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2-3 The same providence confronts everyone, whether good or bad, religious or irreligious, profane or godly. It seems so unfair that one fate comes to all. That is why men are not more careful to be good but instead choose their own mad course, for they have no hope—there is nothing but death ahead anyway.

There is hope only for the living. “It is better to be a live dog than a dead lion!” For the living at least know that they will die! But the dead know nothing ; they don’t even have their memories.[a] Whatever they did in their lifetimes—loving, hating, envying—is long gone, and they have no part in anything here on earth anymore. So go ahead, eat, drink, and be merry, for it makes no difference to God!

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Footnotes

  1. Ecclesiastes 9:5 But the dead know nothing; they don’t even have their memories. These statements are Solomon’s discouraged opinion and do not reflect a knowledge of God’s truth on these points. Also v. 10.

The same fate comes to everyone:

to the righteous and to the wicked,
    to the good and to the wicked,[a]
to the clean and to the unclean,
    to those who sacrifice and to those who do not sacrifice.
As with the good man, so also to the sinner;
    as with those who swear an oath, so also those who fear oaths.
This is the injustice[b] that is done under the sun:
    the same fate comes to everyone.
Also the hearts of humans[c] are full of evil;
    delusion is in their hearts during their lives, and then they die.

Death Deprives Humans of Everything in Life

Whoever is joined[d] to all the living has hope. After all, even a live dog is better than a dead lion! For the living know that they will die, but the dead do not know anything. They no longer have a reward, and even the memory of them is forgotten. What they loved and hated, as well as what they desired, has already perished. They no longer have any share in what is done under the sun.

Enjoy Life While It Lasts

Go—eat your food with joy, and drink your wine with a merry heart! For God already has approved your deeds.

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Footnotes

  1. Ecclesiastes 9:2 Several versions (Greek, Syriac, Latin) insert “and to the bad”
  2. Ecclesiastes 9:3 Literally “evil”
  3. Ecclesiastes 9:3 Literally “the sons of the man”
  4. Ecclesiastes 9:4 The Kethib reads “chosen,” but the Qere as well as all the versions and numerous medieval Hebrew manuscripts read “joined”