Ecclesiastes 3 - Song of Solomon 8

New American Standard Bible

A Time for Everything

3 There is an appointed time for everything. And there is a ^(A)time for every matter under heaven—

²A time to give birth and a ^(B)time to die;
A time to plant and a time to uproot what is planted.
³A ^(C)time to kill and a time to heal;
A time to tear down and a time to build up.
⁴A time to ^(D)weep and a time to ^(E)laugh;
A time to mourn and a time to ^(F)dance.
⁵A time to throw stones and a time to gather stones;
A time to embrace and a time to shun embracing.
⁶A time to search and a time to give up as lost;
A time to keep and a time to throw away.
⁷A time to tear apart and a time to sew together;
A time to ^(G)be silent and a time to speak.
⁸A time to love and a time to ^(H)hate;
A time for war and a time for peace.

⁹^(I)What benefit is there for the worker from that in which he labors? ¹⁰I have seen the ^(J)task which God has given the sons of mankind with which to ^[a]occupy themselves.

God Set Eternity in the Heart of Mankind

¹¹He has ^(K)made everything appropriate in its time. He has also set eternity in their heart, without the possibility that mankind ^(L)will find out the work which God has done from the beginning even to the end.

¹²I know that there is ^(M)nothing better for them than to rejoice and to do good in one’s lifetime; ¹³moreover, that every person who eats and drinks sees good in all his labor—this is the ^(N)gift of God. ¹⁴I know that everything God does will remain forever; there is nothing to add to it and there is nothing to take from it. And God has so worked, that people will ^[b]^(O)fear Him. ¹⁵^(P)That which is, is what has already been, and that which will be has already been; and God ^[c]seeks what has passed by.

¹⁶Furthermore, I have seen under the sun that in the place of justice there is ^(Q)wickedness and in the place of righteousness there is wickedness. ¹⁷I said ^[d]to myself, “^(R)God will judge the righteous and the wicked,” for a ^(S)time for every matter and for every deed ^[e]is there. ¹⁸I said ^[f]to myself regarding the sons of mankind, “God is testing them in order for them to see that they are as ^(T)animals, they to themselves.” ¹⁹^(U)For the fate of the sons of mankind and the fate of animals ^[g]is the same. As one dies, so dies the other; indeed, they all have the same breath, and there is no advantage for mankind over animals, for all is futility. ²⁰All go to the same place. All came from the ^(V)dust and all return to the dust. ²¹Who knows that the ^(W)spirit of the sons of mankind ascends upward and the spirit of the animal descends downward to the earth? ²²I have seen that ^(X)nothing is better than when a person is happy in his activities, for that is his ^[h]lot. For who will bring him to see ^(Y)what will occur after him?

The Evils of Oppression

4 Then I looked again at all the acts of ^(Z)oppression which were being done under the sun. And behold, I saw the tears of the oppressed and that they had ^(AA)no one to comfort them; and power was on the side of their oppressors, but they had no one to comfort them. ²So ^(AB)I congratulated the dead who are already dead, more than the living who are still living. ³But ^(AC)better off than both of them is the one who has never existed, who has never seen the evil activity that is done under the sun.

⁴I have seen that every labor and every ^(AD)skill which is done is the result of rivalry between a person and his neighbor. This too is ^(AE)futility and striving after wind. ⁵The fool ^(AF)folds his hands and ^(AG)consumes his own flesh. ⁶One hand full of rest is ^(AH)better than two fists full of labor and striving after wind.

⁷Then I looked again at futility under the sun. ⁸There was a man without a ^[i]dependent, having neither a son nor a brother, yet there was no end to all his labor. Indeed, ^(AI)his eyes were not satisfied with riches, and he never asked, “And ^(AJ)for whom do I labor and deprive myself of pleasure?” This too is futility, and it is an ^(AK)unhappy task.

⁹Two are better than one because they have a good return for their labor; ¹⁰for if ^[j]either of them falls, the one will lift up his companion. But woe to the one who falls when there is not ^[k]another to lift him up! ¹¹Furthermore, if two lie down together they ^[l]keep warm, but ^(AL)how can one be warm alone? ¹²And if ^[m]one can overpower him who is alone, two can resist him. A cord of three strands is not quickly torn apart.

¹³A ^(AM)poor yet wise youth is better than an old and foolish king who no longer knows how to receive ^[n]instruction— ¹⁴for he has come ^(AN)out of prison to become king, even though he was born poor in his kingdom. ¹⁵I have seen all those living under the sun move to the side of the second youth who ^[o]replaces him. ¹⁶There is no end to all the people, to all who were before them. Even the ones who will come later will not be happy with him; for this too is ^(AO)futility and striving after wind.

Your Attitude toward God

5 ^[p]^(AP)Guard your steps as you go to the house of God, and approach to listen rather than to offer the ^(AQ)sacrifice of fools; for they do not know that they are doing evil. ²^[q]Do not be ^(AR)quick with your mouth or ^[r]impulsive in thought to bring up a matter in the presence of God. For God is in heaven and you are on the earth; therefore let your ^(AS)words be few. ³For the dream comes through much ^[s]effort, and the voice of a ^(AT)fool through many words.

⁴When you ^(AU)make a vow to God, do not be late in paying it; for He takes no delight in fools. ^(AV)Pay what you vow! ⁵It is ^(AW)better that you not vow, than vow and not pay. ⁶Do not let your ^[t]speech cause ^[u]you to sin, and do not say in the presence of the messenger of God that it was a ^(AX)mistake. Why should God be angry on account of your voice, and destroy the work of your hands? ⁷For in many dreams and in many words there is futility. Rather, ^[v]^(AY)fear God.

