La fuite dans les plaisirs

Je me suis dit en moi-même : « Va donc, teste les plaisirs, et goûte à ce qui est bon. » Mais cela aussi est vain. Du rire, j’ai dit : « C’est absurde », et de l’hilarité : « A quoi cela m’avance-t-il ? »

Puis j’ai décidé en moi-même de m’adonner au vin[a], tout en continuant à me conduire avec sagesse, et j’ai résolu de me lancer dans la folie, le temps de voir ce qu’il est bon pour les humains de faire sous le ciel pendant les jours qu’ils ont à y vivre.

La fuite dans les grandes entreprises

J’ai réalisé de grandes choses. Je me suis bâti des maisons. Je me suis planté des vignes[b]. Je me suis aménagé des jardins et des vergers et j’y ai planté des arbres fruitiers de toutes sortes. Je me suis fait des bassins pour irriguer des pépinières où croissent des arbres.

Je me suis procuré des esclaves et des servantes, j’ai eu du personnel domestique[c]. J’ai possédé en abondance du gros et du menu bétail, bien plus que tous ceux qui m’ont précédé à Jérusalem.

Je me suis amassé de l’argent et de l’or, provenant des trésors des rois et des provinces[d]. J’ai formé des chanteurs et des chanteuses et, délice suprême des hommes, j’ai eu des femmes en quantité[e].

Ainsi j’ai été grand, et j’ai surpassé tous ceux qui m’ont précédé à Jérusalem. En tout cela, ma sagesse m’assistait. 10 Je ne me suis rien refusé de tout ce que je voyais et désirais. Je ne me suis privé d’aucun plaisir. Oui, j’ai joui de tout mon labeur et c’est la part que j’ai retirée de toute la peine que je me suis donnée.

11 Puis j’ai considéré l’ensemble de mes réalisations, et toute la peine que je m’étais donnée pour les accomplir. Et voici ma conclusion : tout est vain ; autant courir après le vent. On n’en tire aucun avantage sous le soleil[f].

La sagesse, la folie et le travail : bilan

12 Puis j’ai considéré et examiné la sagesse ainsi que la folie et la déraison : qu’en sera-t-il de l’homme qui succédera au roi ? Il fera ce qu’on a déjà fait par le passé.

13 J’ai constaté que la sagesse est plus avantageuse que la déraison, tout comme la lumière est plus avantageuse que les ténèbres. 14 Le sage a des yeux pour voir, alors que l’insensé marche dans les ténèbres.

Cependant, j’ai aussi constaté qu’un même sort attend l’un et l’autre.

15 Alors je me suis dit en moi-même : « Je vais connaître le même sort que l’insensé ; à quoi bon avoir été plus sage ? » Et j’ai conclu en moi-même que cela aussi était déplorable.

16 Car on ne se souviendra pas longtemps du sage, pas plus que de l’insensé et, dans les temps à venir, tous deux tomberont dans l’oubli. Car le sage mourra aussi bien que l’insensé.

17 Alors j’en suis venu à haïr la vie, car tout ce qui se fait sous le soleil m’est apparu détestable, parce que tout est dérisoire : autant courir après le vent.

18 J’ai fini par prendre en dégoût tout le labeur pour lequel je me suis donné tant de peine sous le soleil et dont je devrai laisser le fruit à mon successeur. 19 Car qui sait s’il sera sage ou insensé ? Pourtant, c’est lui qui disposera de tout ce que j’ai réalisé sous le soleil grâce à mon labeur pour lequel j’ai trimé et mis en œuvre la sagesse. Cela aussi est déplorable.

20 Aussi j’en suis arrivé au désespoir en pensant à tout le labeur pour lequel je me suis donné tant de peine sous le soleil. 21 En effet, on accomplit son labeur avec sagesse, compétence et adresse, et c’est à quelqu’un qui n’a jamais participé à ce travail qu’on laisse tout ce qu’on en a retiré. Cela aussi est déplorable, et c’est un grand mal.

22 Car, que retire l’homme de tout son labeur et de toutes ses préoccupations pour lesquels il s’est donné tant de peine sous le soleil ?

