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Then I returned and saw all the oppressions that are done under the sun: and behold, the tears of those who were oppressed, and they had no comforter; and on the side of their oppressors there was power; but they had no comforter. Therefore I praised the dead who have been long dead more than the living who are yet alive. Yes, better than them both is him who has not yet been, who has not seen the evil work that is done under the sun. Then I saw all the labor and achievement that is the envy of a man’s neighbor. This also is vanity and a striving after wind.

The fool folds his hands together and ruins himself. Better is a handful, with quietness, than two handfuls with labor and chasing after wind.

Then I returned and saw vanity under the sun. There is one who is alone, and he has neither son nor brother. There is no end to all of his labor, neither are his eyes satisfied with wealth. “For whom then do I labor and deprive my soul of enjoyment?” This also is vanity. Yes, it is a miserable business.

Two are better than one, because they have a good reward for their labor. 10 For if they fall, the one will lift up his fellow; but woe to him who is alone when he falls, and doesn’t have another to lift him up. 11 Again, if two lie together, then they have warmth; but how can one keep warm alone? 12 If a man prevails against one who is alone, two shall withstand him; and a threefold cord is not quickly broken.

13 Better is a poor and wise youth than an old and foolish king who doesn’t know how to receive admonition any more. 14 For out of prison he came out to be king; yes, even in his kingdom he was born poor. 15 I saw all the living who walk under the sun, that they were with the youth, the other, who succeeded him. 16 There was no end of all the people, even of all them over whom he was—yet those who come after shall not rejoice in him. Surely this also is vanity and a chasing after wind.

Injusticias de la vida

Entonces yo me volví y observé todas las opresiones(A) que se cometen bajo el sol:

Y vi las lágrimas de los oprimidos,
Y no tenían quien los consolara;
En mano de sus opresores estaba el poder,
Y no tenían quien los consolara(B).
Así que felicité a los muertos, los que ya murieron,
Más que a los vivos, los que aún viven(C).
Pero mejor que ambos está el que nunca ha existido(D),
Que nunca ha visto las malas obras que se cometen bajo el sol.

He visto que todo trabajo y toda obra hábil(E) que se hace es el resultado de la rivalidad entre el hombre y su prójimo. También esto es vanidad y correr tras el viento[a](F).

El necio se cruza de manos(G)
Y devora su propia carne(H).
Más vale una mano[b] llena de descanso
Que dos puños llenos de trabajo(I) y correr tras el viento.

Entonces yo me volví y observé la vanidad bajo el sol:

Había un hombre solo, sin sucesor[c],
Que no tenía hijo ni hermano,
Sin embargo, no había fin a todo su trabajo.
En verdad, sus ojos no se saciaban de las riquezas(J),
Y nunca se preguntó: «¿Para quién trabajo yo(K)
Y privo a mi vida del placer?».
También esto es vanidad y tarea penosa(L).
¶Más valen dos que uno solo,
Pues tienen mejor pago por su trabajo.
10 Porque si uno de ellos cae[d], el otro[e] levantará a su compañero;
Pero ¡ay del que cae cuando no hay otro[f] que lo levante!
11 Además, si dos se acuestan juntos se mantienen calientes[g],
Pero uno solo ¿cómo se calentará(M)?
12 Y si alguien[h] puede prevalecer contra el que está solo,
Dos lo resistirán.
Un cordel de tres hilos no se rompe fácilmente.
13 ¶Mejor es un joven pobre y sabio(N)
Que un rey viejo y necio,
Que ya no sabe recibir consejos.
14 Porque ha salido de la cárcel para reinar(O),
Aunque nació pobre en su reino.

15 He visto a todos los vivientes bajo el sol apresurarse a ir junto al joven sucesor[i] que lo reemplaza[j]. 16 No tenía fin la multitud[k] de todos los que lo[l] seguían, y ni aun los que vendrán después estarán contentos con él; pues también esto es vanidad y correr tras el viento(P).

Footnotes

  1. 4:4 O aflicción de espíritu, y así en los vers. 6 y 16.
  2. 4:6 Lit. palma.
  3. 4:8 Lit. sin un segundo.
  4. 4:10 Lit. si ellos caen.
  5. 4:10 Lit. uno.
  6. 4:10 Lit. un segundo.
  7. 4:11 Lit. tienen calor.
  8. 4:12 Lit. él.
  9. 4:15 Lit. el segundo joven.
  10. 4:15 Lit. se coloca en su lugar.
  11. 4:16 Lit. todo el pueblo.
  12. 4:16 Así en algunas versiones antiguas; en heb. los.

