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Los enemigos se oponen a la reconstrucción

Los enemigos de los judíos se dieron cuenta de que éstos habían regresado del exilio[a] en Babilonia y estaban reconstruyendo el templo de su Dios. Así que fueron a ver a Zorobabel y a los jefes judíos, y les dijeron:

—Déjennos ayudarlos a reconstruir el templo de Dios. Nosotros adoramos al mismo Dios que ustedes. Desde que el rey Esarhadón de Asiria nos trajo a vivir aquí, hemos estado presentando ofrendas a Dios.

Pero Zorobabel, Josué y los otros jefes judíos contestaron:

—No podemos aceptar la ayuda de ustedes. Sólo nosotros podemos reconstruir el templo de nuestro Dios, porque así nos lo ordenó el rey Ciro de Persia.

Entonces la gente que vivía allí trataba de desanimar a los judíos y meterles miedo para que no reconstruyeran el templo. Además, les pagaron a algunos asistentes del gobierno para que no los dejaran continuar con la reconstrucción. Esto sucedió durante los reinados de Ciro y de Darío, reyes de Persia.

Cuando comenzó a reinar Asuero, el nuevo rey de Persia, los enemigos de los judíos le presentaron una acusación contra ellos. Tiempo después hubo otro rey, llamado Artajerjes. Al principio de su reinado, Bislam, Mitrídates, Tabeel y sus demás compañeros le escribieron una carta en arameo que fue traducida al persa.

8-11 El comandante Rehúm y el secretario Simsai también le escribieron al rey Artajerjes una carta en contra de los judíos. La firmaron los gobernadores, los jueces y los consejeros de Persia, Érec, Babilonia y Susa. También la firmaron los asistentes de las naciones que habían sido expulsadas de sus territorios por el famoso y gran rey Asnapar. Esas naciones ahora vivían en las ciudades de Samaria y en el resto de la provincia al oeste del río Éufrates. La carta decía:

12 «Reciba usted, gran rey Artajerjes, un saludo de nosotros, sus servidores. Queremos informarle que los judíos que salieron de Babilonia y volvieron a Jerusalén, están reconstruyendo esa ciudad rebelde y malvada. Ya han comenzado a reparar los cimientos y a levantar los muros de protección. 13 También le hacemos saber que cuando ellos terminen de reparar esos muros y la ciudad esté reconstruida, no van a querer pagar ninguna clase de impuestos, y el tesoro del reino sufrirá pérdidas. 14 Nosotros estamos al servicio de Su Majestad, y no podemos permitir que lo ofendan de esta manera. Por eso le enviamos esta información, 15 para que usted mande a revisar los archivos del palacio. Allí encontrará que esa ciudad es rebelde y peligrosa para los reyes y sus provincias. Comprobará que ya en otros tiempos se habían organizado en ella rebeliones, y que por eso fue destruida. 16 Queremos que Su Majestad sepa que si se reconstruye esa ciudad y se terminan de reparar sus muros, usted ya no tendrá dominio sobre la provincia que está al oeste del río Éufrates».

17 El rey les envió esta respuesta:

«Saludos del Rey al comandante Rehúm, al secretario Simsai, y a todos sus compañeros que viven en Samaria y en el resto de la provincia al oeste del río Éufrates. 18 He leído la traducción de la carta que ustedes me enviaron, 19 y ordené que se hiciera una investigación. Hemos encontrado que esa ciudad ya se había rebelado antes contra otros reyes, y que en ella siempre ha habido alborotos. 20 También se comprobó que hubo en Jerusalén reyes poderosos que dominaron en la provincia al oeste del río Éufrates, a quienes se les pagaban toda clase de impuestos. 21 Por lo tanto, ordeno detener la reconstrucción de la ciudad hasta que reciban órdenes mías. 22 Hagan cumplir esta orden enseguida, para que no se perjudique más el reino».