23 Ses journées lui apportent bien des maux, ses occupations lui occasionnent bien des souffrances. Même la nuit, il ne trouve pas de repos. Cela aussi est déplorable.

24 Il n’y a rien de bon pour l’homme, sinon manger, boire et se donner du bon temps au milieu de son dur labeur. Et j’ai constaté que cela même vient de la main de Dieu[g].

25 En effet, qui peut manger et profiter de la vie sans que cela vienne de lui[h] ?

26 Car Dieu donne à l’homme qui se comporte bien à ses yeux[i] la sagesse, la connaissance et la joie, mais il impose comme occupation à celui qui fait le mal le soin de recueillir et d’amasser pour celui qui se comporte bien à ses yeux.

Cela aussi est dérisoire : autant courir après le vent.

Footnotes

  1. 2.3 Autre traduction : Dans le cadre de ma recherche et de ma réflexion, je me suis adonné au vin.
  2. 2.4 Pour les v. 4-9, voir 1 R 5.2-4 ; 10.10, 14-27 ; 1 Ch 29.25 ; 2 Ch 9.22-27.
  3. 2.7 Autre traduction : beaucoup d’esclaves nés dans ma maison.
  4. 2.8 Autre traduction : et des trésors dignes d’un roi provenant de régions diverses.
  5. 2.8 Mot hébreu de sens incertain. Autres traductions : des servantes, des princesses, le luxe. Le terme apparenté en langue cananéenne signifie : concubine, maîtresse.
  6. 2.11 Voir Ps 62.10.
  7. 2.24 Voir 3.12-13 ; 5.18 ; 8.15 ; 9.7.
  8. 2.25 D’après l’ancienne version grecque. Le texte hébreu traditionnel a : sinon moi-même.
  9. 2.26 Autre traduction : qui lui est agréable.

Pleasures Are Meaningless

I said to myself, “Come now, I will test you with pleasure(A) to find out what is good.” But that also proved to be meaningless. “Laughter,”(B) I said, “is madness. And what does pleasure accomplish?” I tried cheering myself with wine,(C) and embracing folly(D)—my mind still guiding me with wisdom. I wanted to see what was good for people to do under the heavens during the few days of their lives.

I undertook great projects: I built houses for myself(E) and planted vineyards.(F) I made gardens and parks and planted all kinds of fruit trees in them. I made reservoirs to water groves of flourishing trees. I bought male and female slaves and had other slaves(G) who were born in my house. I also owned more herds and flocks than anyone in Jerusalem before me. I amassed silver and gold(H) for myself, and the treasure of kings and provinces.(I) I acquired male and female singers,(J) and a harem[a] as well—the delights of a man’s heart. I became greater by far than anyone in Jerusalem(K) before me.(L) In all this my wisdom stayed with me.

10 I denied myself nothing my eyes desired;
    I refused my heart no pleasure.
My heart took delight in all my labor,
    and this was the reward for all my toil.
11 Yet when I surveyed all that my hands had done
    and what I had toiled to achieve,
everything was meaningless, a chasing after the wind;(M)
    nothing was gained under the sun.(N)

Wisdom and Folly Are Meaningless

12 Then I turned my thoughts to consider wisdom,
    and also madness and folly.(O)
What more can the king’s successor do
    than what has already been done?(P)
13 I saw that wisdom(Q) is better than folly,(R)
    just as light is better than darkness.
14 The wise have eyes in their heads,
    while the fool walks in the darkness;
but I came to realize
    that the same fate overtakes them both.(S)

15 Then I said to myself,

“The fate of the fool will overtake me also.
    What then do I gain by being wise?”(T)
I said to myself,
    “This too is meaningless.”
16 For the wise, like the fool, will not be long remembered;(U)
    the days have already come when both have been forgotten.(V)
Like the fool, the wise too must die!(W)

