Esodo 32
Conferenza Episcopale Italiana
5. IL VITELLO D'ORO E L'ALLEANZA RINNOVATA
Il vitello d'oro
32 Il popolo, vedendo che Mosè tardava a scendere dalla montagna, si affollò intorno ad Aronne e gli disse: «Facci un dio che cammini alla nostra testa, perché a quel Mosè, l'uomo che ci ha fatti uscire dal paese d'Egitto, non sappiamo che cosa sia accaduto». 2 Aronne rispose loro: «Togliete i pendenti d'oro che hanno agli orecchi le vostre mogli e le vostre figlie e portateli a me». 3 Tutto il popolo tolse i pendenti che ciascuno aveva agli orecchi e li portò ad Aronne. 4 Egli li ricevette dalle loro mani e li fece fondere in una forma e ne ottenne un vitello di metallo fuso. Allora dissero: «Ecco il tuo Dio, o Israele, colui che ti ha fatto uscire dal paese d'Egitto!». 5 Ciò vedendo, Aronne costruì un altare davanti al vitello e proclamò: «Domani sarà festa in onore del Signore». 6 Il giorno dopo si alzarono presto, offrirono olocausti e presentarono sacrifici di comunione. Il popolo sedette per mangiare e bere, poi si alzò per darsi al divertimento.
Il Signore avverte Mosè
7 Allora il Signore disse a Mosè: «Và, scendi, perché il tuo popolo, che tu hai fatto uscire dal paese d'Egitto, si è pervertito. 8 Non hanno tardato ad allontanarsi dalla via che io avevo loro indicata! Si son fatti un vitello di metallo fuso, poi gli si sono prostrati dinanzi, gli hanno offerto sacrifici e hanno detto: Ecco il tuo Dio, Israele; colui che ti ha fatto uscire dal paese di Egitto».
9 Il Signore disse inoltre a Mosè: «Ho osservato questo popolo e ho visto che è un popolo dalla dura cervice. 10 Ora lascia che la mia ira si accenda contro di loro e li distrugga. Di te invece farò una grande nazione».
Preghiera di Mosè
11 Mosè allora supplicò il Signore, suo Dio, e disse: «Perché, Signore, divamperà la tua ira contro il tuo popolo, che tu hai fatto uscire dal paese d'Egitto con grande forza e con mano potente? 12 Perché dovranno dire gli Egiziani: Con malizia li ha fatti uscire, per farli perire tra le montagne e farli sparire dalla terra? Desisti dall'ardore della tua ira e abbandona il proposito di fare del male al tuo popolo. 13 Ricòrdati di Abramo, di Isacco, di Israele, tuoi servi, ai quali hai giurato per te stesso e hai detto: Renderò la vostra posterità numerosa come le stelle del cielo e tutto questo paese, di cui ho parlato, lo darò ai tuoi discendenti, che lo possederanno per sempre».
14 Il Signore abbandonò il proposito di nuocere al suo popolo.
Mosè spezza le tavole della legge
15 Mosè ritornò e scese dalla montagna con in mano le due tavole della Testimonianza, tavole scritte sui due lati, da una parte e dall'altra. 16 Le tavole erano opera di Dio, la scrittura era scrittura di Dio, scolpita sulle tavole.
17 Giosuè sentì il rumore del popolo che urlava e disse a Mosè: «C'è rumore di battaglia nell'accampamento». 18 Ma rispose Mosè:
«Non è il grido di chi canta: Vittoria!
Non è il grido di chi canta: Disfatta!
Il grido di chi canta a due cori
io sento».
19 Quando si fu avvicinato all'accampamento, vide il vitello e le danze. Allora si accese l'ira di Mosè: egli scagliò dalle mani le tavole e le spezzò ai piedi della montagna. 20 Poi afferrò il vitello che quelli avevano fatto, lo bruciò nel fuoco, lo frantumò fino a ridurlo in polvere, ne sparse la polvere nell'acqua e la fece trangugiare agli Israeliti.