⁸If you see ^(AZ)oppression of the poor and ^(BA)denial of justice and righteousness in the province, do not be ^(BB)shocked at the ^[w]sight; for one ^[x]official watches over another ^[y]official, and there are higher ^[z]officials over them. ⁹After all, a king who cultivates the field is beneficial to the land.

The Foolishness of Riches

¹⁰^(BC)One who loves money will not be satisfied with money, nor one who loves abundance with its income. This too is futility. ¹¹^(BD)When good things increase, those who consume them increase. So what is the advantage to their owners except to ^[aa]look at them? ¹²The sleep of the laborer is ^(BE)sweet, whether he eats little or much; but the ^[ab]full stomach of the rich person does not allow him to sleep.

¹³There is a sickening evil which I have seen under the sun: ^(BF)wealth being ^[ac]hoarded by its owner to his detriment. ¹⁴When that wealth was lost through bad business and he had fathered a son, then there was nothing ^[ad]to support him. ¹⁵^(BG)As he came naked from his mother’s womb, so he will return as he came. He will ^(BH)take nothing from the fruit of his labor that he can carry in his hand. ¹⁶This also is a sickening evil: exactly as a person ^[ae]is born, so will he ^[af]die. ^(BI)What then is the advantage for him who ^(BJ)labors for the wind? ¹⁷All his life ^(BK)he also eats in darkness with ^(BL)great irritation, sickness, and anger.

¹⁸Here is what I have seen to be ^(BM)good and ^[ag]fitting: to eat, to drink, and ^[ah]enjoy oneself in all one’s labor in which he labors under the sun during the few ^[ai]years of his life which God has given him; for this is his ^[aj]^(BN)reward. ¹⁹Furthermore, as for every person to whom ^(BO)God has given riches and wealth, He has also ^(BP)given him the opportunity to ^[ak]enjoy them and to receive his ^[al]reward and rejoice in his labor; this is the ^(BQ)gift of God. ²⁰For he will not often call to mind the ^[am]years of his life, because ^(BR)God keeps ^[an]him busy with the joy of his heart.

The Futility of Life

6 There is an ^(BS)evil which I have seen under the sun, and it is widespread ^[ao]among mankind: ²a person to whom God has ^(BT)given riches, wealth, and honor, so that his soul ^(BU)lacks nothing of all that he desires, yet God has not given him the opportunity to ^[ap]enjoy these things, but a foreigner ^[aq]enjoys them. This is futility and a severe affliction. ³If a man fathers a hundred children and lives many years, however many ^[ar]they may be, but his soul is not satisfied with good things and he does not even have a proper ^(BV)burial, then I say, “Better ^(BW)the miscarriage than he, ⁴for a miscarriage comes in futility and goes into darkness; and its name is covered in darkness. ⁵It has not even seen the sun nor does it know it; yet ^[as]it is better off than that man. ⁶Even if the man lives a thousand years twice, but does not see good things—^(BX)do not all go to one and the same place?”

⁷^(BY)All a person’s labor is for his mouth, and yet ^[at]his appetite is not ^[au]satisfied. ⁸For ^(BZ)what advantage does the wise person have over the fool? What does the poor person have, knowing how to walk before the living? ⁹What the eyes ^(CA)see is better than what the soul ^[av]desires. This too is ^(CB)futility and striving after wind.

¹⁰Whatever ^(CC)exists has already been named, and it is known what man is; for he ^(CD)cannot dispute with the ^[aw]one who is mightier than he is. ¹¹For there are many words which increase futility. What then is the advantage to a person? ¹²For who knows what is good for a person during his lifetime, during the few ^[ax]years of his futile life? He will ^[ay]spend them like a shadow. For who can tell a person ^(CE)what will happen after him under the sun?

Wisdom and Foolishness Contrasted

7 A ^(CF)good name is better than good ^[az]oil,
And the ^(CG)day of one’s death is better than the day of one’s birth.
²It is better to go to a house of mourning
Than to go to a house of feasting,
Because ^[ba]that is the ^(CH)end of every person,
And the living ^[bb]^(CI)takes it to ^[bc]heart.
³^(CJ)Sorrow is better than laughter,
For ^(CK)when a face is sad a heart may be happy.
⁴The ^[bd]mind of the wise is in the house of mourning,
While the ^[be]mind of fools is in the house of pleasure.
⁵It is better to ^(CL)listen to the rebuke of a wise person
Than for one to listen to the song of fools.
⁶For as the ^[bf]crackling of ^(CM)thorn bushes under a pot,
So is the ^(CN)laughter of the fool;
And this too is futility.
⁷For ^(CO)oppression makes a wise person look foolish,
And a ^(CP)bribe ^[bg]corrupts the heart.
⁸The ^(CQ)end of a matter is better than its beginning;
^(CR)Patience of spirit is better than arrogance of spirit.
⁹Do not be ^[bh]^(CS)eager in your spirit to be angry,
For anger resides in the ^[bi]heart of fools.
¹⁰Do not say, “Why is it that the former days were better than these?”
For it is not from wisdom that you ask about this.
¹¹Wisdom along with an inheritance is good,
And an ^(CT)advantage to those who see the sun.
¹²For ^(CU)wisdom is ^[bj]protection just as money is ^[bk]protection,
But the advantage of knowledge is that ^(CV)wisdom keeps its possessors alive.
¹³Consider the ^(CW)work of God,
For who is ^(CX)able to straighten what He has bent?
¹⁴^(CY)On the day of prosperity be happy,
But ^(CZ)on the day of adversity consider:
God has made the one as well as the other
So that a person will ^(DA)not discover anything that will come after him.

