Esdras 4
La Bible du Semeur
L’interruption des travaux de reconstruction du Temple
4 Les ennemis de Juda et de Benjamin[a] apprirent que les anciens déportés reconstruisaient un temple à l’Eternel, le Dieu d’Israël. 2 Ils vinrent trouver Zorobabel et les chefs des groupes familiaux pour leur dire : Nous allons vous aider à reconstruire ce temple, car nous invoquons le même Dieu que vous et nous lui offrons des sacrifices depuis le temps d’Esar-Haddôn[b], roi d’Assyrie, qui nous a déportés ici.
3 Mais Zorobabel, Josué et les autres chefs des groupes familiaux d’Israël leur répondirent : Il nous appartient à nous, et pas à vous, de bâtir un temple pour notre Dieu ; nous seuls devons construire cet édifice pour l’Eternel, le Dieu d’Israël, comme l’a ordonné Cyrus, le roi de Perse.
4 Alors les gens du pays découragèrent les Judéens et les effrayèrent pour qu’ils cessent de bâtir. 5 Ils soudoyèrent des conseillers[c] pour s’opposer à eux et faire échouer leur entreprise. Ils y parvinrent durant le règne de Cyrus et jusqu’au règne de Darius, tous deux empereurs de Perse[d].
La lettre adressée à l’empereur Artaxerxès
6 Dès le début du règne de Xerxès[e], ils lui écrivirent une lettre d’accusation contre les habitants de Juda et de Jérusalem. 7 Et sous le règne d’Artaxerxès[f], Bishlâm, Mitredath, Tabéel et leurs collègues écrivirent à Artaxerxès, empereur de Perse. Le document était rédigé en langue araméenne et écrit en caractères araméens. 8 Rehoum, le gouverneur, et Shimshaï, son secrétaire, écrivirent à l’empereur Artaxerxès la lettre suivante[g] au sujet de Jérusalem :
9 « Rehoum, gouverneur, Shimshaï, secrétaire, et leurs collègues originaires de Din, d’Arpharsatak, de Tarpel, d’Apharas[h], d’Erek, de Babylone, de Suse, de Déha, d’Elam, 10 ainsi que les autres peuples que le grand et glorieux Assourbanipal[i] a déportés pour les établir dans la ville de Samarie et dans d’autres territoires à l’ouest de l’Euphrate, etc. »
11 Voici une copie de la lettre qu’ils lui envoyèrent :
« A l’empereur Artaxerxès. Tes serviteurs, les gens de la province à l’ouest du fleuve, etc. 12 Que l’empereur sache que les Juifs revenus de chez toi sont arrivés parmi nous à Jérusalem et sont en train de rebâtir la ville rebelle et perverse : ils en réparent les remparts[j] et en restaurent les fondations. 13 Que l’empereur sache que si cette ville est reconstruite et si ses remparts sont réparés, ses habitants ne paieront plus ni tribut, ni impôt, ni taxes de péage, ce qui finalement lésera le trésor royal. 14 C’est pourquoi, étant les obligés du palais impérial et pensant qu’il ne nous conviendrait pas d’être témoins du tort fait à ton honneur, nous transmettons au roi ces informations 15 afin que des recherches soient faites dans les annales de tes prédécesseurs. Tu trouveras dans ces archives et tu verras ainsi que cette ville a toujours été rebelle et nuisible aux rois et aux provinces. Depuis toujours, ses habitants n’ont cessé de provoquer des révoltes. C’est la raison pour laquelle cette ville a été détruite. 16 Nous avertissons donc l’empereur que si elle est rebâtie et si ses remparts sont restaurés, tu n’auras bientôt plus de possessions à l’ouest de l’Euphrate. »
La réponse de l’empereur
17 L’empereur fit parvenir la réponse suivante :
« A Rehoum, gouverneur, à Shimshaï, secrétaire, et au reste de leurs collègues demeurant à Samarie et dans les territoires à l’ouest du fleuve, j’adresse mes salutations, etc. 18 Le rapport que vous nous avez envoyé m’a été lu après avoir été traduit[k]. 19 Sur mon ordre, on a fait des recherches et l’on a effectivement trouvé que, depuis toujours, cette ville s’est soulevée contre les rois et qu’elle a provoqué des révoltes et des insurrections[l]. 20 Il y eut à Jérusalem des rois puissants qui étendirent leur domination sur toute la région à l’ouest du fleuve, et à qui on payait tributs, impôts et taxes de péage. 21 Prenez donc des dispositions pour ordonner à ces gens de cesser leurs travaux pour que cette ville ne soit pas rebâtie tant que je n’en aurai pas donné l’ordre. 22 Soyez sur vos gardes pour éviter toute négligence dans cette affaire, afin que les empereurs ne soient pas lésés par des dommages encore plus grands ! »
23 Dès que la copie de la lettre de l’empereur Artaxerxès eut été lue devant Rehoum, Shimshaï, son secrétaire, et leurs collègues, ceux-ci se rendirent en toute hâte à Jérusalem auprès des Judéens et les obligèrent par la violence et la force à cesser leurs travaux.