21 Mosè disse ad Aronne: «Che ti ha fatto questo popolo, perché tu l'abbia gravato di un peccato così grande?». 22 Aronne rispose: «Non si accenda l'ira del mio signore; tu stesso sai che questo popolo è inclinato al male. 23 Mi dissero: Facci un dio, che cammini alla nostra testa, perché a quel Mosè, l'uomo che ci ha fatti uscire dal paese d'Egitto, non sappiamo che cosa sia capitato. 24 Allora io dissi: Chi ha dell'oro? Essi se lo sono tolto, me lo hanno dato; io l'ho gettato nel fuoco e ne è uscito questo vitello».
Zelo dei leviti
25 Mosè vide che il popolo non aveva più freno, perché Aronne gli aveva tolto ogni freno, così da farne il ludibrio dei loro avversari. 26 Mosè si pose alla porta dell'accampamento e disse: «Chi sta con il Signore, venga da me!». Gli si raccolsero intorno tutti i figli di Levi. 27 Gridò loro: «Dice il Signore, il Dio d'Israele: Ciascuno di voi tenga la spada al fianco. Passate e ripassate nell'accampamento da una porta all'altra: uccida ognuno il proprio fratello, ognuno il proprio amico, ognuno il proprio parente».
28 I figli di Levi agirono secondo il comando di Mosè e in quel giorno perirono circa tremila uomini del popolo. 29 Allora Mosè disse: «Ricevete oggi l'investitura dal Signore; ciascuno di voi è stato contro suo figlio e contro suo fratello, perché oggi Egli vi accordasse una benedizione».
Nuova preghiera di Mosè
30 Il giorno dopo Mosè disse al popolo: «Voi avete commesso un grande peccato; ora salirò verso il Signore: forse otterrò il perdono della vostra colpa».
31 Mosè ritornò dal Signore e disse: «Questo popolo ha commesso un grande peccato: si sono fatti un dio d'oro. 32 Ma ora, se tu perdonassi il loro peccato... E se no, cancellami dal tuo libro che hai scritto!».
33 Il Signore disse a Mosè: «Io cancellerò dal mio libro colui che ha peccato contro di me. 34 Ora và, conduci il popolo là dove io ti ho detto. Ecco il mio angelo ti precederà; ma nel giorno della mia visita li punirò per il loro peccato».
35 Il Signore percosse il popolo, perché aveva fatto il vitello fabbricato da Aronne.
Exodus 32
King James Version
32 And when the people saw that Moses delayed to come down out of the mount, the people gathered themselves together unto Aaron, and said unto him, Up, make us gods, which shall go before us; for as for this Moses, the man that brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is become of him.
2 And Aaron said unto them, Break off the golden earrings, which are in the ears of your wives, of your sons, and of your daughters, and bring them unto me.
3 And all the people brake off the golden earrings which were in their ears, and brought them unto Aaron.
4 And he received them at their hand, and fashioned it with a graving tool, after he had made it a molten calf: and they said, These be thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.
5 And when Aaron saw it, he built an altar before it; and Aaron made proclamation, and said, To morrow is a feast to the Lord.
6 And they rose up early on the morrow, and offered burnt offerings, and brought peace offerings; and the people sat down to eat and to drink, and rose up to play.
7 And the Lord said unto Moses, Go, get thee down; for thy people, which thou broughtest out of the land of Egypt, have corrupted themselves:
8 They have turned aside quickly out of the way which I commanded them: they have made them a molten calf, and have worshipped it, and have sacrificed thereunto, and said, These be thy gods, O Israel, which have brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.
9 And the Lord said unto Moses, I have seen this people, and, behold, it is a stiffnecked people:
10 Now therefore let me alone, that my wrath may wax hot against them, and that I may consume them: and I will make of thee a great nation.
11 And Moses besought the Lord his God, and said, Lord, why doth thy wrath wax hot against thy people, which thou hast brought forth out of the land of Egypt with great power, and with a mighty hand?