23 Tan pronto como Rehúm, el secretario Simsai y sus compañeros leyeron la carta del rey Artajerjes, fueron rápidamente a Jerusalén y obligaron a los judíos a detener los trabajos. 24 Así que la reconstrucción del templo de Dios quedó suspendida hasta el segundo año del reinado de Darío, rey de Persia.

Footnotes

  1. Esdras 4:1 Exilio: En este caso, referencia al tiempo en que los israelitas fueron derrotados por Nabucodonosor, rey de Babilonia, y llevados prisioneros a ese país. Este exilio terminó cuando Ciro, rey de Persia, conquistó Babilonia y permitió el regreso de los israelitas a su tierra.

Oposición samaritana

Cuando los enemigos del pueblo de Judá y de Benjamín se enteraron de que los repatriados estaban reconstruyendo el templo del Señor, Dios de Israel, se presentaron ante Zorobabel y ante los jefes de familia y les dijeron:

—Permítannos participar en la reconstrucción, pues nosotros, al igual que ustedes, hemos buscado a su Dios y le hemos ofrecido holocaustos desde el día en que Esarjadón, rey de Asiria, nos trajo acá.

Pero Zorobabel, Jesúa y los demás jefes de las familias de Israel les respondieron:

—No podemos permitir que ustedes se unan a nosotros en la reconstrucción del templo de nuestro Dios. Nosotros solos nos encargaremos de reedificar el templo para el Señor, Dios de Israel, tal como lo decretó Ciro, rey de Persia.

Entonces los habitantes de la región comenzaron a desanimar e intimidar a los de Judá para que abandonaran la reconstrucción. Y hasta llegaron a sobornar a algunos de los consejeros para impedirles llevar a cabo sus planes. Esto sucedió durante todo el reinado de Ciro, rey de Persia, y hasta el reinado de Darío, que también fue rey de Persia.

La oposición de los reinos de Asuero y Artajerjes

También al comienzo del reinado de Asuero,[a] aquellos enemigos enviaron una carta en la cual acusaban a los habitantes de Judá y de Jerusalén.

Luego, cuando Artajerjes llegó a ser rey de Persia, también a él Bislán, Mitrídates, Tabel y sus demás compañeros le escribieron una carta, que fue traducida al arameo.

Además, el comandante Rejún y el cronista Simsay enviaron a Artajerjes una carta en contra de los habitantes de Jerusalén. La carta decía:

El comandante Rejún y el cronista Simsay escriben esta carta, junto con sus compañeros los jueces, gobernadores y funcionarios de Persia, Érec, Babilonia y Susa (es decir, Elam). 10 Esta carta la suscriben también las demás naciones que el grande y noble Asnapar llevó cautivas y estableció en la ciudad de Samaria y en las otras provincias al oeste del río Éufrates.

11 Esta es una copia de la carta que enviaron:

Al rey Artajerjes,

de parte de sus siervos que habitan al oeste del río Éufrates:

12 Sepa Su Majestad que los judíos enviados por usted han llegado a Jerusalén y están reconstruyendo esa ciudad rebelde y mala. Ya están echados los cimientos.

13 Sepa también Su Majestad que, si esta gente reconstruye la ciudad y termina la muralla, sus habitantes se rebelarán y no pagarán tributos, ni impuestos ni contribución alguna, lo cual sería perjudicial para el tesoro real. 14 Como nosotros somos sus vasallos,[b] no podemos permitir que deshonre a Su Majestad. Por eso enviamos esta denuncia. 15 Pida usted que se investigue en los archivos donde están las crónicas de los reyes que lo han precedido. Así comprobará que esta ciudad ha sido rebelde y nociva para los reyes y las provincias, que fue destruida porque hace ya mucho tiempo allí se fraguaron sediciones. 16 Por eso le advertimos al rey que, si esa ciudad es reconstruida y la muralla levantada, perderá el dominio de la región al oeste del Éufrates.

17 En respuesta, el rey escribió:

Al comandante Rejún, al cronista Simsay y al resto de sus compañeros que viven en Samaria y en las otras regiones al oeste del río Éufrates:

Saludos.

