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Consideraciones sobre la vida y la muerte

A todo esto me he entregado de lleno, tan sólo para descubrir que las obras de buenos y de sabios están en las manos de Dios. Nada sabe el hombre del amor ni del odio, aun cuando los tenga ante sus ojos. Al fin y al cabo, a todos les espera lo mismo: al justo y al injusto, al bueno y al malo, al puro y al impuro, al que ofrece sacrificios y al que no los ofrece; lo mismo al bueno que al pecador, al que hace juramentos y al que no los hace.

Esto es lo malo de todo lo que pasa en este mundo: que a todos les espera lo mismo. Por otra parte, el pensamiento del hombre está lleno de maldad; la estupidez domina su mente durante toda su vida; y al fin de cuentas, ¡al cementerio!

Tiene más esperanza aquel a quien se concede seguir viviendo, pues vale más perro vivo que león muerto. Además, los que viven saben que han de morir, pero los muertos ni saben nada ni ganan nada, porque se les echa al olvido. Allí terminan su amor, su odio y sus pasiones, y nunca más vuelven a tomar parte en nada de lo que se hace en este mundo.

¡Vamos, pues! Disfruta del pan que comes; goza del vino que bebes, porque a Dios le han agradado tus acciones. Vístete siempre con ropas blancas; ponte siempre perfume en la cabeza. Goza de la vida con la mujer amada, cada instante de esta vida sin sentido que Dios te ha dado en este mundo; eso es lo único que sacarás de tanto trabajar en este mundo. 10 Y todo lo que esté en tu mano hacer, hazlo con todo empeño; porque en el sepulcro, que es donde irás a parar, no se hace nada ni se piensa nada, ni hay conocimientos ni sabiduría.

Injusticias de la vida

11 En este mundo he visto algo más: que no son los veloces los que ganan la carrera, ni los valientes los que ganan la batalla; que no siempre los sabios tienen pan, ni los inteligentes son ricos, ni los instruidos son bien recibidos; todos ellos dependen de un momento de suerte. 12 Por otra parte, nunca sabe nadie cuándo le llegará su hora: así como los peces quedan atrapados en la red y las aves en la trampa, así también el hombre, cuando menos lo espera, se ve atrapado en un mal momento.

13 También he visto en este mundo algo que me parece encerrar una gran enseñanza: 14 una ciudad pequeña, con pocos habitantes, es atacada por un rey poderoso que levanta alrededor de ella una gran maquinaria de ataque. 15 Y en la ciudad vive un hombre pobre, pero sabio, que con su sabiduría podría salvar a la ciudad, ¡y nadie se acuerda de él!

Por sobre todas las cosas, sabiduría

16 Sin embargo, yo afirmo que vale más ser sabio que valiente, aun cuando la sabiduría del hombre pobre no sea tomada en cuenta ni se preste atención a lo que dice.

17 Más se oyen las palabras tranquilas de los sabios
que el griterío del rey de los necios.
18 Vale más la sabiduría
que las armas de guerra.

Un solo error
causa grandes destrozos.

For all this I laid to my heart, even to explore all this: that the righteous, and the wise, and their works, are in the hand of God; whether it be love or hatred, man knoweth it not; all is before them. All things come alike to all: there is one event to the righteous and to the wicked; to the good and to the clean and to the unclean; to him that sacrificeth and to him that sacrificeth not; as is the good, so is the sinner; and he that sweareth, as he that feareth an oath. This is an evil in all that is done under the sun, that there is one event unto all: yea also, the heart of the sons of men is full of evil, and madness is in their heart while they live, and after that they go to the dead. [a]For to him that is joined with all the living there is hope; for a living dog is better than a dead lion. For the living know that they shall die: but the dead know not anything, neither have they any more a reward; for the memory of them is forgotten. As well their love, as their hatred and their envy, is perished long ago; neither have they any more a portion for ever in anything that is done under the sun. Go thy way, eat thy bread with joy, and drink thy wine with a merry heart; for God hath already accepted thy works. Let thy garments be always white; and let not thy head lack oil. [b]Live joyfully with the wife whom thou lovest all the days of thy life of vanity, which he hath given thee under the sun, all thy days of vanity: for that is thy portion in life, and in thy labor wherein thou laborest under the sun. 10 Whatsoever thy hand [c]findeth to do, do it with thy might; for there is no work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wisdom, in Sheol, whither thou goest. 11 I returned, and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favor to men of skill; but time and chance happeneth to them all. 12 For man also knoweth not his time: as the fishes that are taken in an evil net, and as the birds that are caught in the snare, even so are the sons of men snared in an evil time, when it falleth suddenly upon them. 13 I have also seen wisdom under the sun on this wise, and it seemed great unto me: 14 There was a little city, and few men within it; and there came a great king against it, and besieged it, and built great bulwarks against it. 15 Now there was found in it a poor wise man, and he by his wisdom delivered the city; yet no man remembered that same poor man. 16 Then said I, Wisdom is better than strength: nevertheless the poor man’s wisdom is despised, and his words are not heard. 17 The words of the wise heard in quiet are better than the cry of him that ruleth among fools. 18 Wisdom is better than weapons of war; but one sinner destroyeth much good.