Toil Is Meaningless

17 So I hated life, because the work that is done under the sun was grievous to me. All of it is meaningless, a chasing after the wind.(X) 18 I hated all the things I had toiled for under the sun, because I must leave them to the one who comes after me.(Y) 19 And who knows whether that person will be wise or foolish?(Z) Yet they will have control over all the fruit of my toil into which I have poured my effort and skill under the sun. This too is meaningless. 20 So my heart began to despair over all my toilsome labor under the sun. 21 For a person may labor with wisdom, knowledge and skill, and then they must leave all they own to another who has not toiled for it. This too is meaningless and a great misfortune. 22 What do people get for all the toil and anxious striving with which they labor under the sun?(AA) 23 All their days their work is grief and pain;(AB) even at night their minds do not rest.(AC) This too is meaningless.

24 A person can do nothing better than to eat and drink(AD) and find satisfaction in their own toil.(AE) This too, I see, is from the hand of God,(AF) 25 for without him, who can eat or find enjoyment?(AG) 26 To the person who pleases him, God gives wisdom,(AH) knowledge and happiness, but to the sinner he gives the task of gathering and storing up wealth(AI) to hand it over to the one who pleases God.(AJ) This too is meaningless, a chasing after the wind.

Footnotes

  1. Ecclesiastes 2:8 The meaning of the Hebrew for this phrase is uncertain.

The Vanity of Pleasure(A)

I said (B)in my heart, “Come now, I will test you with (C)mirth; [a]therefore enjoy pleasure”; but surely, (D)this also was vanity. I said of laughter—“Madness!”; and of mirth, “What does it accomplish?” (E)I searched in my heart how [b]to gratify my flesh with wine, while guiding my heart with wisdom, and how to lay hold on folly, till I might see what was (F)good for the sons of men to do under heaven all the days of their lives.

I made my works great, I built myself (G)houses, and planted myself vineyards. I made myself gardens and orchards, and I planted all kinds of fruit trees in them. I made myself water pools from which to [c]water the growing trees of the grove. I acquired male and female servants, and had [d]servants born in my house. Yes, I had greater possessions of herds and flocks than all who were in Jerusalem before me. (H)I also gathered for myself silver and gold and the special treasures of kings and of the provinces. I acquired male and female singers, the delights of the sons of men, and [e]musical instruments of all kinds.

(I)So I became great and [f]excelled (J)more than all who were before me in Jerusalem. Also my wisdom remained with me.

10 Whatever my eyes desired I did not keep from them.
I did not withhold my heart from any pleasure,
For my heart rejoiced in all my labor;
And (K)this was my [g]reward from all my labor.
11 Then I looked on all the works that my hands had done
And on the labor in which I had toiled;
And indeed all was (L)vanity and grasping for the wind.
There was no profit under the sun.

The End of the Wise and the Fool

12 Then I turned myself to consider wisdom (M)and madness and folly;
For what can the man do who succeeds the king?—
Only what he has already (N)done.
13 Then I saw that wisdom (O)excels folly
As light excels darkness.
14 (P)The wise man’s eyes are in his head,
But the fool walks in darkness.
Yet I myself perceived
That (Q)the same event happens to them all.

15 So I said in my heart,
“As it happens to the fool,
It also happens to me,
And why was I then more wise?”
Then I said in my heart,
“This also is vanity.”
16 For there is (R)no more remembrance of the wise than of the fool forever,
Since all that now is will be forgotten in the days to come.
And how does a wise man die?
As the fool!

17 Therefore I hated life because the work that was done under the sun was distressing to me, for all is vanity and grasping for the wind.

18 Then I hated all my labor in which I had toiled under the sun, because (S)I must leave it to the man who will come after me. 19 And who knows whether he will be wise or a fool? Yet he will rule over all my labor in which I toiled and in which I have shown myself wise under the sun. This also is vanity. 20 Therefore I turned my heart and despaired of all the labor in which I had toiled under the sun. 21 For there is a man whose labor is with wisdom, knowledge, and skill; yet he must leave his [h]heritage to a man who has not labored for it. This also is vanity and a great evil. 22 (T)For what has man for all his labor, and for the striving of his heart with which he has toiled under the sun? 23 For all his days are (U)sorrowful, and his work burdensome; even in the night his heart takes no rest. This also is vanity.