18 La carta que ustedes enviaron ha sido traducida y leída en mi presencia. 19 Di orden de investigar en los archivos y, en efecto, se encontró que anteriormente en dicha ciudad se fraguaron sediciones y se tramaron rebeliones contra los reyes; 20 que en Jerusalén hubo reyes poderosos, gobernantes de toda la región al oeste del río Éufrates, a quienes se les pagaban impuestos, tributos y rentas. 21 Por eso, ordénenles a esos hombres que cesen sus labores, que suspendan la reconstrucción de la ciudad, hasta que yo promulgue un nuevo edicto. 22 Sean diligentes en hacer cumplir esta orden, para que no crezca la amenaza de perjuicio a los intereses reales.

23 En cuanto la carta del rey Artajerjes se leyó en presencia de Rejún, del cronista Simsay y de sus compañeros, todos ellos fueron a Jerusalén y, por la fuerza de las armas, obligaron a los judíos a detener la obra.

24 De este modo, el trabajo de reconstrucción del templo de Dios en Jerusalén quedó suspendido hasta el año segundo del reinado de Darío, rey de Persia.

Footnotes

  1. 4:6 Asuero. Variante hebrea de Jerjes, nombre persa.
  2. 4:14 somos sus vasallos. Lit. comemos la sal del palacio.

Opposition to the Rebuilding

When the enemies of Judah and Benjamin heard that the exiles were building(A) a temple for the Lord, the God of Israel, they came to Zerubbabel and to the heads of the families and said, “Let us help you build because, like you, we seek your God and have been sacrificing to him since the time of Esarhaddon(B) king of Assyria, who brought us here.”(C)

But Zerubbabel, Joshua and the rest of the heads of the families of Israel answered, “You have no part with us in building a temple to our God. We alone will build it for the Lord, the God of Israel, as King Cyrus, the king of Persia, commanded us.”(D)

Then the peoples around them set out to discourage the people of Judah and make them afraid to go on building.[a](E) They bribed officials to work against them and frustrate their plans during the entire reign of Cyrus king of Persia and down to the reign of Darius king of Persia.

Later Opposition Under Xerxes and Artaxerxes

At the beginning of the reign of Xerxes,[b](F) they lodged an accusation against the people of Judah and Jerusalem.(G)

And in the days of Artaxerxes(H) king of Persia, Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel and the rest of his associates wrote a letter to Artaxerxes. The letter was written in Aramaic script and in the Aramaic(I) language.[c][d]

Rehum the commanding officer and Shimshai the secretary wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king as follows:

Rehum the commanding officer and Shimshai the secretary, together with the rest of their associates(J)—the judges, officials and administrators over the people from Persia, Uruk(K) and Babylon, the Elamites of Susa,(L) 10 and the other people whom the great and honorable Ashurbanipal(M) deported and settled in the city of Samaria and elsewhere in Trans-Euphrates.(N)

11 (This is a copy of the letter they sent him.)

To King Artaxerxes,

From your servants in Trans-Euphrates:

12 The king should know that the people who came up to us from you have gone to Jerusalem and are rebuilding that rebellious and wicked city. They are restoring the walls and repairing the foundations.(O)

13 Furthermore, the king should know that if this city is built and its walls are restored, no more taxes, tribute or duty(P) will be paid, and eventually the royal revenues will suffer.[e] 14 Now since we are under obligation to the palace and it is not proper for us to see the king dishonored, we are sending this message to inform the king, 15 so that a search may be made in the archives(Q) of your predecessors. In these records you will find that this city is a rebellious city, troublesome to kings and provinces, a place with a long history of sedition. That is why this city was destroyed.(R) 16 We inform the king that if this city is built and its walls are restored, you will be left with nothing in Trans-Euphrates.

17 The king sent this reply:

To Rehum the commanding officer, Shimshai the secretary and the rest of their associates living in Samaria and elsewhere in Trans-Euphrates:(S)

Greetings.

