Esodo 5
Conferenza Episcopale Italiana
Primo incontro con il faraone
5 Dopo, Mosè e Aronne vennero dal Faraone e gli annunziarono: «Dice il Signore, il Dio d'Israele: Lascia partire il mio popolo perché mi celebri una festa nel deserto!». 2 Il faraone rispose: «Chi è il Signore, perché io debba ascoltare la sua voce per lasciar partire Israele? Non conosco il Signore e neppure lascerò partire Israele!». 3 Ripresero: «Il Dio degli Ebrei si è presentato a noi. Ci sia dunque concesso di partire per un viaggio di tre giorni nel deserto e celebrare un sacrificio al Signore, nostro Dio, perché non ci colpisca di peste o di spada!». 4 Il re di Egitto disse loro: «Perché, Mosè e Aronne, distogliete il popolo dai suoi lavori? Tornate ai vostri lavori!». 5 Il faraone aggiunse: «Ecco, ora sono numerosi più del popolo del paese, voi li vorreste far cessare dai lavori forzati!».
Istruzioni ai capi dei lavori forzati
6 In quel giorno il faraone diede questi ordini ai sorveglianti del popolo e ai suoi scribi: « 7 Non darete più la paglia al popolo per fabbricare i mattoni come facevate prima. Si procureranno da sé la paglia. 8 Però voi dovete esigere il numero di mattoni che facevano prima, senza ridurlo. Perché sono fannulloni; per questo protestano: Vogliamo partire, dobbiamo sacrificare al nostro Dio! 9 Pesi dunque il lavoro su questi uomini e vi si trovino impegnati; non diano retta a parole false!».
10 I sorveglianti del popolo e gli scribi uscirono e parlarono al popolo: «Ha ordinato il faraone: Io non vi dò più paglia. 11 Voi stessi andate a procurarvela dove ne troverete, ma non diminuisca il vostro lavoro».
12 Il popolo si disperse in tutto il paese d'Egitto a raccattare stoppie da usare come paglia. 13 Ma i sorveglianti li sollecitavano dicendo: «Porterete a termine il vostro lavoro; ogni giorno il quantitativo giornaliero, come quando vi era la paglia». 14 Bastonarono gli scribi degli Israeliti, quelli che i sorveglianti del faraone avevano costituiti loro capi, dicendo: «Perché non avete portato a termine anche ieri e oggi, come prima, il vostro numero di mattoni?».
Recriminazione degli scribi e del popolo
15 Allora gli scribi degli Israeliti vennero dal faraone a reclamare, dicendo: «Perché tratti così i tuoi servi? 16 Paglia non vien data ai tuoi servi, ma i mattoni - ci si dice - fateli! Ed ecco i tuoi servi sono bastonati e la colpa è del tuo popolo!». 17 Rispose: «Fannulloni siete, fannulloni! Per questo dite: Vogliamo partire, dobbiamo sacrificare al Signore. 18 Ora andate, lavorate! Non vi sarà data paglia, ma voi darete lo stesso numero di mattoni».
19 Gli scribi degli Israeliti si videro ridotti a mal partito, quando fu loro detto: «Non diminuirete affatto il numero giornaliero dei mattoni». 20 Quando, uscendo dalla presenza del faraone, incontrarono Mosè e Aronne che stavano ad aspettarli, 21 dissero loro: «Il Signore proceda contro di voi e giudichi; perché ci avete resi odiosi agli occhi del faraone e agli occhi dei suoi ministri, mettendo loro in mano la spada per ucciderci!».
22 Allora Mosè si rivolse al Signore e disse: «Mio Signore, perché hai maltrattato questo popolo? Perché dunque mi hai inviato? 23 Da quando sono venuto dal faraone per parlargli in tuo nome, egli ha fatto del male a questo popolo e tu non hai per nulla liberato il tuo popolo!».
Exodus 5
English Standard Version
Making Bricks Without Straw
5 Afterward Moses and Aaron went and said to Pharaoh, “Thus says the Lord, the God of Israel, ‘Let my people go, that they may hold (A)a feast to me in the wilderness.’” 2 But Pharaoh said, (B)“Who is the Lord, that I should obey his voice and let Israel go? I do not know the Lord, and moreover, (C)I will not let Israel go.” 3 Then they said, “The (D)God of the Hebrews has met with us. Please let us go a three days' journey into the wilderness that we may sacrifice to the Lord our God, lest he fall upon us with pestilence or with the sword.” 4 But the king of Egypt said to them, “Moses and Aaron, why do you take the people away from their work? Get back to your (E)burdens.” 5 And Pharaoh said, “Behold, (F)the people of the land are now many,[a] and you make them rest from their burdens!” 6 The same day Pharaoh commanded the (G)taskmasters of the people and their (H)foremen, 7 “You shall no longer give the people straw to make bricks, as in the past; let them go and gather straw for themselves. 8 But the number of bricks that they made in the past you shall impose on them, you shall by no means reduce it, for they are idle. Therefore they cry, ‘Let us go and offer sacrifice to our God.’ 9 Let heavier work be laid on the men that they may labor at it and pay no regard to lying words.”
