The King’s Banquets

1 And it happened in the days of Ahasuerus, the Ahasuerus who reigned from India to Cush^[a]—over one hundred and twenty-seven provinces.^{[b] 2} In those days as King Ahasuerus was sitting on the throne of his kingdom, which was in the citadel of Susa, ³ he gave a banquet in the third year of his reign for all his officials and servants. The army of Persia and Media and the nobles and officials of the provinces were in his presence ⁴ as he displayed the wealth of the glory of his kingdom and the glorious splendor of his greatness for many days, one hundred and eighty days^[c].

⁵ And when those days were completed, the king gave for all the people that were present at the citadel of Susa, both great and small, a banquet in the courtyard of the king’s palace garden that lasted seven days. ⁶ There were curtains of finely woven linen and blue cloth tied with cords of fine white linen and purple cloth to silver curtain rings and pillars of alabaster, and couches of gold and silver on a paved floor of alabaster, precious stone, mother-of-pearl, and costly stones.^{[d] 7} Drinks were served in goblets of gold and goblets of different kinds,^[e] and there was plentiful royal wine according to the bounty of the king.^{[f] 8} There were no restrictions on the drinking, for the king had instructed every official of his palace to do as each one pleased. ⁹ Furthermore, Queen Vashti gave a banquet for the women in the palace^[g] that belonged to King Ahasuerus.

Queen Vashti Refuses the King’s Request

¹⁰ On the seventh day, when the heart of the king was merry with wine, he said to Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha, Abagtha, Zethar, and Carcas, seven of the eunuchs attending King Ahasuerus, ¹¹ to bring Queen Vashti before the king with her royal crown^[h] to show the people and the officials her beauty, for she was very attractive.^{[i] 12} But Queen Vashti refused to come at the word of the king that was conveyed by^[j] the eunuchs. And the king became very angry, and his anger burned in him.

¹³ And the king said to the wise men, the ones who know the times^[k]—for it was the procedure of the king before all those who knew law and rights;^{[l] 14} and those next to him were Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, Memucan, the seven officials of Persia and Media who had access to the king^[m] and sat first in the kingdom— ¹⁵ “According to the law, what is to be done with Queen Vashti, because she has not done the command of King Ahasuerus conveyed by^[n] the eunuchs? ¹⁶ And Memucan said before the king and the officials, “Not only has Queen Vashti done wrong to the king, but to all the officials and all of the people who are in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus. ¹⁷ For this deed of the queen will be known^[o] to all the women, causing them to look with contempt on their husbands,^[p] as they will say, ‘King Ahasuerus commanded Queen Vashti to be brought before him but she did not come!’ ¹⁸ This day the women of nobility from Persia and Media will respond to all the officials of the king and there will be no end to contempt and anger. ¹⁹ If it pleases^[q] the king, let a royal edict^[r] go out from him, and let it be written among the laws of Persia and Media so that it will not be altered, that Vashti cannot come before King Ahasuerus; and let the king give her royal position to her neighbor who is better than she. ²⁰ And let the king’s decree that he will make be proclaimed in all his kingdom, because it is vast and all the women will honor their husbands, great and small.”^[s]

²¹ This advice pleased the king^[t] and the officials, and the king acted according to the word of Memucan. ²² And he sent letters to all the provinces of the king, to each province according to its own script, and to every people in their own language,^[u] that every man should be the master of his house and who speaks in the language^[v] of his people.