18 The letter you sent us has been read and translated in my presence. 19 I issued an order and a search was made, and it was found that this city has a long history of revolt(T) against kings and has been a place of rebellion and sedition. 20 Jerusalem has had powerful kings ruling over the whole of Trans-Euphrates,(U) and taxes, tribute and duty were paid to them. 21 Now issue an order to these men to stop work, so that this city will not be rebuilt until I so order. 22 Be careful not to neglect this matter. Why let this threat grow, to the detriment of the royal interests?(V)

23 As soon as the copy of the letter of King Artaxerxes was read to Rehum and Shimshai the secretary and their associates,(W) they went immediately to the Jews in Jerusalem and compelled them by force to stop.

24 Thus the work on the house of God in Jerusalem came to a standstill until the second year of the reign of Darius(X) king of Persia.

Footnotes

  1. Ezra 4:4 Or and troubled them as they built
  2. Ezra 4:6 Hebrew Ahasuerus
  3. Ezra 4:7 Or written in Aramaic and translated
  4. Ezra 4:7 The text of 4:8–6:18 is in Aramaic.
  5. Ezra 4:13 The meaning of the Aramaic for this clause is uncertain.

Now when the adversaries of Judah and Benjamin heard that the children of the captivity were building a temple to Yahweh, the God of Israel, they came near to Zerubbabel, and to the heads of fathers’ households, and said to them, “Let us build with you, for we seek your God as you do; and we have been sacrificing to him since the days of Esar Haddon king of Assyria, who brought us up here.”

But Zerubbabel, Jeshua, and the rest of the heads of fathers’ households of Israel said to them, “You have nothing to do with us in building a house to our God; but we ourselves together will build to Yahweh, the God of Israel, as King Cyrus the king of Persia has commanded us.”

Then the people of the land weakened the hands of the people of Judah, and troubled them in building. They hired counselors against them to frustrate their purpose all the days of Cyrus king of Persia, even until the reign of Darius king of Persia. In the reign of Ahasuerus, in the beginning of his reign, they wrote an accusation against the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem.

In the days of Artaxerxes, Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel, and the rest of his companions wrote to Artaxerxes king of Persia; and the writing of the letter was written in Syrian and delivered in the Syrian language. Rehum the chancellor and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king as follows. Then Rehum the chancellor, Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their companions, the Dinaites, and the Apharsathchites, the Tarpelites, the Apharsites, the Archevites, the Babylonians, the Shushanchites, the Dehaites, the Elamites, 10 and the rest of the nations whom the great and noble Osnappar brought over and settled in the city of Samaria, and in the rest of the country beyond the River, and so forth, wrote.

11 This is the copy of the letter that they sent:

To King Artaxerxes, from your servants, the people beyond the River.

12 Be it known to the king that the Jews who came up from you have come to us to Jerusalem. They are building the rebellious and bad city, and have finished the walls and repaired the foundations. 13 Be it known now to the king that if this city is built and the walls finished, they will not pay tribute, custom, or toll, and in the end it will be hurtful to the kings. 14 Now because we eat the salt of the palace and it is not appropriate for us to see the king’s dishonor, therefore we have sent and informed the king, 15 that search may be made in the book of the records of your fathers. You will see in the book of the records, and know that this city is a rebellious city, and hurtful to kings and provinces, and that they have started rebellions within it in the past. That is why this city was destroyed. 16 We inform the king that if this city is built and the walls finished, then you will have no possession beyond the River.

17 Then the king sent an answer to Rehum the chancellor, and to Shimshai the scribe, and to the rest of their companions who live in Samaria, and in the rest of the country beyond the River:

Peace.

18 The letter which you sent to us has been plainly read before me. 19 I decreed, and search has been made, and it was found that this city has made insurrection against kings in the past, and that rebellion and revolts have been made in it. 20 There have also been mighty kings over Jerusalem who have ruled over all the country beyond the River; and tribute, custom, and toll was paid to them. 21 Make a decree now to cause these men to cease, and that this city not be built until a decree is made by me. 22 Be careful that you not be slack doing so. Why should damage grow to the hurt of the kings?

