Esdras 4
La Bible du Semeur
L’interruption des travaux de reconstruction du Temple
4 Les ennemis de Juda et de Benjamin[a] apprirent que les anciens déportés reconstruisaient un temple à l’Eternel, le Dieu d’Israël. 2 Ils vinrent trouver Zorobabel et les chefs des groupes familiaux pour leur dire : Nous allons vous aider à reconstruire ce temple, car nous invoquons le même Dieu que vous et nous lui offrons des sacrifices depuis le temps d’Esar-Haddôn[b], roi d’Assyrie, qui nous a déportés ici.
3 Mais Zorobabel, Josué et les autres chefs des groupes familiaux d’Israël leur répondirent : Il nous appartient à nous, et pas à vous, de bâtir un temple pour notre Dieu ; nous seuls devons construire cet édifice pour l’Eternel, le Dieu d’Israël, comme l’a ordonné Cyrus, le roi de Perse.
4 Alors les gens du pays découragèrent les Judéens et les effrayèrent pour qu’ils cessent de bâtir. 5 Ils soudoyèrent des conseillers[c] pour s’opposer à eux et faire échouer leur entreprise. Ils y parvinrent durant le règne de Cyrus et jusqu’au règne de Darius, tous deux empereurs de Perse[d].
La lettre adressée à l’empereur Artaxerxès
6 Dès le début du règne de Xerxès[e], ils lui écrivirent une lettre d’accusation contre les habitants de Juda et de Jérusalem. 7 Et sous le règne d’Artaxerxès[f], Bishlâm, Mitredath, Tabéel et leurs collègues écrivirent à Artaxerxès, empereur de Perse. Le document était rédigé en langue araméenne et écrit en caractères araméens. 8 Rehoum, le gouverneur, et Shimshaï, son secrétaire, écrivirent à l’empereur Artaxerxès la lettre suivante[g] au sujet de Jérusalem :
9 « Rehoum, gouverneur, Shimshaï, secrétaire, et leurs collègues originaires de Din, d’Arpharsatak, de Tarpel, d’Apharas[h], d’Erek, de Babylone, de Suse, de Déha, d’Elam, 10 ainsi que les autres peuples que le grand et glorieux Assourbanipal[i] a déportés pour les établir dans la ville de Samarie et dans d’autres territoires à l’ouest de l’Euphrate, etc. »
11 Voici une copie de la lettre qu’ils lui envoyèrent :
« A l’empereur Artaxerxès. Tes serviteurs, les gens de la province à l’ouest du fleuve, etc. 12 Que l’empereur sache que les Juifs revenus de chez toi sont arrivés parmi nous à Jérusalem et sont en train de rebâtir la ville rebelle et perverse : ils en réparent les remparts[j] et en restaurent les fondations. 13 Que l’empereur sache que si cette ville est reconstruite et si ses remparts sont réparés, ses habitants ne paieront plus ni tribut, ni impôt, ni taxes de péage, ce qui finalement lésera le trésor royal. 14 C’est pourquoi, étant les obligés du palais impérial et pensant qu’il ne nous conviendrait pas d’être témoins du tort fait à ton honneur, nous transmettons au roi ces informations 15 afin que des recherches soient faites dans les annales de tes prédécesseurs. Tu trouveras dans ces archives et tu verras ainsi que cette ville a toujours été rebelle et nuisible aux rois et aux provinces. Depuis toujours, ses habitants n’ont cessé de provoquer des révoltes. C’est la raison pour laquelle cette ville a été détruite. 16 Nous avertissons donc l’empereur que si elle est rebâtie et si ses remparts sont restaurés, tu n’auras bientôt plus de possessions à l’ouest de l’Euphrate. »
La réponse de l’empereur
17 L’empereur fit parvenir la réponse suivante :
« A Rehoum, gouverneur, à Shimshaï, secrétaire, et au reste de leurs collègues demeurant à Samarie et dans les territoires à l’ouest du fleuve, j’adresse mes salutations, etc. 18 Le rapport que vous nous avez envoyé m’a été lu après avoir été traduit[k]. 19 Sur mon ordre, on a fait des recherches et l’on a effectivement trouvé que, depuis toujours, cette ville s’est soulevée contre les rois et qu’elle a provoqué des révoltes et des insurrections[l]. 20 Il y eut à Jérusalem des rois puissants qui étendirent leur domination sur toute la région à l’ouest du fleuve, et à qui on payait tributs, impôts et taxes de péage. 21 Prenez donc des dispositions pour ordonner à ces gens de cesser leurs travaux pour que cette ville ne soit pas rebâtie tant que je n’en aurai pas donné l’ordre. 22 Soyez sur vos gardes pour éviter toute négligence dans cette affaire, afin que les empereurs ne soient pas lésés par des dommages encore plus grands ! »
23 Dès que la copie de la lettre de l’empereur Artaxerxès eut été lue devant Rehoum, Shimshaï, son secrétaire, et leurs collègues, ceux-ci se rendirent en toute hâte à Jérusalem auprès des Judéens et les obligèrent par la violence et la force à cesser leurs travaux.