10 So the (I)taskmasters and the foremen of the people went out and said to the people, “Thus says Pharaoh, ‘I will not give you straw. 11 Go and get your straw yourselves wherever you can find it, but your work will not be reduced in the least.’” 12 So the people were scattered throughout all the land of Egypt to gather stubble for straw. 13 The (J)taskmasters were urgent, saying, “Complete your work, your daily task each day, as when there was straw.” 14 And the foremen of the people of Israel, whom Pharaoh's (K)taskmasters had set over them, were beaten and were asked, “Why have you not done all your task of making bricks today and yesterday, as in the past?”
15 Then the foremen of the people of Israel came and cried to Pharaoh, “Why do you treat your servants like this? 16 No straw is given to your servants, yet they say to us, ‘Make bricks!’ And behold, your servants are beaten; but the fault is in your own people.” 17 But he said, “You are idle, you are idle; that is why you say, ‘Let us go and sacrifice to the Lord.’ 18 Go now and work. No straw will be given you, but you must still deliver the same number of bricks.” 19 The foremen of the people of Israel saw that they were in trouble when they said, “You shall by no means reduce your number of bricks, your daily task each day.” 20 They met Moses and Aaron, who were waiting for them, as they came out from Pharaoh; 21 and (L)they said to them, “The Lord look on you and judge, because you have made us stink in the sight of Pharaoh and his servants, and have put a sword in their hand to kill us.”
22 Then Moses turned to the Lord and said, “O Lord, why have you done evil to this people? Why did you ever send me? 23 For since I came to Pharaoh to speak in your name, he has done evil to this people, and you have not delivered your people at all.”
Footnotes
- Exodus 5:5 Samaritan they are now more numerous than the people of the land
Exodus 5
Amplified Bible, Classic Edition
5 Afterward Moses and Aaron went in and told Pharaoh, Thus says the Lord, the God of Israel, Let My people go, that they may hold a feast to Me in the wilderness.
2 But Pharaoh said, Who is the Lord, that I should obey His voice to let Israel go? I know not the Lord, neither will I let Israel go.
3 And they said, The God of the Hebrews has met with us; let us go, we pray you, three days’ journey into the desert and sacrifice to the Lord our God, lest He fall upon us with pestilence or with the sword.
4 The king of Egypt said to Moses and Aaron, Why do you take the people from their jobs? Get to your burdens!
5 Pharaoh said, Behold, the people of the land now are many, and you make them rest from their burdens!
6 The very same day Pharaoh commanded the taskmasters of the people and their officers,
7 You shall no more give the people straw to make brick; let them go and gather straw for themselves.
8 But the number of the bricks which they made before you shall still require of them; you shall not diminish it in the least. For they are idle; that is why they cry, Let us go and sacrifice to our God.
9 Let heavier work be laid upon the men that they may labor at it and pay no attention to lying words.
10 The taskmasters of the people went out, and their officers, and they said to the people, Thus says Pharaoh, I will not give you straw.
11 Go, get [a]straw where you can find it; but your work shall not be diminished in the least.
12 So the people were scattered through all the land of Egypt to gather the short stubble instead of straw.
13 And the taskmasters were urgent, saying, Finish your work, your daily quotas, as when there was straw.
14 And the Hebrew foremen, whom Pharaoh’s taskmasters had set over them, were beaten and were asked, Why have you not fulfilled all your quota of making bricks yesterday and today, as before?
15 Then the Hebrew foremen came to Pharaoh and cried, Why do you deal like this with your servants?
16 No straw is given to your servants, yet they say to us, Make bricks! And behold, your servants are beaten, but the fault is in your own people.
17 But [Pharaoh] said, You are idle, lazy and idle! That is why you say, Let us go and sacrifice to the Lord.
18 Get out now and get to work; for no straw shall be given you, yet you shall deliver the full quota of bricks.
19 And the Hebrew foremen saw that they were in an evil situation when it was said, You shall not diminish in the least your full daily quota of bricks.
20 And the foremen met Moses and Aaron, who were standing in the way as they came forth from Pharaoh.
21 And the foremen said to them, The Lord look upon you and judge, because you have made us a rotten stench to be detested by Pharaoh and his servants and have put a sword in their hand to slay us.
22 Then Moses turned again to the Lord and said, O Lord, why have You dealt evil to this people? Why did You ever send me?
23 For since I came to Pharaoh to speak in Your name, he has done evil to this people, neither have You delivered Your people at all.
Footnotes
- Exodus 5:11 Archaeologists became interested early in examining Egyptian bricks of Moses’ time to see if they contained straw. They found that, while many did contain straw, many also did not, leaving the impression that the Bible was wrong. But as usual in such cases, sooner or later it is shown that “the testimony of the Lord is sure, making wise the simple” (Ps. 19:7)—who know no better than to doubt the truth of God’s Word. It is now known that oat straw boiled in water, when added to clay, makes the clay much easier to handle. Without the organic material obtained from the straw, the difficulty of making bricks was greatly increased. The fact that brickmakers of Egypt found the use of straw essential, whether visible evidence remains or not, is fully borne out, as various writers have asserted. (See Allan A. MacRae’s, “The Relation of Archaeology to the Bible” in Modern Science and Christian Faith.)
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