¹⁵I have seen everything during my ^[bl]^(DB)lifetime of futility; there is ^(DC)a righteous person who perishes in his righteousness, and there is ^(DD)a wicked person who prolongs his life in his wickedness. ¹⁶Do not be excessively ^(DE)righteous, and do not ^(DF)be overly wise. Why should you ruin yourself? ¹⁷Do not be excessively wicked, and do not be foolish. Why should you ^(DG)die ^[bm]before your time? ¹⁸It is good that you grasp one thing while not ^[bn]letting go of the other; for one who ^(DH)fears God comes out with ^[bo]both of them.

¹⁹^(DI)Wisdom strengthens a wise person more than ten rulers who are in a city. ²⁰Indeed, ^(DJ)there is not a righteous person on earth who always does good and does not ever sin. ²¹Also, do not ^[bp]take seriously all the words which are spoken, so that you do not hear your servant ^(DK)cursing you, ²²for ^[bq]you know that even you have cursed others many times as well.

²³I tested all this with wisdom, and I said, “I will be wise,” ^(DL)but wisdom was far from me. ²⁴What has been is remote and ^(DM)very ^[br]mysterious. ^(DN)Who can discover it? ²⁵I ^[bs]^(DO)directed my ^[bt]mind to know and to investigate, and to seek wisdom and an explanation, and to know the evil of foolishness and the foolishness of insanity. ²⁶And I discovered as more ^(DP)bitter than death the woman whose heart is ^(DQ)snares and nets, whose hands are chains. ^(DR)One who is pleasing to God will escape from her, but ^(DS)the sinner will be captured by her.

²⁷“Behold, I have discovered this,” says the Preacher, “by adding one thing to another to find an explanation, ²⁸which ^[bu]I am still seeking but have not found. I have found one man among a thousand, but I have not found a ^(DT)woman among all these. ²⁹Behold, I have found only this, that ^(DU)God made people upright, but they have sought out many schemes.”

Obey Rulers

8 Who is like the wise person and who knows the meaning of a matter? A person’s wisdom ^(DV)illuminates his face and makes his ^(DW)stern face ^[bv]brighten up.

²I say, “Keep the ^[bw]command of the king because of the ^(DX)oath ^[bx]before God. ³Do not be in a hurry ^[by]^(DY)to leave him. Do not join in an evil matter, for he will do whatever he pleases.” ⁴Since the word of the king is authoritative, ^(DZ)who will say to him, “What are you doing?”

⁵One who ^(EA)keeps a royal command ^(EB)experiences no ^[bz]trouble, for a wise heart knows the proper time and procedure. ⁶For ^(EC)there is a proper time and procedure for every delight, though a person’s trouble is heavy upon him. ⁷If no one ^(ED)knows what will happen, who can tell him when it will happen? ⁸^(EE)No one has authority over the wind to restrain the wind, nor authority over the day of death; and there is no military discharge in the time of war, and ^(EF)evil will not save ^[ca]those who practice it. ⁹All this I have seen, and have applied my ^[cb]mind to every deed that has been done under the sun at a time when one person has exercised ^(EG)authority over another person to his detriment.

¹⁰So then, I have seen the wicked buried, those who used to go in and out of the holy place, and they are ^(EH)soon forgotten in the city where they did such things. This too is futility. ¹¹Because the ^(EI)sentence against an evil deed is not executed quickly, therefore ^(EJ)the hearts of the sons of mankind among them are ^[cc]fully given to do evil. ¹²Although a sinner does evil a hundred times and may ^(EK)lengthen his life, still I know that it will go ^(EL)well for those who fear God, who fear ^[cd]Him openly. ¹³But it will ^(EM)not go well for the evil person and he will not lengthen his days like a ^(EN)shadow, because he does not fear God.

¹⁴There is futility which is done on the earth, that is, there are ^(EO)righteous people to whom it ^[ce]happens according to the deeds of the wicked. On the other hand, there are ^(EP)evil people to whom it ^[cf]happens according to the deeds of the righteous. I say that this too is futility. ¹⁵So I commended pleasure, for there is nothing good for ^(EQ)a person under the sun except to eat, drink, and be joyful, and this will stand by him in his labor throughout the days of his life which God has given him under the sun.

¹⁶When I ^(ER)devoted my ^[cg]mind to know wisdom and to see the business which has been done on the earth (even though one should ^[ch]^(ES)never sleep day or night), ¹⁷and I saw every work of God, I concluded that ^(ET)one cannot discover the work which has been done under the sun. Even though a person laboriously seeks, he will not discover; and ^(EU)even if the wise person claims to know, he cannot discover.

People Are in the Hand of God

9 For I have taken all this to my heart, even to ^[ci]examine ^[cj]it all, that righteous people, wise people, and their deeds are ^(EV)in the hand of God. ^(EW)People do not know whether it will be ^(EX)love or hatred; anything ^[ck]awaits them.

²^(EY)It is the same for all. There is ^(EZ)one fate for the righteous and for the wicked; for the good, for the clean and the unclean; for the person who offers a sacrifice and for the one who does not sacrifice. As the good person is, so is the sinner; the one who swears an oath is just as the one who ^[cl]is afraid to swear an oath. ³This is an evil in everything that is done under the sun, that there is ^(FA)one fate for everyone. Furthermore, ^(FB)the hearts of the sons of mankind are full of evil, and ^(FC)insanity is in their hearts throughout their lives. Afterward they go to the dead. ⁴For whoever is joined to all the living, there is hope; for better a live dog, than a dead lion. ⁵For the living know that they will die; but the dead ^(FD)do not know anything, nor do they have a reward any longer, for their ^(FE)memory is forgotten. ⁶Indeed their love, their hate, and their zeal have already perished, and they will no longer have a ^(FF)share in all that is done under the sun.