L’interruption des travaux de reconstruction du Temple (suite)
24 Dès lors[m], les travaux de restauration du temple de Dieu à Jérusalem furent interrompus ; cette interruption se prolongea jusqu’à la seconde année du règne de Darius, roi de Perse[n].
Footnotes
- 4.1 C’est-à-dire des habitants de l’ancien royaume de Samarie (voir v. 2).
- 4.2 Roi assyrien (681 à 669 av. J.-C.) qui inaugura la politique de transplantation des populations dans les régions conquises (voir 2 R 17.24-41 ; 2 Ch 33.11).
- 4.5 C’est-à-dire des fonctionnaires perses qui se chargèrent d’accuser les Juifs (voir Né 6.12-13).
- 4.5 Cyrus régna jusqu’en 530 av. J.-C., son successeur Cambyse jusqu’en 522 av. J.-C., et Darius Ier de 522 à 486 av. J.-C. Le récit s’interrompt ici pour reprendre au v. 24. Les v. 6-23 concernent une époque plus tardive. L’auteur a regroupé dans ce chapitre différentes tentatives faites par les ennemis des Juifs pour s’opposer à leurs entreprises.
- 4.6 En hébreu Assuérus (voir Est 1.1). Fils de Darius Ier, empereur de 486 à 465 av. J.-C.
- 4.7 Artaxerxès Ier (465 à 424 av. J.-C.).
- 4.8 La section qui va de 4.8 à 6.18 est en araméen dans l’original. Cette lettre semble différente de celle du v. 7, ses auteurs n’étant pas les mêmes.
- 4.9 Ces quatre mots pourraient désigner, non des localités, mais des fonctions officielles. Dans ce cas, il faudrait lire : les juges, les légats, les consuls, les fonctionnaires d’Erek…
- 4.10 En hébreu Osnappar, une variante d’Assourbanipal (668 à 626 av. J.-C.), dernier grand roi assyrien de Ninive.
- 4.12 Voir Es 58.12-14.
- 4.18 D’araméen en perse, langue que le roi était à même de comprendre.
- 4.19 Allusion aux révoltes d’Ezéchias, Yehoyaqim et Sédécias (2 R 18.7 ; 24.1, 20).
- 4.24 Reprise de la section sur les travaux de reconstruction du Temple, qui s’est arrêtée en 4.5.
- 4.24 En 520 av. J.-C.
Ezra 4
New International Version
Opposition to the Rebuilding
4 When the enemies of Judah and Benjamin heard that the exiles were building(A) a temple for the Lord, the God of Israel, 2 they came to Zerubbabel and to the heads of the families and said, “Let us help you build because, like you, we seek your God and have been sacrificing to him since the time of Esarhaddon(B) king of Assyria, who brought us here.”(C)
3 But Zerubbabel, Joshua and the rest of the heads of the families of Israel answered, “You have no part with us in building a temple to our God. We alone will build it for the Lord, the God of Israel, as King Cyrus, the king of Persia, commanded us.”(D)
4 Then the peoples around them set out to discourage the people of Judah and make them afraid to go on building.[a](E) 5 They bribed officials to work against them and frustrate their plans during the entire reign of Cyrus king of Persia and down to the reign of Darius king of Persia.