Footnotes

  1. Ecclesiastes 9:4 Another reading is, For who is exempted? With all etc., or who can choose? With all etc.
  2. Ecclesiastes 9:9 Or, Enjoy (Hebrew See) life
  3. Ecclesiastes 9:10 Or, attaineth to do by they strength, that do

Der Mensch hat sein Geschick nicht in der Hand

Dies alles habe ich mir zu Herzen genommen, und dies habe ich zu erkennen gesucht, dass die Gerechten und die Weisen und ihre Werke in der Hand Gottes sind. Der Mensch weiß weder um Liebe noch um Hass [im Voraus]; es liegt alles [verborgen] vor ihnen.[a]

Alles [geschieht] gleicherweise allen. Es kann dem Gerechten dasselbe begegnen wie dem Gottlosen, dem Guten und Reinen wie dem Unreinen, dem, der Opfer darbringt, wie dem, der keine Opfer darbringt; dem Guten wie dem Sünder, dem, der schwört, wie dem, der sich vor dem Eid fürchtet.

Das ist das Schlimme bei allem, was unter der Sonne geschieht, dass allen dasselbe begegnet; daher wird auch das Herz der Menschen voll Bosheit, und Tollheit ist in ihren Herzen ihr Leben lang, und danach geht es zu den Toten!

Denn für jeden, der noch zu den Lebenden gehört, gibt es Hoffnung; denn ein lebendiger Hund ist besser daran als ein toter Löwe.

Denn die Lebendigen wissen, dass sie sterben müssen; aber die Toten wissen gar nichts, und es wird ihnen auch keine Belohnung mehr zuteil; denn man denkt nicht mehr an sie.

Ihre Liebe und ihr Hass wie auch ihr Eifer sind längst vergangen, und sie haben auf ewig keinen Anteil mehr an allem, was unter der Sonne geschieht.

So geh nun hin, iss mit Freuden dein Brot und trinke deinen Wein mit fröhlichem Herzen, denn Gott hat dein Tun längst gebilligt!

Lass deine Kleider allezeit weiß sein, und lass das Öl nicht fehlen auf deinem Haupt!

Genieße das Leben mit der Frau,[b] die du liebst, alle Tage deines nichtigen Lebens, das er dir unter der Sonne gegeben hat, alle deine nichtigen Tage hindurch; denn das ist dein Anteil in [diesem] Leben und in der Mühe, womit du dich abmühst unter der Sonne.

10 Alles, was deine Hand zu tun vorfindet, das tue mit deiner ganzen Kraft; denn im Totenreich, in das du gehst, gibt es kein Wirken mehr und kein Planen, keine Wissenschaft und keine Weisheit!

11 Und ich wandte mich um und sah unter der Sonne, dass nicht die Schnellen den Wettlauf gewinnen, noch die Starken die Schlacht, dass nicht die Weisen das Brot erlangen, auch nicht die Verständigen den Reichtum, noch die Erfahrenen Gunst, denn sie sind alle von Zeit und Umständen abhängig.

12 Denn auch der Mensch kennt seine Zeit nicht, so wenig wie die Fische, die mit dem tödlichen Netz gefangen werden, und wie die Vögel, die man mit der Schlinge fängt; gleich diesen werden auch die Menschenkinder gefangen zur Zeit des Unheils, wenn es plötzlich über sie kommt.

13 Auch das habe ich als Weisheit angesehen unter der Sonne, und sie schien mir groß:

14 Gegen eine kleine Stadt, in der wenig Männer waren, kam ein großer König und belagerte sie und baute große Belagerungstürme gegen sie.

15 Da fand sich in derselben [Stadt] ein armer, aber weiser Mann, der rettete die Stadt durch seine Weisheit, und doch gedachte kein Mensch an diesen armen Mann.

16 Da sprach ich: Weisheit ist besser als Stärke; aber die Weisheit des Armen ist verachtet, und man hört nicht auf seine Worte!

17 Die Worte der Weisen, die man in Ruhe hört, sind besser als das Schreien eines Herrschers unter den Narren.

18 Weisheit ist besser als Kriegsgerät; aber ein einziger Sünder verdirbt viel Gutes.

Footnotes

  1. (9,1) d.h. weil es in der Zukunft liegt, ist es ihnen verborgen.
  2. (9,9) od. Lebe einsichtig mit der Frau … / Habe wohl acht auf dein Leben mit der Frau … w. Sieh auf das Leben mit der Frau … (vgl. 1Pt 3,7).