L’interruption des travaux de reconstruction du Temple (suite)
24 Dès lors[m], les travaux de restauration du temple de Dieu à Jérusalem furent interrompus ; cette interruption se prolongea jusqu’à la seconde année du règne de Darius, roi de Perse[n].
Footnotes
- 4.1 C’est-à-dire des habitants de l’ancien royaume de Samarie (voir v. 2).
- 4.2 Roi assyrien (681 à 669 av. J.-C.) qui inaugura la politique de transplantation des populations dans les régions conquises (voir 2 R 17.24-41 ; 2 Ch 33.11).
- 4.5 C’est-à-dire des fonctionnaires perses qui se chargèrent d’accuser les Juifs (voir Né 6.12-13).
- 4.5 Cyrus régna jusqu’en 530 av. J.-C., son successeur Cambyse jusqu’en 522 av. J.-C., et Darius Ier de 522 à 486 av. J.-C. Le récit s’interrompt ici pour reprendre au v. 24. Les v. 6-23 concernent une époque plus tardive. L’auteur a regroupé dans ce chapitre différentes tentatives faites par les ennemis des Juifs pour s’opposer à leurs entreprises.
- 4.6 En hébreu Assuérus (voir Est 1.1). Fils de Darius Ier, empereur de 486 à 465 av. J.-C.
- 4.7 Artaxerxès Ier (465 à 424 av. J.-C.).
- 4.8 La section qui va de 4.8 à 6.18 est en araméen dans l’original. Cette lettre semble différente de celle du v. 7, ses auteurs n’étant pas les mêmes.
- 4.9 Ces quatre mots pourraient désigner, non des localités, mais des fonctions officielles. Dans ce cas, il faudrait lire : les juges, les légats, les consuls, les fonctionnaires d’Erek…
- 4.10 En hébreu Osnappar, une variante d’Assourbanipal (668 à 626 av. J.-C.), dernier grand roi assyrien de Ninive.
- 4.12 Voir Es 58.12-14.
- 4.18 D’araméen en perse, langue que le roi était à même de comprendre.
- 4.19 Allusion aux révoltes d’Ezéchias, Yehoyaqim et Sédécias (2 R 18.7 ; 24.1, 20).
- 4.24 Reprise de la section sur les travaux de reconstruction du Temple, qui s’est arrêtée en 4.5.
- 4.24 En 520 av. J.-C.
Ezra 4
New King James Version
Resistance to Rebuilding the Temple
4 Now when (A)the [a]adversaries of Judah and Benjamin heard that the descendants of the captivity were building the temple of the Lord God of Israel, 2 they came to Zerubbabel and the heads of the fathers’ houses, and said to them, “Let us build with you, for we seek your God as you do; and we have sacrificed to Him (B)since the days of Esarhaddon king of Assyria, who brought us here.” 3 But Zerubbabel and Jeshua and the rest of the heads of the fathers’ houses of Israel said to them, (C)“You may do nothing with us to build a [b]house for our God; but we alone will build to the Lord God of Israel, as (D)King Cyrus the king of Persia has commanded us.” 4 Then (E)the people of the land tried to discourage the people of Judah. They troubled them in building, 5 and hired counselors against them to frustrate their purpose all the days of Cyrus king of Persia, even until the reign of (F)Darius king of Persia.
Rebuilding of Jerusalem Opposed
6 In the reign of Ahasuerus, in the beginning of his reign, they wrote an accusation against the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem.
7 In the days of (G)Artaxerxes also, [c]Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabel, and the rest of their companions wrote to Artaxerxes king of Persia; and the letter was written in (H)Aramaic script, and translated into the Aramaic language. 8 [d]Rehum the commander and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against Jerusalem to King Artaxerxes in this fashion:
9 [e]From Rehum the commander, Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their companions—representatives of (I)the Dinaites, the Apharsathchites, the Tarpelites, the people of Persia and Erech and Babylon and [f]Shushan, the Dehavites, the Elamites, 10 (J)and the rest of the nations whom the great and noble Osnapper took captive and settled in the cities of Samaria and the remainder beyond [g]the River—(K)and[h] so forth.
11 (This is a copy of the letter that they sent him.)