Later Opposition Under Xerxes and Artaxerxes
6 At the beginning of the reign of Xerxes,[b](F) they lodged an accusation against the people of Judah and Jerusalem.(G)
7 And in the days of Artaxerxes(H) king of Persia, Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel and the rest of his associates wrote a letter to Artaxerxes. The letter was written in Aramaic script and in the Aramaic(I) language.[c][d]
8 Rehum the commanding officer and Shimshai the secretary wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king as follows:
9 Rehum the commanding officer and Shimshai the secretary, together with the rest of their associates(J)—the judges, officials and administrators over the people from Persia, Uruk(K) and Babylon, the Elamites of Susa,(L) 10 and the other people whom the great and honorable Ashurbanipal(M) deported and settled in the city of Samaria and elsewhere in Trans-Euphrates.(N)
11 (This is a copy of the letter they sent him.)
To King Artaxerxes,
From your servants in Trans-Euphrates:
12 The king should know that the people who came up to us from you have gone to Jerusalem and are rebuilding that rebellious and wicked city. They are restoring the walls and repairing the foundations.(O)
13 Furthermore, the king should know that if this city is built and its walls are restored, no more taxes, tribute or duty(P) will be paid, and eventually the royal revenues will suffer.[e] 14 Now since we are under obligation to the palace and it is not proper for us to see the king dishonored, we are sending this message to inform the king, 15 so that a search may be made in the archives(Q) of your predecessors. In these records you will find that this city is a rebellious city, troublesome to kings and provinces, a place with a long history of sedition. That is why this city was destroyed.(R) 16 We inform the king that if this city is built and its walls are restored, you will be left with nothing in Trans-Euphrates.
17 The king sent this reply:
To Rehum the commanding officer, Shimshai the secretary and the rest of their associates living in Samaria and elsewhere in Trans-Euphrates:(S)
Greetings.
18 The letter you sent us has been read and translated in my presence. 19 I issued an order and a search was made, and it was found that this city has a long history of revolt(T) against kings and has been a place of rebellion and sedition. 20 Jerusalem has had powerful kings ruling over the whole of Trans-Euphrates,(U) and taxes, tribute and duty were paid to them. 21 Now issue an order to these men to stop work, so that this city will not be rebuilt until I so order. 22 Be careful not to neglect this matter. Why let this threat grow, to the detriment of the royal interests?(V)
23 As soon as the copy of the letter of King Artaxerxes was read to Rehum and Shimshai the secretary and their associates,(W) they went immediately to the Jews in Jerusalem and compelled them by force to stop.
24 Thus the work on the house of God in Jerusalem came to a standstill until the second year of the reign of Darius(X) king of Persia.
Ezra 4
Expanded Bible
Enemies of the Rebuilding
4 When the enemies of the people of Judah and Benjamin heard that the returned ·captives [exiles] were building a Temple for the Lord, the God of Israel, 2 they came to Zerubbabel [C a descendant of David; 1 Chr. 3:19] and the ·leaders of the families [L heads of the fathers]. The enemies said, “Let us help you build, because we are like you and ·want to worship [L seek] your God. We have been offering sacrifices to him since the time of Esarhaddon king of Assyria [C 680–669 bc], who brought us here.”
3 But Zerubbabel, Jeshua [3:2], and the ·leaders [L heads of the fathers] of Israel answered, “You will ·not help us build [have no part in building] a ·Temple [L house] to our God. We will build it ·ourselves [alone] for the Lord, the God of Israel, as King Cyrus, the king of Persia, commanded us to do [1:2–4].”