⁷Go then, ^(FG)eat your bread in happiness, and drink your wine with a cheerful heart; for God has already approved your works. ⁸See that your ^(FH)clothes are white all the time, and that there is no lack of ^(FI)oil on your head. ⁹^[cm]Enjoy life with the wife whom you love all the days of your ^(FJ)futile life which He has given you under the sun, ^[cn]all the days of your futility; for this is your ^(FK)reward in life and in your work which you have labored under the sun.

Whatever Your Hand Finds to Do

¹⁰Whatever your hand finds to do, ^(FL)do it with all your might; for there is no ^(FM)activity, planning, knowledge, or wisdom in ^(FN)Sheol where you are going.

¹¹I again saw under the sun that the ^(FO)race is not to the swift and the ^(FP)battle is not to the warriors, and neither is bread to the wise nor ^(FQ)wealth to the discerning, nor favor to the skillful; for time and ^(FR)chance overtake them all. ¹²For indeed, a person does not ^(FS)know his time: like fish that are caught in a treacherous net and ^(FT)birds caught in a snare, so the sons of mankind are ^(FU)ensnared at an evil time when it ^(FV)suddenly falls on them.

¹³This too I saw as wisdom under the sun, and ^[co]it impressed me: ¹⁴there ^(FW)was a small city with few men in it, and a great king came to it, surrounded it, and constructed large siegeworks against it. ¹⁵But there was found in it a ^(FX)poor wise man, and he ^[cp]saved the city ^(FY)by his wisdom. Yet ^(FZ)no one remembered that poor man. ¹⁶So I said, “^(GA)Wisdom is better than strength.” But the wisdom of the poor man is despised, and his words are ^[cq]ignored. ¹⁷The ^(GB)words of the wise heard in calm are better than the shouting of a ruler among fools. ¹⁸^(GC)Wisdom is better than weapons of war, but ^(GD)one sinner destroys much good.

A Little Foolishness

10 Dead flies turn a ^(GE)perfumer’s oil rancid, so a little foolishness is more ^[cr]potent than wisdom and honor. ²A wise person’s heart directs him toward the right, but the foolish ^(GF)person’s heart directs him toward the left. ³Even when the fool walks along the road, his ^[cs]sense is lacking, and he ^[ct]^(GG)demonstrates to everyone that he is a fool. ⁴If the ruler’s ^[cu]temper rises against you, ^(GH)do not abandon your place, because ^(GI)composure puts great offenses to rest.

⁵There is an evil I have seen under the sun, like a mistake that proceeds from the ruler: ⁶^(GJ)foolishness is set in many exalted places while the rich sit in humble places. ⁷I have seen ^(GK)slaves riding ^(GL)on horses and princes walking like slaves on the land.

⁸^(GM)One who digs a pit may fall into it, and a ^(GN)serpent may bite one who breaks through a wall. ⁹One who quarries stones may be hurt by them, and one who splits logs may be endangered by them. ¹⁰If the ^[cv]axe is dull and he does not sharpen its ^[cw]edge, then he must exert more strength. Wisdom has the advantage of bringing success. ¹¹If the serpent bites ^[cx]^(GO)before being charmed, there is no benefit for the charmer. ¹²^(GP)Words from the mouth of a wise person are gracious, while the lips of a ^(GQ)fool consume him; ¹³the beginning of ^[cy]his talking is foolishness, and the end of ^[cz]it is evil ^(GR)insanity. ¹⁴Yet the ^(GS)fool multiplies words. No person knows what will happen, and who can tell him ^(GT)what will come after him? ¹⁵The labor of ^[da]a fool makes him so weary that he does not even know how to go to a city. ¹⁶Woe to you, land whose ^(GU)king is a boy, and whose princes ^[db]feast in the morning. ¹⁷Blessed are you, land whose king is of nobility, and whose princes eat at the appropriate time—for strength and not for ^(GV)drunkenness. ¹⁸Through ^(GW)extreme laziness the rafters sag, and through idleness the house leaks. ¹⁹People prepare a meal for enjoyment, ^(GX)wine makes life joyful, and ^(GY)money ^[dc]is the answer to everything. ²⁰Furthermore, ^(GZ)in your bedroom do not ^(HA)curse a king, and in your sleeping rooms do not curse a rich person; for a bird of the sky will bring the sound, and the winged one will make your word known.

Cast Your Bread on the Waters

11 ^(HB)Cast your bread on the surface of the waters, for you ^(HC)will find it ^[dd]after many days. ²^(HD)Divide your portion to seven, or even to eight, for you do not know what ^(HE)misfortune may occur on the earth. ³If the clouds are full, they pour out rain on the earth; and whether a tree falls toward the south or toward the north, wherever the tree falls, there it ^[de]lies. ⁴One who watches the wind will not sow and one who looks at the clouds will not harvest. ⁵Just as you do not ^(HF)know the path of the ^[df]wind, and ^(HG)how bones are formed in the womb of the ^[dg]pregnant woman, so you do not ^(HH)know the activity of God who makes everything.