To King Artaxerxes from your servants, the men of the region beyond the River, [i]and so forth:
12 Let it be known to the king that the Jews who came up from you have come to us at Jerusalem, and are building the (L)rebellious and evil city, and are finishing its (M)walls and repairing the foundations. 13 Let it now be known to the king that, if this city is built and the walls completed, they will not pay (N)tax, tribute, or custom, and the king’s treasury will be diminished. 14 Now because we receive support from the palace, it was not proper for us to see the king’s dishonor; therefore we have sent and informed the king, 15 that search may be made in the book of the records of your fathers. And you will find in the book of the records and know that this city is a rebellious city, harmful to kings and provinces, and that they have incited sedition within the city in former times, for which cause this city was destroyed.
16 We inform the king that if this city is rebuilt and its walls are completed, the result will be that you will have no dominion beyond the River.
17 The king sent an answer:
To Rehum the commander, to Shimshai the scribe, to the rest of their companions who dwell in Samaria, and to the remainder beyond the River:
Peace, [j]and so forth.
18 The letter which you sent to us has been clearly read before me. 19 And [k]I gave the command, and a search has been made, and it was found that this city in former times has revolted against kings, and rebellion and sedition have been fostered in it. 20 There have also been mighty kings over Jerusalem, who have (O)ruled over all the region (P)beyond the River; and tax, tribute, and custom were paid to them. 21 Now [l]give the command to make these men cease, that this city may not be built until the command is given by me.
22 Take heed now that you do not fail to do this. Why should damage increase to the hurt of the kings?
23 Now when the copy of King Artaxerxes’ letter was read before Rehum, Shimshai the scribe, and their companions, they went up in haste to Jerusalem against the Jews, and by force of arms made them cease. 24 Thus the work of the house of God which is at Jerusalem ceased, and it was discontinued until the second year of the reign of Darius king of Persia.
Footnotes
- Ezra 4:1 enemies
- Ezra 4:3 Temple
- Ezra 4:7 Or in peace
- Ezra 4:8 The original language of Ezra 4:8 through 6:18 is Aramaic.
- Ezra 4:9 Lit. Then
- Ezra 4:9 Or Susa
- Ezra 4:10 The Euphrates
- Ezra 4:10 Lit. and now
- Ezra 4:11 Lit. and now
- Ezra 4:17 Lit. and now
- Ezra 4:19 Lit. by me a decree has been put forth
- Ezra 4:21 put forth a decree
Ezra 4
King James Version
4 Now when the adversaries of Judah and Benjamin heard that the children of the captivity builded the temple unto the Lord God of Israel;
2 Then they came to Zerubbabel, and to the chief of the fathers, and said unto them, Let us build with you: for we seek your God, as ye do; and we do sacrifice unto him since the days of Esarhaddon king of Assur, which brought us up hither.
3 But Zerubbabel, and Jeshua, and the rest of the chief of the fathers of Israel, said unto them, Ye have nothing to do with us to build an house unto our God; but we ourselves together will build unto the Lord God of Israel, as king Cyrus the king of Persia hath commanded us.
4 Then the people of the land weakened the hands of the people of Judah, and troubled them in building,
5 And hired counsellors against them, to frustrate their purpose, all the days of Cyrus king of Persia, even until the reign of Darius king of Persia.
6 And in the reign of Ahasuerus, in the beginning of his reign, wrote they unto him an accusation against the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem.
7 And in the days of Artaxerxes wrote Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel, and the rest of their companions, unto Artaxerxes king of Persia; and the writing of the letter was written in the Syrian tongue, and interpreted in the Syrian tongue.
8 Rehum the chancellor and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king in this sort:
9 Then wrote Rehum the chancellor, and Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their companions; the Dinaites, the Apharsathchites, the Tarpelites, the Apharsites, the Archevites, the Babylonians, the Susanchites, the Dehavites, and the Elamites,
10 And the rest of the nations whom the great and noble Asnapper brought over, and set in the cities of Samaria, and the rest that are on this side the river, and at such a time.
11 This is the copy of the letter that they sent unto him, even unto Artaxerxes the king; Thy servants the men on this side the river, and at such a time.
12 Be it known unto the king, that the Jews which came up from thee to us are come unto Jerusalem, building the rebellious and the bad city, and have set up the walls thereof, and joined the foundations.
13 Be it known now unto the king, that, if this city be builded, and the walls set up again, then will they not pay toll, tribute, and custom, and so thou shalt endamage the revenue of the kings.
14 Now because we have maintenance from the king's palace, and it was not meet for us to see the king's dishonour, therefore have we sent and certified the king;
15 That search may be made in the book of the records of thy fathers: so shalt thou find in the book of the records, and know that this city is a rebellious city, and hurtful unto kings and provinces, and that they have moved sedition within the same of old time: for which cause was this city destroyed.