12 Wherefore should the Egyptians speak, and say, For mischief did he bring them out, to slay them in the mountains, and to consume them from the face of the earth? Turn from thy fierce wrath, and repent of this evil against thy people.
13 Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, thy servants, to whom thou swarest by thine own self, and saidst unto them, I will multiply your seed as the stars of heaven, and all this land that I have spoken of will I give unto your seed, and they shall inherit it for ever.
14 And the Lord repented of the evil which he thought to do unto his people.
15 And Moses turned, and went down from the mount, and the two tables of the testimony were in his hand: the tables were written on both their sides; on the one side and on the other were they written.
16 And the tables were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, graven upon the tables.
17 And when Joshua heard the noise of the people as they shouted, he said unto Moses, There is a noise of war in the camp.
18 And he said, It is not the voice of them that shout for mastery, neither is it the voice of them that cry for being overcome: but the noise of them that sing do I hear.
19 And it came to pass, as soon as he came nigh unto the camp, that he saw the calf, and the dancing: and Moses' anger waxed hot, and he cast the tables out of his hands, and brake them beneath the mount.
20 And he took the calf which they had made, and burnt it in the fire, and ground it to powder, and strawed it upon the water, and made the children of Israel drink of it.
21 And Moses said unto Aaron, What did this people unto thee, that thou hast brought so great a sin upon them?
22 And Aaron said, Let not the anger of my lord wax hot: thou knowest the people, that they are set on mischief.
23 For they said unto me, Make us gods, which shall go before us: for as for this Moses, the man that brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is become of him.
24 And I said unto them, Whosoever hath any gold, let them break it off. So they gave it me: then I cast it into the fire, and there came out this calf.
25 And when Moses saw that the people were naked; (for Aaron had made them naked unto their shame among their enemies:)
26 Then Moses stood in the gate of the camp, and said, Who is on the Lord's side? let him come unto me. And all the sons of Levi gathered themselves together unto him.
27 And he said unto them, Thus saith the Lord God of Israel, Put every man his sword by his side, and go in and out from gate to gate throughout the camp, and slay every man his brother, and every man his companion, and every man his neighbour.
28 And the children of Levi did according to the word of Moses: and there fell of the people that day about three thousand men.
29 For Moses had said, Consecrate yourselves today to the Lord, even every man upon his son, and upon his brother; that he may bestow upon you a blessing this day.
30 And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses said unto the people, Ye have sinned a great sin: and now I will go up unto the Lord; peradventure I shall make an atonement for your sin.
31 And Moses returned unto the Lord, and said, Oh, this people have sinned a great sin, and have made them gods of gold.
32 Yet now, if thou wilt forgive their sin--; and if not, blot me, I pray thee, out of thy book which thou hast written.
33 And the Lord said unto Moses, Whosoever hath sinned against me, him will I blot out of my book.
34 Therefore now go, lead the people unto the place of which I have spoken unto thee: behold, mine Angel shall go before thee: nevertheless in the day when I visit I will visit their sin upon them.
35 And the Lord plagued the people, because they made the calf, which Aaron made.
Exodus 32
English Standard Version
The Golden Calf
32 When the people saw that Moses (A)delayed to come down from the mountain, the people gathered themselves together to Aaron and said to him, (B)“Up, make us gods who shall (C)go before us. As for this Moses, the man who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has become of him.” 2 So Aaron said to them, “Take off the (D)rings of gold that are in the ears of your wives, your sons, and your daughters, and bring them to me.” 3 So all the people took off the rings of gold that were in their ears and brought them to Aaron. 4 (E)And he received the gold from their hand and fashioned it with a graving tool and made a golden[a] calf. And they said, (F)“These are your gods, O Israel, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt!” 5 When Aaron saw this, he built an altar before it. And Aaron (G)made a proclamation and said, “Tomorrow shall be a feast to the Lord.” 6 And they rose up early the next day and offered burnt offerings and brought peace offerings. And (H)the people sat down to eat and drink and rose up (I)to play.