⁶Sow your seed ^(HI)in the morning and do not ^[dh]be idle in the evening, for you do not know whether ^[di]one or the other will succeed, or whether both of them alike will be good.

⁷The light is pleasant, and it is good for the eyes to ^(HJ)see the sun. ⁸Indeed, if a person lives many years, let him ^(HK)rejoice in them all; but let him remember the ^(HL)days of darkness, for they will be many. Everything that is to come will be futility.

⁹Rejoice, young man, during your childhood, and let your heart be pleasant during the days of young manhood. And follow the ^[dj]impulses of your heart and the ^[dk]^(HM)desires of your eyes. Yet know that ^(HN)God will bring you to judgment for all these things. ¹⁰So remove ^[dl]sorrow from your heart and keep ^[dm]^(HO)pain away from your body, because childhood and the prime of life are ^[dn]fleeting.

Remember God in Your Youth

12 ^(HP)Remember also your Creator in the days of your youth, before the ^(HQ)evil days come and the years approach when you will say, “I have no pleasure in them”; ²before the ^(HR)sun and the light, the moon and the stars are darkened, and clouds return after the rain; ³on the day that the watchmen of the house tremble, and strong men are ^(HS)bent over, the grinders stop working because they are few, and ^(HT)those who look through ^[do]windows grow ^[dp]dim; ⁴and the doors on the street are shut as the ^(HU)sound of the grinding mill is low, and one will arise at the sound of the bird, and all the ^(HV)daughters of song will ^[dq]sing softly. ⁵Furthermore, people are afraid of a high place and of terrors on the road; the almond tree blossoms, the grasshopper drags itself along, and the caper berry is ineffective. For man goes to his eternal ^(HW)home while the ^(HX)mourners move around in the street. ⁶Remember your Creator before the silver cord is ^[dr]broken and the ^(HY)golden bowl is crushed, the pitcher by the spring is shattered and the wheel at the cistern is crushed; ⁷then the ^(HZ)dust will return to the earth as it was, and the ^[ds]^(IA)spirit will return to ^(IB)God who gave it. ⁸“^(IC)Futility of futilities,” says the Preacher, “all is futility!”

Purpose of the Preacher

⁹In addition to being wise, the Preacher also taught the people knowledge; and he pondered, searched out, and arranged ^(ID)many proverbs. ¹⁰The Preacher sought to find ^(IE)delightful words and to write ^(IF)words of truth correctly.

¹¹The ^(IG)words of the wise are like ^[dt]^(IH)goads, and masters of these collections are like driven ^(II)nails; they are given by one Shepherd. ¹²But beyond this, my son, be warned: the ^[du]writing of ^(IJ)many books is endless, and excessive ^(IK)study is ^[dv]wearying to the body.

¹³The conclusion, when everything has been heard, is: ^(IL)fear God and ^(IM)keep His commandments, because this applies to ^(IN)every person. ¹⁴For ^(IO)God will bring every act to judgment, everything which is hidden, whether it is good or evil.

The Young Shulammite Bride and Jerusalem’s Daughters

1 The ^[dw]Song of ^(IP)Songs, which is Solomon’s.

^[dx]The Bride

²“May he kiss me with the kisses of his mouth!
For your ^(IQ)love is ^[dy]sweeter than wine.
³Your ^(IR)oils have a pleasing fragrance,
Your ^(IS)name is like ^[dz]purified oil;
Therefore the ^[ea]^(IT)young women love you.
⁴Draw me after you and let’s run together!
The ^(IU)king has brought me into his chambers.”

The Chorus

“We will rejoice in you and be joyful;
We will praise your ^(IV)love more than wine.
Rightly do they love you.”

The Bride

⁵“I am black and ^(IW)beautiful,
You ^(IX)daughters of Jerusalem,
Like the ^(IY)tents of ^(IZ)Kedar,
Like the curtains of Solomon.
⁶Do not stare at me because I am ^[eb]dark,
For the sun has tanned me.
My ^(JA)mother’s sons were angry with me;
They made me ^(JB)caretaker of the vineyards,
But I have not taken care of my own vineyard.
⁷Tell me, you ^(JC)whom my soul loves,
Where do you ^(JD)pasture your flock,
Where do you have it ^(JE)lie down at noon?
For why should I be like one who ^[ec]veils herself
Beside the flocks of your ^(JF)companions?”

Solomon, the Lover, Speaks

⁸“If you yourself do not know,
^(JG)Most beautiful among women,
Go out on the trail of the flock,
And pasture your young goats
By the tents of the shepherds.

⁹“^[ed]To me, ^(JH)my darling, you are like
My ^(JI)mare among the chariots of Pharaoh.
¹⁰Your ^(JJ)cheeks are delightful with jewelry,
Your neck with strings of ^(JK)beads.”

The Chorus

¹¹“We will make for you jewelry of gold
With beads of silver.”

The Bride

¹²“While the king was at his table,
My ^[ee]^(JL)perfume gave forth its fragrance.
¹³My beloved is to me a pouch of ^(JM)myrrh
Which lies all night between my breasts.
¹⁴My beloved is to me a cluster of ^(JN)henna blossoms
In the vineyards of ^(JO)Engedi.”

The Groom

¹⁵“^[ef]^(JP)How beautiful you are, my darling,
^[eg]How beautiful you are!
Your ^(JQ)eyes are like doves.”

The Bride

¹⁶“^[eh]How handsome you are, ^(JR)my beloved,
And so delightful!
Indeed, our bed is luxuriant!
¹⁷The beams of our house are ^(JS)cedars,
Our rafters, ^(JT)junipers.