16 We certify the king that, if this city be builded again, and the walls thereof set up, by this means thou shalt have no portion on this side the river.
17 Then sent the king an answer unto Rehum the chancellor, and to Shimshai the scribe, and to the rest of their companions that dwell in Samaria, and unto the rest beyond the river, Peace, and at such a time.
18 The letter which ye sent unto us hath been plainly read before me.
19 And I commanded, and search hath been made, and it is found that this city of old time hath made insurrection against kings, and that rebellion and sedition have been made therein.
20 There have been mighty kings also over Jerusalem, which have ruled over all countries beyond the river; and toll, tribute, and custom, was paid unto them.
21 Give ye now commandment to cause these men to cease, and that this city be not builded, until another commandment shall be given from me.
22 Take heed now that ye fail not to do this: why should damage grow to the hurt of the kings?
23 Now when the copy of king Artaxerxes' letter was read before Rehum, and Shimshai the scribe, and their companions, they went up in haste to Jerusalem unto the Jews, and made them to cease by force and power.
24 Then ceased the work of the house of God which is at Jerusalem. So it ceased unto the second year of the reign of Darius king of Persia.
Ezra 4
New International Version
Opposition to the Rebuilding
4 When the enemies of Judah and Benjamin heard that the exiles were building(A) a temple for the Lord, the God of Israel, 2 they came to Zerubbabel and to the heads of the families and said, “Let us help you build because, like you, we seek your God and have been sacrificing to him since the time of Esarhaddon(B) king of Assyria, who brought us here.”(C)
3 But Zerubbabel, Joshua and the rest of the heads of the families of Israel answered, “You have no part with us in building a temple to our God. We alone will build it for the Lord, the God of Israel, as King Cyrus, the king of Persia, commanded us.”(D)
4 Then the peoples around them set out to discourage the people of Judah and make them afraid to go on building.[a](E) 5 They bribed officials to work against them and frustrate their plans during the entire reign of Cyrus king of Persia and down to the reign of Darius king of Persia.
Later Opposition Under Xerxes and Artaxerxes
6 At the beginning of the reign of Xerxes,[b](F) they lodged an accusation against the people of Judah and Jerusalem.(G)
7 And in the days of Artaxerxes(H) king of Persia, Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel and the rest of his associates wrote a letter to Artaxerxes. The letter was written in Aramaic script and in the Aramaic(I) language.[c][d]
8 Rehum the commanding officer and Shimshai the secretary wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king as follows:
9 Rehum the commanding officer and Shimshai the secretary, together with the rest of their associates(J)—the judges, officials and administrators over the people from Persia, Uruk(K) and Babylon, the Elamites of Susa,(L) 10 and the other people whom the great and honorable Ashurbanipal(M) deported and settled in the city of Samaria and elsewhere in Trans-Euphrates.(N)
11 (This is a copy of the letter they sent him.)
To King Artaxerxes,
From your servants in Trans-Euphrates:
12 The king should know that the people who came up to us from you have gone to Jerusalem and are rebuilding that rebellious and wicked city. They are restoring the walls and repairing the foundations.(O)
13 Furthermore, the king should know that if this city is built and its walls are restored, no more taxes, tribute or duty(P) will be paid, and eventually the royal revenues will suffer.[e] 14 Now since we are under obligation to the palace and it is not proper for us to see the king dishonored, we are sending this message to inform the king, 15 so that a search may be made in the archives(Q) of your predecessors. In these records you will find that this city is a rebellious city, troublesome to kings and provinces, a place with a long history of sedition. That is why this city was destroyed.(R) 16 We inform the king that if this city is built and its walls are restored, you will be left with nothing in Trans-Euphrates.
17 The king sent this reply:
To Rehum the commanding officer, Shimshai the secretary and the rest of their associates living in Samaria and elsewhere in Trans-Euphrates:(S)
Greetings.
18 The letter you sent us has been read and translated in my presence. 19 I issued an order and a search was made, and it was found that this city has a long history of revolt(T) against kings and has been a place of rebellion and sedition. 20 Jerusalem has had powerful kings ruling over the whole of Trans-Euphrates,(U) and taxes, tribute and duty were paid to them. 21 Now issue an order to these men to stop work, so that this city will not be rebuilt until I so order. 22 Be careful not to neglect this matter. Why let this threat grow, to the detriment of the royal interests?(V)
23 As soon as the copy of the letter of King Artaxerxes was read to Rehum and Shimshai the secretary and their associates,(W) they went immediately to the Jews in Jerusalem and compelled them by force to stop.
24 Thus the work on the house of God in Jerusalem came to a standstill until the second year of the reign of Darius(X) king of Persia.
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