7 And the Lord said to Moses, (J)“Go down, for your people, whom you brought up out of the land of Egypt, have (K)corrupted themselves. 8 They have turned aside quickly out of the way that (L)I commanded them. They have made for themselves a golden calf and have worshiped it and sacrificed to it and said, ‘These are your gods, O Israel, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt!’” 9 And the Lord said to Moses, “I have seen this people, and behold, (M)it is a stiff-necked people. 10 Now therefore (N)let me alone, that (O)my wrath may burn hot against them and (P)I may consume them, in order that (Q)I may make a great nation of you.”
11 But (R)Moses implored the Lord his God and said, “O Lord, why does your wrath burn hot against your people, whom you have brought out of the land of Egypt with great power and with a mighty hand? 12 (S)Why should the Egyptians say, ‘With evil intent did he bring them out, to kill them in the mountains and to consume them from the face of the earth’? Turn from your burning anger and (T)relent from this disaster against your people. 13 Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, your servants, to whom you (U)swore by your own self, and said to them, (V)‘I will multiply your offspring as the stars of heaven, and all this land that I have promised I will give to your offspring, and they shall inherit it forever.’” 14 And the Lord (W)relented from the disaster that he had spoken of bringing on his people.
15 Then (X)Moses turned and went down from the mountain with the (Y)two tablets of the testimony in his hand, tablets that were written on both sides; on the front and on the back they were written. 16 (Z)The tablets were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, engraved on the tablets. 17 When (AA)Joshua heard the noise of the people as they shouted, he said to Moses, “There is a noise of war in the camp.” 18 But he said, “It is not the sound of (AB)shouting for victory, or the sound of the cry of defeat, but the sound of singing that I hear.” 19 And as soon as he came near the camp and (AC)saw the calf and the dancing, Moses' anger burned hot, and he threw the tablets out of his hands and broke them at the foot of the mountain. 20 He took the calf that they had made and burned it with fire and ground it to powder and scattered it on the water and made the people of Israel drink it.
21 And Moses said to Aaron, (AD)“What did this people do to you that you have brought such a great sin upon them?” 22 And Aaron said, “Let not the anger of my lord burn hot. (AE)You know the people, that they are set on evil. 23 For (AF)they said to me, ‘Make us gods who shall go before us. As for this Moses, the man who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has become of him.’ 24 So (AG)I said to them, ‘Let any who have gold take it off.’ So they gave it to me, and I threw it into the fire, and out came this calf.”
25 And when Moses saw that the people had broken loose (for Aaron had let them break loose, (AH)to the derision of their enemies), 26 then Moses stood in the gate of the camp and said, “Who is on the Lord's side? Come to me.” And all the sons of Levi gathered around him. 27 And he said to them, “Thus says the Lord God of Israel, ‘Put your sword on your side each of you, and go to and fro from gate to gate throughout the camp, and each of you (AI)kill his brother and his companion and his neighbor.’” 28 And the sons of Levi did according to the word of Moses. And that day about three thousand men of the people fell. 29 And Moses said, “Today you have been (AJ)ordained for the service of the Lord, each one at the cost of his son and of his brother, so that he might bestow a blessing upon you this day.”
30 The next day Moses said to the people, (AK)“You have sinned a great sin. And now I will go up to the Lord; (AL)perhaps I can make atonement for your sin.” 31 So Moses returned to the Lord and said, “Alas, (AM)this people has sinned a great sin. They have (AN)made for themselves gods of gold. 32 But now, if (AO)you will forgive their sin—but if not, please (AP)blot me out of (AQ)your book that you have written.” 33 But the Lord said to Moses, (AR)“Whoever has sinned against me, I will blot out of my book. 34 (AS)But now go, lead the people to the place about which I have spoken to you; (AT)behold, my angel shall go before you. Nevertheless, in the day when I visit, I will visit their sin upon them.”
35 Then the Lord sent a plague on the people, because they made the calf, the one that Aaron made.
Footnotes
- Exodus 32:4 Hebrew cast metal; also verse 8
The ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®), © 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. ESV Text Edition: 2025.
