(A)Therefore I praised the dead who were already dead,
More than the living who are still alive.
(B)Yet, better than both is he who has never existed,
Who has not seen the evil work that is done under the sun.

The Vanity of Selfish Toil

Again, I saw that for all toil and every skillful work a man is envied by his neighbor. This also is vanity and grasping for the wind.

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So (A)I lauded the dead who are already dead more than the living who are still living. But (B)better off than both of them is the one who never has been, who has never seen the evil work that is done under the sun.

I have seen that every labor and every (C)success of the work is the result of jealousy between a man and his neighbor. This too is [a](D)vanity and striving after wind.

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Footnotes

  1. Ecclesiastes 4:4 Or futility, so in ch

And I declared that the dead,(A)
    who had already died,
are happier than the living,
    who are still alive.(B)
But better than both
    is the one who has never been born,(C)
who has not seen the evil
    that is done under the sun.(D)

And I saw that all toil and all achievement spring from one person’s envy of another. This too is meaningless, a chasing after the wind.(E)

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