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1. LA SUPERIORITA' DEL CRISTO SUI SACERDOTI LEVITICI

Melchisedek

Questo Melchìsedek infatti, re di Salem, sacerdote del Dio Altissimo, andò incontro ad Abramo mentre ritornava dalla sconfitta dei re e lo benedisse; a lui Abramo diede la decima di ogni cosa; anzitutto il suo nome tradotto significa re di giustizia; è inoltre anche re di Salem, cioè re di pace. Egli è senza padre, senza madre, senza genealogia, senza principio di giorni né fine di vita, fatto simile al Figlio di Dio e rimane sacerdote in eterno.

Melchisedek ha ricevuto la decima da Abramo

Considerate pertanto quanto sia grande costui, al quale Abramo, il patriarca, diede la decima del suo bottino. In verità anche quelli dei figli di Levi, che assumono il sacerdozio, hanno il mandato di riscuotere, secondo la legge, la decima dal popolo, cioè dai loro fratelli, essi pure discendenti da Abramo. Egli invece, che non era della loro stirpe, prese la decima da Abramo e benedisse colui che era depositario della promessa. Ora, senza dubbio, è l'inferiore che è benedetto dal superiore. Inoltre, qui riscuotono le decime uomini mortali; là invece le riscuote uno di cui si attesta che vive. Anzi si può dire che lo stesso Levi, che pur riceve le decime, ha versato la sua decima in Abramo: 10 egli si trovava infatti ancora nei lombi del suo antenato quando gli venne incontro Melchìsedek.

Dal sacerdozio levitico al sacerdozio secondo l'ordine di Melchisedek

11 Or dunque, se la perfezione fosse stata possibile per mezzo del sacerdozio levitico - sotto di esso il popolo ha ricevuto la legge - che bisogno c'era che sorgesse un altro sacerdote alla maniera di Melchìsedek, e non invece alla maniera di Aronne? 12 Infatti, mutato il sacerdozio, avviene necessariamente anche un mutamento della legge. 13 Questo si dice di chi è appartenuto a un'altra tribù, della quale nessuno mai fu addetto all'altare. 14 E' noto infatti che il Signore nostro è germogliato da Giuda e di questa tribù Mosè non disse nulla riguardo al sacerdozio.

L'abrogazione della legge antica

15 Ciò risulta ancor più evidente dal momento che, a somiglianza di Melchìsedek, sorge un altro sacerdote, 16 che non è diventato tale per ragione di una prescrizione carnale, ma per la potenza di una vita indefettibile. 17 Gli è resa infatti questa testimonianza:

Tu sei sacerdote in eterno alla maniera di Melchìsedek.

18 Si ha così l'abrogazione di un ordinamento precedente a causa della sua debolezza e inutilità - 19 la legge infatti non ha portato nulla alla perfezione - e si ha invece l'introduzione di una speranza migliore, grazie alla quale ci avviciniamo a Dio.

Immutabilità del sacerdozio del Cristo

20 Inoltre ciò non avvenne senza giuramento. Quelli infatti diventavano sacerdoti senza giuramento; 21 costui al contrario con un giuramento di colui che gli ha detto:

Il Signore ha giurato e non si pentirà:
tu sei sacerdote per sempre.

22 Per questo, Gesù è diventato garante di un'alleanza migliore.

23 Inoltre, quelli sono diventati sacerdoti in gran numero, perché la morte impediva loro di durare a lungo; 24 egli invece, poiché resta per sempre, possiede un sacerdozio che non tramonta. 25 Perciò può salvare perfettamente quelli che per mezzo di lui si accostano a Dio, essendo egli sempre vivo per intercedere a loro favore.

Perfezione del sommo sacerdote celeste

26 Tale era infatti il sommo sacerdote che ci occorreva: santo, innocente, senza macchia, separato dai peccatori ed elevato sopra i cieli; 27 egli non ha bisogno ogni giorno, come gli altri sommi sacerdoti, di offrire sacrifici prima per i propri peccati e poi per quelli del popolo, poiché egli ha fatto questo una volta per tutte, offrendo se stesso. 28 La legge infatti costituisce sommi sacerdoti uomini soggetti all'umana debolezza, ma la parola del giuramento, posteriore alla legge, costituisce il Figlio che è stato reso perfetto in eterno.