The Bride’s Admiration

2 “I am the ^[ei]^(JU)rose of ^(JV)Sharon,
The ^(JW)lily of the valleys.”

The Groom

²“Like a lily among the thorns,
So is ^(JX)my darling among the ^[ej]young women.”

The Bride

³“Like an ^(JY)apple tree among the trees of the forest,
So is my beloved among the ^[ek]young men.
In his shade I took great delight and sat down,
And his ^(JZ)fruit was sweet to my ^[el]taste.
⁴He has ^(KA)brought me to his ^[em]banquet hall,
And his ^(KB)banner over me is love.
⁵Refresh me with ^(KC)raisin cakes,
Sustain me with ^(KD)apples,
Because ^(KE)I am lovesick.
⁶^(KF)His left hand is under my head,
And ^(KG)his right hand ^(KH)embraces me.”

The Groom

⁷“^(KI)Swear to me, you ^(KJ)daughters of Jerusalem,
By the ^(KK)gazelles or by the ^(KL)does of the field,
^(KM)That you will not disturb or awaken my love
Until she pleases.”

The Bride

⁸“Listen! My beloved!
Behold, he is coming,
Leaping ^(KN)on the mountains,
Jumping on the hills!
⁹My beloved is like a ^(KO)gazelle or a ^(KP)young ^[en]stag.
Behold, he is standing behind our wall,
He is looking through the windows,
He is peering ^(KQ)through the lattice.

¹⁰“My beloved responded and said to me,
‘^(KR)Arise, my darling, my beautiful one,
And come along.
¹¹For behold, the winter is past,
The rain is over and gone.
¹²The blossoms have already appeared in the land;
The time has arrived for ^[eo]pruning the vines,
And the voice of the ^(KS)turtledove has been heard in our land.
¹³The ^(KT)fig tree has ripened its fruit,
And the ^(KU)vines in blossom have given forth their fragrance.
Arise, my darling, my beautiful one,
And come along!’”

The Groom

¹⁴“^(KV)My dove, ^(KW)in the clefts of the ^[ep]rock,
In the hiding place of the mountain pathway,
Let me see ^[eq]how you look,
^(KX)Let me hear your voice;
For your voice is pleasant,
And ^[er]you look ^(KY)delightful.”

The Chorus

¹⁵“^(KZ)Catch the ^[es]foxes for us,
The ^[et]little ^[eu]foxes that are ruining the vineyards,
While our ^(LA)vineyards are in blossom.”

The Bride

¹⁶“^(LB)My beloved is mine, and I am his;
He ^(LC)pastures his flock among the lilies.
¹⁷^(LD)Until the cool of the day, when the shadows flee,
Turn, my beloved, and be like a ^(LE)gazelle
Or a young stag ^(LF)on the mountains of ^[ev]Bether.”

The Bride’s Troubled Dream

3 “On my bed night after night I sought him
^(LG)Whom my soul loves;
I ^(LH)sought him but did not find him.
²‘^[ew]I must arise now and ^[ex]go around in the city;
In the ^(LI)streets and in the public squares
^[ey]I must seek him whom my soul loves.’
I sought him but did not find him.
³^(LJ)The watchmen who make the rounds in the city found me,
And I said, ‘Have you seen him whom my soul loves?’
⁴^(LK)Hardly had I ^[ez]left them
When I found him whom my soul loves;
I ^(LL)held on to him and would not let him go
Until I had ^(LM)brought him to my mother’s house,
And into the room of her who conceived me.”

The Groom

⁵“^(LN)Swear to me, you daughters of Jerusalem,
By the ^(LO)gazelles or by the does of the field,
That you will not disturb or awaken my love
Until she pleases.”

Solomon’s Wedding Day

The Bride

⁶“^[fa]^(LP)What is this coming up from the wilderness
Like ^(LQ)columns of smoke,
Perfumed with ^(LR)myrrh and ^(LS)frankincense,
With all the scented powders of the merchant?

The Chorus

⁷Behold, it is ^[fb]the traveling couch of Solomon;
Sixty warriors around it,
Of the warriors of Israel.
⁸All of them are wielders of the sword,
^(LT)Expert in war;
Each man has his ^(LU)sword at his side,
Guarding against the ^[fc]^(LV)terrors of the night.
⁹King Solomon has made for himself a ^[fd]sedan chair
From the timber of Lebanon.
¹⁰He made its posts of silver,
Its ^[fe]back of gold
And its seat of purple fabric,
With its interior lovingly inlaid
By the ^(LW)daughters of Jerusalem.
¹¹Go out, you ^(LX)daughters of Zion,
And look at King Solomon with the ^[ff]crown
With which his mother has crowned him
On the ^(LY)day of his wedding,
And on the day of the joy of his heart.”

Solomon’s Love Expressed

4 “^[fg]How beautiful ^(LZ)you are, my darling,
^[fh]How beautiful you are!
Your ^(MA)eyes are like doves ^(MB)behind your veil;
Your ^(MC)hair is like a flock of goats
That have descended from Mount ^(MD)Gilead.
²Your ^(ME)teeth are like a flock of newly shorn sheep
Which have come up from their watering place,
All of which bear twins,
And not one among them has lost her young.
³Your lips are like a ^(MF)scarlet thread,
And your ^(MG)mouth is beautiful.
Your ^(MH)temples are like a slice of a pomegranate
Behind your veil.
⁴Your ^(MI)neck is like the tower of David,
Built with layers of stones
On which are ^(MJ)hung a thousand shields,
All the round ^(MK)shields of the warriors.
⁵Your ^(ML)two breasts are like two fawns,
Twins of a gazelle
That ^(MM)graze among the lilies.
⁶^(MN)Until ^[fi]the cool of the day
When the shadows flee,
I will go my way to the mountain of ^(MO)myrrh
And to the hill of ^(MP)frankincense.

