caisses de l’empereur.

10 Alors l’empereur ôta son anneau du doigt et le remit à Haman, fils de Hammedata d’Agag, l’ennemi des Juifs[c]. 11 Puis l’empereur dit à Haman : Je te laisse l’argent et je te livre ce peuple. Fais-en ce que tu voudras.

12 Le treizième jour du premier mois[d], on convoqua les secrétaires impériaux et, sur l’ordre de Haman, ils écrivirent aux satrapes de l’empereur[e], aux gouverneurs de chaque district et aux ministres de chaque peuple. Les documents furent rédigés selon le système d’écriture des différentes provinces et dans la langue de chaque peuple. Les messages furent écrits au nom de l’empereur Xerxès et scellés du sceau impérial. 13 Les lettres furent portées par les coureurs dans toutes les provinces de l’empire, pour ordonner de massacrer, de tuer et d’exterminer les Juifs, jeunes et vieux, enfants et femmes, en un seul jour, à savoir le treizième jour du douzième mois, qui est le mois d’Adar, et de piller leurs biens. 14 Le texte de l’édit devait être promulgué comme loi dans chaque province et porté à la connaissance de tous les peuples pour que chacun se tienne prêt pour le jour fixé.

15 Les coureurs partirent en hâte, par ordre de l’empereur. Le décret fut aussi publié dans la citadelle de Suse. L’empereur et Haman s’installèrent pour boire tandis que dans la ville de Suse régnait la consternation.

Footnotes

  1. 3.7 C’est-à-dire, le mois de la Pâque, en avril ou mai 474 av. J.-C., cinq ans après l’élévation d’Esther au titre d’impératrice (voir 2.16-17).
  2. 3.7 Mars-avril.
  3. 3.10 L’anneau royal portait le sceau qui validait les décrets (voir v. 12 ; Gn 41.42).
  4. 3.12 La veille de la Pâque pour les Juifs.
  5. 3.12 L’Empire perse était divisé en 20 satrapies et 127 districts administratifs régies par des gouverneurs. Les satrapes sont aussi mentionnés en 8.9 ; 9.3.