23 Then when the copy of King Artaxerxes’ letter was read before Rehum, Shimshai the scribe, and their companions, they went in haste to Jerusalem to the Jews, and made them to cease by force of arms. 24 Then work stopped on God’s house which is at Jerusalem. It stopped until the second year of the reign of Darius king of Persia.

Now when the adversaries of Judah and Benjamin heard that the children of the captivity builded the temple unto the Lord God of Israel;

Then they came to Zerubbabel, and to the chief of the fathers, and said unto them, Let us build with you: for we seek your God, as ye do; and we do sacrifice unto him since the days of Esarhaddon king of Assur, which brought us up hither.

But Zerubbabel, and Jeshua, and the rest of the chief of the fathers of Israel, said unto them, Ye have nothing to do with us to build an house unto our God; but we ourselves together will build unto the Lord God of Israel, as king Cyrus the king of Persia hath commanded us.

Then the people of the land weakened the hands of the people of Judah, and troubled them in building,

And hired counsellors against them, to frustrate their purpose, all the days of Cyrus king of Persia, even until the reign of Darius king of Persia.

And in the reign of Ahasuerus, in the beginning of his reign, wrote they unto him an accusation against the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem.

And in the days of Artaxerxes wrote Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel, and the rest of their companions, unto Artaxerxes king of Persia; and the writing of the letter was written in the Syrian tongue, and interpreted in the Syrian tongue.

Rehum the chancellor and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king in this sort:

Then wrote Rehum the chancellor, and Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their companions; the Dinaites, the Apharsathchites, the Tarpelites, the Apharsites, the Archevites, the Babylonians, the Susanchites, the Dehavites, and the Elamites,

10 And the rest of the nations whom the great and noble Asnapper brought over, and set in the cities of Samaria, and the rest that are on this side the river, and at such a time.

11 This is the copy of the letter that they sent unto him, even unto Artaxerxes the king; Thy servants the men on this side the river, and at such a time.

12 Be it known unto the king, that the Jews which came up from thee to us are come unto Jerusalem, building the rebellious and the bad city, and have set up the walls thereof, and joined the foundations.

13 Be it known now unto the king, that, if this city be builded, and the walls set up again, then will they not pay toll, tribute, and custom, and so thou shalt endamage the revenue of the kings.

14 Now because we have maintenance from the king's palace, and it was not meet for us to see the king's dishonour, therefore have we sent and certified the king;

15 That search may be made in the book of the records of thy fathers: so shalt thou find in the book of the records, and know that this city is a rebellious city, and hurtful unto kings and provinces, and that they have moved sedition within the same of old time: for which cause was this city destroyed.

16 We certify the king that, if this city be builded again, and the walls thereof set up, by this means thou shalt have no portion on this side the river.

17 Then sent the king an answer unto Rehum the chancellor, and to Shimshai the scribe, and to the rest of their companions that dwell in Samaria, and unto the rest beyond the river, Peace, and at such a time.

18 The letter which ye sent unto us hath been plainly read before me.

19 And I commanded, and search hath been made, and it is found that this city of old time hath made insurrection against kings, and that rebellion and sedition have been made therein.

20 There have been mighty kings also over Jerusalem, which have ruled over all countries beyond the river; and toll, tribute, and custom, was paid unto them.

21 Give ye now commandment to cause these men to cease, and that this city be not builded, until another commandment shall be given from me.

22 Take heed now that ye fail not to do this: why should damage grow to the hurt of the kings?

23 Now when the copy of king Artaxerxes' letter was read before Rehum, and Shimshai the scribe, and their companions, they went up in haste to Jerusalem unto the Jews, and made them to cease by force and power.

24 Then ceased the work of the house of God which is at Jerusalem. So it ceased unto the second year of the reign of Darius king of Persia.