⁷“^(MQ)You are altogether beautiful, my darling,
And there is no blemish on you.
⁸Come with me from ^(MR)Lebanon, my ^(MS)bride,
You shall come with me from Lebanon.
You shall ^[fj]come down from the summit of ^(MT)Amana,
From the summit of ^(MU)Senir and Hermon,
From the dens of lions,
From the mountains of leopards.
⁹You have ^[fk]enchanted my heart, ^(MV)my sister, my bride;
You have ^[fl]enchanted my heart with a single glance of your eyes,
With a single strand of your ^(MW)necklace.
¹⁰^(MX)How beautiful is your love, my sister, my bride!
How much ^[fm]^(MY)sweeter is your love than wine,
And the ^(MZ)fragrance of your oils
Than that of all kinds of balsam oils!
¹¹Your lips ^(NA)drip ^(NB)honey, my bride;
Honey and milk are under your tongue,
And the fragrance of your garments is like the ^(NC)fragrance of Lebanon.
¹²A locked garden is my sister, my bride,
A locked spring, a ^(ND)sealed ^(NE)fountain.
¹³Your branches are an ^[fn]^(NF)orchard of ^(NG)pomegranates
With ^(NH)delicious fruits, ^(NI)henna with nard plants,
¹⁴^(NJ)Nard and saffron, spice reed and ^(NK)cinnamon,
With all the trees of ^(NL)frankincense,
^(NM)Myrrh, and aloes, along with all the finest balsam oils.
¹⁵You are a garden spring,
A well of ^[fo]^(NN)fresh water,
And flowing streams from Lebanon.”

The Bride

¹⁶“Awake, north wind,
And come, wind of the south;
^[fp]Make my ^(NO)garden breathe out fragrance,
May its balsam oils flow.
May ^(NP)my beloved come into his garden
And eat its ^(NQ)delicious fruits!”

The Torment of Separation

The Groom

5 “I have ^(NR)come into my garden, ^(NS)my sister, my bride;
I have gathered my ^(NT)myrrh along with my balsam.
I have eaten my honeycomb with my ^(NU)honey;
I have ^(NV)drunk my wine with my milk.
Eat, ^(NW)friends;
Drink and ^[fq]drink deeply, lovers.”

The Bride

²“I was asleep but my heart was awake.
A voice! My beloved was knocking:
‘Open to me, ^(NX)my sister, my darling,
^(NY)My dove, my perfect one!
For my head is ^[fr]drenched with dew,
My ^(NZ)locks with the dew drops of the night.’
³I have ^(OA)taken off my dress,
How can I put it on again?
I have ^(OB)washed my feet,
How can I dirty them again?
⁴My beloved extended his hand through the opening,
And my ^(OC)feelings were stirred for him.
⁵I arose to open to my beloved;
And my hands ^(OD)dripped with myrrh,
And my fingers with drops of myrrh,
On the handles of the bolt.
⁶I opened to my beloved,
But my beloved had ^(OE)turned away and had gone!
My ^[fs]heart went out to him as he ^(OF)spoke.
I ^(OG)searched for him but I did not find him;
I ^(OH)called him but he did not answer me.
⁷The ^(OI)watchmen who make the rounds in the city found me,
They struck me and wounded me;
The guards of the walls took my shawl away from me.
⁸^(OJ)Swear to me, you daughters of Jerusalem,
If you find my beloved,
As to what you will tell him:
For ^(OK)I am lovesick.”

The Chorus

⁹“^[ft]What kind of beloved is your beloved,
O ^(OL)most beautiful among women?
^[fu]What kind of beloved is your beloved,
That you make us swear in this way?”

Admiration by the Bride

The Bride

¹⁰“My beloved is dazzling and ^[fv]^(OM)reddish,
^(ON)Outstanding among ten thousand.
¹¹His head is like gold, pure gold;
His ^(OO)locks are like clusters of dates
And black as a raven.
¹²His ^(OP)eyes are like doves
Beside streams of water,
Bathed in milk,
And perched in their ^(OQ)setting.
¹³His cheeks are like a ^(OR)bed of balsam,
^[fw]Banks of herbal spices;
His lips are ^(OS)lilies
^(OT)Dripping with drops of myrrh.
¹⁴His hands are rods of gold
Set with ^(OU)topaz;
His abdomen is panels of ivory
Covered with ^[fx]^(OV)sapphires.
¹⁵His thighs are pillars of alabaster
Set on pedestals of pure gold;
His appearance is like ^(OW)Lebanon,
Choice as the ^(OX)cedars.
¹⁶His ^[fy]^(OY)mouth is full of sweetness.
And he is wholly ^(OZ)desirable.
This is my beloved and this is my friend,
You daughters of Jerusalem.”

Mutual Delight in Each Other

The Chorus

6 “^(PA)Where has your beloved gone,
O ^(PB)most beautiful among women?
Where has your beloved turned,
That we may seek him with you?”

The Bride

²“My beloved has gone down to his ^(PC)garden,
To the ^(PD)beds of balsam,
To ^(PE)pasture his flock in the gardens
And gather ^(PF)lilies.
³^(PG)I am my beloved’s and my beloved is mine,
He who ^(PH)pastures his flock among the lilies.”