Наблюдения и преценки

(A)Тогава се обърнах и видях греха, извършващ се под слънцето: сълзите на угнетените, а утешител нямат; и силата в ръката на тези, които угнетяват, и утешител нямаше за тях. (B)Затова аз облажавах мъртвите, починали отдавна, повече от живите, от живите сега. Но по-щастлив от всички тях е онзи, който не е живял все още, който не е видял лошите дела, които се извършват под слънцето.

Видях също така, че всеки труд и всяко дело с успех събуждат завист сред хората. Това е също суета и гонене на вятър. Стои глупакът, скръстил ръцете си, а завист го разяжда. По-добре една шепа, придружена с покой, отколкото шепа, пълна с труд и мъка.

Аз се обърнах отново и видях друга суета под слънцето: ето – самотник, той си няма никого. Няма ни син, нито брат, а пък за тежкия му труд няма край. Очите му са ненаситни на богатство. Той казва: „За кого ли се трудя и себе си лишавам от блага?“ И това е пак суета и мъчителен гнет.

По-добре са двама, отколкото един, те имат добра награда за своя труд. 10 И ако паднат, единият ще вдигне другия. Горко пък на самотник като падне, защото няма кой да го повдигне. 11 И ако двама легнат – ще се стоплят; как самотник би могъл да се сгрее? 12 Надвие ли някой единия, ще надделеят двамата насреща му; усуканата тройно връв няма да се скъса лесно.

13 По-добре беден, но умен юноша, отколкото стар и безумен цар, който не се вслушва вече в съвети. 14 Юношата ще излезе от затвора да царува, макар че е роден беден в царството му. 15 Видях живите под слънцето да ходят с юношата, който ще заеме неговото място. 16 Народът, който той предвожда, няма край. Но които се родят след него, няма да му се радват. Това е също суета и гонене на вятър.

Благоговение пред Бога

17 [a] Внимавай, когато пристъпваш в Божия дом. Приближи се, за да слушаш. Това е по-добро, отколкото когато глупци изгарят жертви – глупците не съзнават, че извършват зло.

Footnotes

  1. 4:17 В Цариградската Библия 4:17 е 5:1.

So I returned, and considered all the oppressions that are done under the shemesh, and, hinei, the tears of such as were oppressed, and they had no menachem (comforter); and on the side of their oppressors there was ko’ach (power); but they had no menachem (comforter).

Wherefore I praised the mesim which are already dead more than the living ones which are yet alive.

Yea, better is he than both they, which hath not yet been, who hath not seen the ma’aseh harah that is done under the shemesh.

Again, I considered all amal, and every kishron hama’aseh (skillful achievement), that such is a simple derivative of kinat ish meirei’eihu (the envy of man of his neighbor). This also is hevel, a chasing after ruach.

The kesil foldeth his hands together, and eateth his own basar.

Better is a handful with tranquility than both the hands full with amal and chasing after ruach.

Then I returned, and I saw under the shemesh this hevel:

There was a man all alone, and there was with him neither ben nor ach (brother); yet there was no ketz (end) to all his amal; neither was his ayin satisfied with osher (riches); neither saith he, For whom do I toil, and deprive my nefesh of tovah? This also is hevel, yea, it is an evil matter.

Two are better than one because they have a sachar tov for their amal.

10 For if they fall, the echad will lift up his partner, but woe to him that is alone when he falleth; for he hath not another to help him up.

11 Also, if two lie down, then they have chom (heat), but how can one be warm alone?

12 Though echad may be overpowered, shnayim shall withstand him; and a khoot hameshulash (threefold cord) is not quickly broken.

13 Better is a poor and a wise yeled than an old and foolish melech, who will no more be admonished.

14 For out of the bais hasohar he cometh to reign, although he was born a poor man in his malchut (kingdom).

15 I considered all the living ones which walk under the shemesh in the throng of the yeled, that is, the second one that shall enter into the place of the former [melech].

16 There is no ketz of kol haAm, all those at whose head he stands; and yet they who come after shall not rejoice in him. Surely this also is hevel and striving for ruach.