A Common Destiny for All

So I reflected on all this and concluded that the righteous and the wise and what they do are in God’s hands, but no one knows whether love or hate awaits them.(A) All share a common destiny—the righteous and the wicked, the good and the bad,[a] the clean and the unclean, those who offer sacrifices and those who do not.

As it is with the good,
    so with the sinful;
as it is with those who take oaths,
    so with those who are afraid to take them.(B)

This is the evil in everything that happens under the sun: The same destiny overtakes all.(C) The hearts of people, moreover, are full of evil and there is madness in their hearts while they live,(D) and afterward they join the dead.(E) Anyone who is among the living has hope[b]—even a live dog is better off than a dead lion!

For the living know that they will die,
    but the dead know nothing;(F)
they have no further reward,
    and even their name(G) is forgotten.(H)
Their love, their hate
    and their jealousy have long since vanished;
never again will they have a part
    in anything that happens under the sun.(I)

Go, eat your food with gladness, and drink your wine(J) with a joyful heart,(K) for God has already approved what you do. Always be clothed in white,(L) and always anoint your head with oil. Enjoy life with your wife,(M) whom you love, all the days of this meaningless life that God has given you under the sun—all your meaningless days. For this is your lot(N) in life and in your toilsome labor under the sun. 10 Whatever(O) your hand finds to do, do it with all your might,(P) for in the realm of the dead,(Q) where you are going, there is neither working nor planning nor knowledge nor wisdom.(R)

11 I have seen something else under the sun:

The race is not to the swift
    or the battle to the strong,(S)
nor does food come to the wise(T)
    or wealth to the brilliant
    or favor to the learned;
but time and chance(U) happen to them all.(V)

12 Moreover, no one knows when their hour will come:

As fish are caught in a cruel net,
    or birds are taken in a snare,
so people are trapped by evil times(W)
    that fall unexpectedly upon them.(X)

Wisdom Better Than Folly

13 I also saw under the sun this example of wisdom(Y) that greatly impressed me: 14 There was once a small city with only a few people in it. And a powerful king came against it, surrounded it and built huge siege works against it. 15 Now there lived in that city a man poor but wise, and he saved the city by his wisdom. But nobody remembered that poor man.(Z) 16 So I said, “Wisdom is better than strength.” But the poor man’s wisdom is despised, and his words are no longer heeded.(AA)

17 The quiet words of the wise are more to be heeded
    than the shouts of a ruler of fools.
18 Wisdom(AB) is better than weapons of war,
    but one sinner destroys much good.

Footnotes

  1. Ecclesiastes 9:2 Septuagint (Aquila), Vulgate and Syriac; Hebrew does not have and the bad.
  2. Ecclesiastes 9:4 Or What then is to be chosen? With all who live, there is hope

For all this I considered in my heart even to declare all this, that the righteous, and the wise, and their works, are in the hand of God: no man knoweth either love or hatred by all that is before them.

All things come alike to all: there is one event to the righteous, and to the wicked; to the good and to the clean, and to the unclean; to him that sacrificeth, and to him that sacrificeth not: as is the good, so is the sinner; and he that sweareth, as he that feareth an oath.

This is an evil among all things that are done under the sun, that there is one event unto all: yea, also the heart of the sons of men is full of evil, and madness is in their heart while they live, and after that they go to the dead.

For to him that is joined to all the living there is hope: for a living dog is better than a dead lion.

For the living know that they shall die: but the dead know not any thing, neither have they any more a reward; for the memory of them is forgotten.

Also their love, and their hatred, and their envy, is now perished; neither have they any more a portion for ever in any thing that is done under the sun.

Go thy way, eat thy bread with joy, and drink thy wine with a merry heart; for God now accepteth thy works.

Let thy garments be always white; and let thy head lack no ointment.

Live joyfully with the wife whom thou lovest all the days of the life of thy vanity, which he hath given thee under the sun, all the days of thy vanity: for that is thy portion in this life, and in thy labour which thou takest under the sun.

10 Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might; for there is no work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wisdom, in the grave, whither thou goest.

11 I returned, and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favour to men of skill; but time and chance happeneth to them all.

12 For man also knoweth not his time: as the fishes that are taken in an evil net, and as the birds that are caught in the snare; so are the sons of men snared in an evil time, when it falleth suddenly upon them.

13 This wisdom have I seen also under the sun, and it seemed great unto me:

14 There was a little city, and few men within it; and there came a great king against it, and besieged it, and built great bulwarks against it:

15 Now there was found in it a poor wise man, and he by his wisdom delivered the city; yet no man remembered that same poor man.

16 Then said I, Wisdom is better than strength: nevertheless the poor man's wisdom is despised, and his words are not heard.

17 The words of wise men are heard in quiet more than the cry of him that ruleth among fools.

18 Wisdom is better than weapons of war: but one sinner destroyeth much good.