4 Then the people around them tried to discourage the people of Judah by making them afraid to build. 5 Their enemies ·hired others [bribed officials] to ·delay [frustrate] the building plans ·during [throughout] the time Cyrus was king of Persia. And it continued to the time Darius was king of Persia [C 522–486 bc].
More Problems for the Builders
6 When ·Xerxes [L Ahasuerus; C ruled 486–465 bc; Esth. 1:1] first became king, those enemies ·wrote [filed; lodged] a ·letter [L accusation] against the people of Judah and Jerusalem.
7 When Artaxerxes [C ruled about 465–425 B.C.] became king of Persia, Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel, and those with them wrote a letter to Artaxerxes. It was written in the Aramaic language and translated.
8 Rehum the ·governor [commander] and Shimshai the governor’s ·secretary [scribe] and those with them wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king. It said:
9 This letter is from Rehum the ·governor [commander], Shimshai the ·secretary [scribe], and their ·fellow workers [colleagues]—the judges and important officers over the men who came from Tripolis, Persia, Erech, and Babylon, the Elamite people of Susa, 10 and those whom the great and honorable Ashurbanipal [L Osnappar; C ruled 668–627 bc] ·forced out of their countries [deported] and settled in the city of Samaria and in other places of the Trans-Euphrates [C provinces west of the Euphrates River].
11 (This is a copy of the letter they sent to Artaxerxes.)
To King Artaxerxes.
From your servants who live in Trans-Euphrates [v. 10].
12 King Artaxerxes, you should know that the Jews who came to us from you have gone to Jerusalem to rebuild that evil ·city that refuses to obey [and rebellious city]. They are ·fixing [restoring; rebuilding; finishing] the walls and repairing the foundations of the buildings.
13 Now, King Artaxerxes, ·you should know [L let it be known] that if Jerusalem is ·built [rebuilt] and its walls are ·fixed [completed; restored], Jerusalem will not pay ·taxes of any kind [L tribute, custom, or toll]. Then the ·amount of money your government collects [king’s/royal treasury/revenue] will ·be less [suffer]. 14 Since we ·must be loyal to the government [L eat the palace’s salt], ·we don’t want [it is not proper] to see the king ·dishonored [damaged]. So we ·are writing to let the king know [L send and inform the king]. 15 ·We suggest you […so that you may] search the ·records [annals; archives] of ·the kings who ruled before you [L your fathers/ancestors]. You will find out that the city of Jerusalem ·refuses to obey [L is a rebellious city] and ·makes trouble for kings and areas controlled by Persia [troublesome for kings and provinces]. ·Since long ago it has been a place where disobedience has started [It has a long history of revolts/sedition]. That is why it was destroyed. 16 We want you to know, King Artaxerxes, that if this city is rebuilt and its walls ·fixed [completed; restored], you will be left with ·nothing [no possessions] in Trans-Euphrates [C provinces west of the Euphrates River].
17 King Artaxerxes sent this answer:
To Rehum the ·governor [commander] and Shimshai the ·secretary [scribe], to all their ·fellow workers [colleagues] living in Samaria [C northern Israel], and to those ·in other places in [throughout] Trans-Euphrates [v. 10].
·Greetings [Peace].
18 The ·letter [document] you sent to us has been translated and read ·to me [L in my presence]. 19 I ordered ·the records to be searched [L a search], and it was done. We found that ·Jerusalem [L the city] has a history of ·disobedience to [rising against] kings and has been a place of ·problems and trouble [rebellion and revolt/sedition]. 20 Jerusalem has had powerful kings who have ruled over the whole area of Trans-Euphrates [v. 10], and ·taxes of all kinds [L tribute, custom, and toll] have been paid to them. 21 Now, ·give an order [issue a decree] for those men to stop work. The city of Jerusalem will not be rebuilt until I ·say so [issue a decree]. 22 ·Make sure you do this [Do not neglect this matter], ·because if they continue, it will hurt the government [—why should the danger/damage grow and harm the king?].