The Groom

⁴“^(PI)You are as beautiful as ^(PJ)Tirzah, my darling,
As ^(PK)lovely as ^(PL)Jerusalem,
As ^(PM)awesome as an army with banners.
⁵Turn your eyes away from me,
For they have confused me;
^(PN)Your hair is like a flock of goats
That have descended from Gilead.
⁶^(PO)Your teeth are like a flock of ewes
That have come up from their watering place,
All of which bear twins,
And not one among them has lost her young.
⁷^(PP)Your temples are like a slice of a pomegranate
Behind your veil.
⁸There are sixty ^(PQ)queens and eighty concubines,
And ^[fz]^(PR)young women without number;
⁹But ^(PS)my dove, my perfect one, is ^[ga]unique:
She is her mother’s ^[gb]only daughter;
She is the pure child of the one who gave birth to her.
The ^[gc]^(PT)young women saw her and called her ^[gd]blessed,
The ^(PU)queens and the concubines also, and they praised her, saying,

¹⁰‘Who is this who looks down like the dawn,
As beautiful as the full ^(PV)moon,
As pure ^(PW)as the sun,
As ^(PX)awesome as an army with banners?’
¹¹I went down to the orchard of nut trees
To see the plants of the valley,
To see whether ^(PY)the vine had grown
Or the ^(PZ)pomegranates had bloomed.
¹²^[ge]Before I was aware, my soul set me
Over the chariots of ^[gf]my noble people.”

The Chorus

¹³“^[gg]Come back, come back, O Shulammite;
Come back, come back, so that we may look at you!”

The Groom

“Why should you look at the Shulammite,
As at the ^(QA)dance of ^[gh]^(QB)the two armies?

Admiration by the Groom

7 “^[gi]How beautiful are your feet in sandals,
^[gj]^(QC)Prince’s daughter!
The curves of your hips are like jewels,
The work of the hands of an artist.
²Your navel is like a round goblet
That never lacks mixed wine;
Your belly is like a heap of wheat,
^[gk]Surrounded with lilies.
³Your ^(QD)two breasts are like two fawns,
Twins of a gazelle.
⁴Your ^(QE)neck is like a tower of ivory,
Your eyes like the pools in ^(QF)Heshbon
By the gate of Bath-rabbim;
Your nose is like the tower of Lebanon,
Which looks toward Damascus.
⁵Your head ^[gl]crowns you like ^(QG)Carmel,
And the flowing hair of your head is like purple threads;
The king is captivated by your tresses.
⁶How ^(QH)beautiful and how delightful you are,
^[gm]My love, with all your delights!
⁷^[gn]Your stature is like a palm tree,
And your breasts are like its clusters.
⁸I said, ‘I will climb the palm tree,
I will grasp its fruit stalks.’
Oh, may your breasts be like clusters of the vine,
And the fragrance of your ^[go]breath like ^(QI)apples,
⁹And your ^[gp]^(QJ)mouth like the best wine!”

The Bride

“It ^(QK)goes down smoothly for my beloved,
Flowing gently through the lips of those who are asleep.

The Union of Love

¹⁰“^(QL)I am my beloved’s,
And his ^(QM)desire is for me.
¹¹Come, my beloved, let’s go out to the ^[gq]country,
Let’s spend the night in the villages.
¹²Let’s rise early and go to the vineyards;
Let’s ^(QN)see whether the vine has grown
And its buds have opened,
And whether the pomegranates have bloomed.
There I will give you my love.
¹³The ^(QO)mandrakes have given forth fragrance;
And over our doors are all ^(QP)delicious fruits,
New as well as old,
Which I have saved for you, my beloved.

The Lovers Speak

8 “Oh that you were like a brother to me
Who nursed at my mother’s breasts.
If I found you outdoors, I would kiss you;
No one would despise me, either.
²I would lead you and ^(QQ)bring you
Into the house of my mother, who used to instruct me;
I would give you spiced wine to drink from the juice of my pomegranates.
³Let ^(QR)his left hand be under my head,
And his right hand embrace me.”

The Groom

⁴“^(QS)Swear to me, you daughters of Jerusalem:
^[gr]Do not disturb or awaken my love
Until she pleases.”

The Chorus

⁵“^(QT)Who is this coming up from the wilderness,
Leaning on her beloved?”

The Bride

“Beneath the ^(QU)apple tree I awakened you;
There your mother went into labor with you,
There she was in labor and gave birth to you.
⁶Put me like a seal over your heart,
Like a ^(QV)seal on your arm.
For love is as strong as death,
^[gs]^(QW)Jealousy is as severe as Sheol;
Its flames are flames of fire,
^[gt]The flame of the Lord.
⁷Many waters cannot quench love,
Nor will rivers flood over it;
^(QX)If a man were to give all the riches of his house for love,
It would be utterly despised.”

The Chorus

⁸“We have a little sister,
And she ^(QY)has no breasts;
What shall we do for our sister
On the day when she is spoken for?
⁹If she is a wall,
We will build on her a battlement of silver;
But if she is a door,
We will barricade her with ^(QZ)planks of cedar.”

The Bride

¹⁰“I was a wall, and ^(RA)my breasts were like towers;
Then I became in his eyes as one who finds peace.
¹¹Solomon had a ^(RB)vineyard at Baal-hamon;
He ^(RC)entrusted the vineyard to ^(RD)caretakers.
Each one was to bring a ^(RE)thousand shekels of silver for its ^(RF)fruit.
¹²My very own vineyard is ^[gu]at my disposal;
The thousand shekels are for you, Solomon,
And two hundred are for those who take care of its fruit.”