24 (V)Nothing is better for a man than that he should eat and drink, and that his soul should enjoy good in his labor. This also, I saw, was from the hand of God. 25 For who can eat, or who can have enjoyment, [i]more than I? 26 For God gives (W)wisdom and knowledge and joy to a man who is good in His sight; but to the sinner He gives the work of gathering and collecting, that (X)he may give to him who is good before God. This also is vanity and grasping for the wind.

Footnotes

  1. Ecclesiastes 2:1 gladness
  2. Ecclesiastes 2:3 Lit. to draw my flesh
  3. Ecclesiastes 2:6 irrigate
  4. Ecclesiastes 2:7 Lit. sons of my house
  5. Ecclesiastes 2:8 Exact meaning unknown
  6. Ecclesiastes 2:9 Lit. increased
  7. Ecclesiastes 2:10 Lit. portion
  8. Ecclesiastes 2:21 Lit. portion
  9. Ecclesiastes 2:25 So with MT, Tg., Vg.; some Heb. mss., LXX, Syr. without Him

我心裡想:「來吧,不如盡情享樂,好好享受!」唉!結果這也是虛空。 我說:「歡笑只不過是一陣狂妄,享樂又有什麼用!」 於是,我決意用酒使自己快樂,在體驗愚昧的同時仍然保持理智,直到我明白在短暫的人生歲月中做何事才有益。 我大動工程,為自己建造房屋,栽種葡萄園, 開墾花圃園囿,種植各種果樹, 開鑿池塘,澆灌茂林。 我買了僕婢,又有生在家中的僕婢,擁有的牛羊遠超過有史以來耶路撒冷的任何人。 我為自己積聚金銀,搜羅列王和各省的奇珍異寶,得到男女歌優及許多妃嬪——都是世人所想望的。 這樣,我便財勢日增,享譽盛名,超過耶路撒冷歷來所有的人。然而,我仍然保持智慧。 10 凡我眼睛愛看的、心裡渴慕的,我都隨心所欲,盡情享受。我的心從勞碌中得到歡樂,這是我勞碌所得的回報。 11 然而,當我回顧雙手辛勤經營的一切成就時,唉,卻發現都是虛空,都是捕風;日光之下的一切都毫無益處。 12 於是,我轉念思考什麼是智慧、狂妄和愚昧。其實以後接替君王的人除了重演歷史之外,還能做什麼呢? 13 我領悟到智慧勝過愚昧,如同光明勝過黑暗。 14 智者高瞻遠矚,愚人卻在黑暗中摸索。但我知道兩者終必有同樣的命運。 15 於是,我想:「既然愚人的命運也將是我的命運,我有智慧又怎麼樣呢?我只能說,『這也是虛空。』」 16 因為智者和愚人一樣,不過被人記得一時,日後都會被遺忘。兩者都難逃死亡。 17 所以,我憎惡生命,因為在日光之下所做的一切都令我愁煩。唉!這一切都是虛空,都是捕風。 18 我憎惡自己在日光之下勞碌得來的一切,因為這些必留給後人。 19 誰知道那人是智者還是愚人呢?然而,他卻要接管我在日光之下用智慧辛勤經營的產業。這也是虛空。 20 因此,我對自己在日光之下一切的勞碌感到絕望。 21 一個人用智慧、知識和技能所得來的一切,卻要留給不勞而獲的人享用,這也是虛空,是極大的不幸! 22 世人在日光之下勞心勞力,究竟得到什麼呢? 23 他們一生充滿痛苦,勞碌中盡是愁煩,即使夜間心裡也不安寧。這也是虛空。 24 對人而言,沒有什麼比吃喝並享受勞碌之樂更好,我看這也是出自上帝的手。 25 離了上帝,誰還能吃喝享受呢? 26 上帝把智慧、知識和喜樂賜給祂喜悅的人,卻讓罪人忙於積攢財富,然後把他們的財富賜給祂喜悅的人。這也是虛空,也是捕風。