23 As soon as a copy of the ·letter [document] that King Artaxerxes sent was read to Rehum and Shimshai the ·secretary [scribe] and ·the others [their colleagues], they went to the Jews in Jerusalem and ·forced them [or compelled them by force of arms] to stop building.
24 So the work on the ·Temple [L house] of God in Jerusalem ·stopped [came to a standstill] until the second year Darius was king of Persia.
Ezra 4
King James Version
4 Now when the adversaries of Judah and Benjamin heard that the children of the captivity builded the temple unto the Lord God of Israel;
2 Then they came to Zerubbabel, and to the chief of the fathers, and said unto them, Let us build with you: for we seek your God, as ye do; and we do sacrifice unto him since the days of Esarhaddon king of Assur, which brought us up hither.
3 But Zerubbabel, and Jeshua, and the rest of the chief of the fathers of Israel, said unto them, Ye have nothing to do with us to build an house unto our God; but we ourselves together will build unto the Lord God of Israel, as king Cyrus the king of Persia hath commanded us.
4 Then the people of the land weakened the hands of the people of Judah, and troubled them in building,
5 And hired counsellors against them, to frustrate their purpose, all the days of Cyrus king of Persia, even until the reign of Darius king of Persia.
6 And in the reign of Ahasuerus, in the beginning of his reign, wrote they unto him an accusation against the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem.
7 And in the days of Artaxerxes wrote Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel, and the rest of their companions, unto Artaxerxes king of Persia; and the writing of the letter was written in the Syrian tongue, and interpreted in the Syrian tongue.
8 Rehum the chancellor and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king in this sort:
9 Then wrote Rehum the chancellor, and Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their companions; the Dinaites, the Apharsathchites, the Tarpelites, the Apharsites, the Archevites, the Babylonians, the Susanchites, the Dehavites, and the Elamites,
10 And the rest of the nations whom the great and noble Asnapper brought over, and set in the cities of Samaria, and the rest that are on this side the river, and at such a time.
11 This is the copy of the letter that they sent unto him, even unto Artaxerxes the king; Thy servants the men on this side the river, and at such a time.
12 Be it known unto the king, that the Jews which came up from thee to us are come unto Jerusalem, building the rebellious and the bad city, and have set up the walls thereof, and joined the foundations.
13 Be it known now unto the king, that, if this city be builded, and the walls set up again, then will they not pay toll, tribute, and custom, and so thou shalt endamage the revenue of the kings.
14 Now because we have maintenance from the king's palace, and it was not meet for us to see the king's dishonour, therefore have we sent and certified the king;
15 That search may be made in the book of the records of thy fathers: so shalt thou find in the book of the records, and know that this city is a rebellious city, and hurtful unto kings and provinces, and that they have moved sedition within the same of old time: for which cause was this city destroyed.
16 We certify the king that, if this city be builded again, and the walls thereof set up, by this means thou shalt have no portion on this side the river.
17 Then sent the king an answer unto Rehum the chancellor, and to Shimshai the scribe, and to the rest of their companions that dwell in Samaria, and unto the rest beyond the river, Peace, and at such a time.
18 The letter which ye sent unto us hath been plainly read before me.
19 And I commanded, and search hath been made, and it is found that this city of old time hath made insurrection against kings, and that rebellion and sedition have been made therein.
20 There have been mighty kings also over Jerusalem, which have ruled over all countries beyond the river; and toll, tribute, and custom, was paid unto them.
21 Give ye now commandment to cause these men to cease, and that this city be not builded, until another commandment shall be given from me.
22 Take heed now that ye fail not to do this: why should damage grow to the hurt of the kings?
23 Now when the copy of king Artaxerxes' letter was read before Rehum, and Shimshai the scribe, and their companions, they went up in haste to Jerusalem unto the Jews, and made them to cease by force and power.
24 Then ceased the work of the house of God which is at Jerusalem. So it ceased unto the second year of the reign of Darius king of Persia.
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