The Priestly Order of Melchizedek

This “Melchizedek, king of Salem, priest of the Most High God, met Abraham as he was returning from defeating the kings and blessed him,”(A) and to him Abraham apportioned “one-tenth of everything.” His name, in the first place, means “king of righteousness”; next, he is also king of Salem, that is, “king of peace.” Without father, without mother, without genealogy, having neither beginning of days nor end of life but resembling the Son of God, he remains a priest forever.(B)

See how great he is! Even[a] Abraham the patriarch gave him a tenth of the spoils.(C) And those descendants of Levi who receive the priestly office have a commandment in the law to collect tithes[b] from the people, that is, from their kindred, though these also are descended from Abraham.(D) But this man, who does not belong to their ancestry, collected tithes[c] from Abraham and blessed him who had received the promises.(E) It is beyond dispute that the inferior is blessed by the superior. In the one case, tithes are received by those who are mortal; in the other, by one of whom it is testified that he lives.(F) One might even say that Levi himself, who receives tithes, paid tithes through Abraham, 10 for he was still in the loins of his ancestor when Melchizedek met him.

Another Priest, Like Melchizedek

11 Now if perfection had been attainable through the Levitical priesthood—for the people received the law under this priesthood—what further need would there have been to speak of another priest arising according to the order of Melchizedek rather than one according to the order of Aaron?(G) 12 For when there is a change in the priesthood, there is necessarily a change in the law as well. 13 Now the one of whom these things are spoken belonged to another tribe, from which no one has ever served at the altar. 14 For it is evident that our Lord was descended from Judah, and in connection with that tribe Moses said nothing about priests.(H)

15 It is even more obvious when another priest arises, resembling Melchizedek, 16 one who has become a priest, not through a legal requirement concerning physical descent but through the power of an indestructible life.(I) 17 For it is attested of him,

“You are a priest forever,
    according to the order of Melchizedek.”(J)

18 There is, on the one hand, the abrogation of an earlier commandment because it was weak and ineffectual(K) 19 (for the law made nothing perfect); there is, on the other hand, the introduction of a better hope through which we approach God.(L)

20 This was confirmed with an oath, for others have become priests without an oath, 21 but this one became a priest with an oath because of the one who said to him,

“The Lord has sworn
    and will not change his mind,
‘You are a priest forever’ ”[d](M)

22 accordingly Jesus has also become the guarantor of a better covenant.(N)

23 Furthermore, the former priests were many in number because they were prevented by death from continuing in office, 24 but he holds his priesthood permanently because he continues forever. 25 Consequently, he is able for all time to save[e] those who approach God through him, since he always lives to make intercession for them.(O)

26 For it was fitting that we should have such a high priest, holy, blameless, undefiled, separated from sinners, and exalted above the heavens.(P) 27 Unlike the other[f] high priests, he has no need to offer sacrifices day after day, first for his own sins and then for those of the people; this he did once for all when he offered himself.(Q) 28 For the law appoints as high priests humans, who are subject to weakness, but the word of the oath, which came later than the law, appoints a Son who has been made perfect forever.(R)

Footnotes

  1. 7.4 Other ancient authorities lack Even
  2. 7.5 Or a tenth
  3. 7.6 Or a tenth
  4. 7.21 Other ancient witnesses add according to the order of Melchizedek
  5. 7.25 Or able to save completely
  6. 7.27 Gk lacks other

For this Melchisedec, king of Salem, priest of the most high God, who met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings, and blessed him;

To whom also Abraham gave a tenth part of all; first being by interpretation King of righteousness, and after that also King of Salem, which is, King of peace;

Without father, without mother, without descent, having neither beginning of days, nor end of life; but made like unto the Son of God; abideth a priest continually.

Now consider how great this man was, unto whom even the patriarch Abraham gave the tenth of the spoils.

And verily they that are of the sons of Levi, who receive the office of the priesthood, have a commandment to take tithes of the people according to the law, that is, of their brethren, though they come out of the loins of Abraham:

But he whose descent is not counted from them received tithes of Abraham, and blessed him that had the promises.

And without all contradiction the less is blessed of the better.

And here men that die receive tithes; but there he receiveth them, of whom it is witnessed that he liveth.

And as I may so say, Levi also, who receiveth tithes, payed tithes in Abraham.

10 For he was yet in the loins of his father, when Melchisedec met him.

11 If therefore perfection were by the Levitical priesthood, (for under it the people received the law,) what further need was there that another priest should rise after the order of Melchisedec, and not be called after the order of Aaron?

12 For the priesthood being changed, there is made of necessity a change also of the law.

13 For he of whom these things are spoken pertaineth to another tribe, of which no man gave attendance at the altar.

14 For it is evident that our Lord sprang out of Juda; of which tribe Moses spake nothing concerning priesthood.

15 And it is yet far more evident: for that after the similitude of Melchisedec there ariseth another priest,

16 Who is made, not after the law of a carnal commandment, but after the power of an endless life.

17 For he testifieth, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec.

18 For there is verily a disannulling of the commandment going before for the weakness and unprofitableness thereof.

19 For the law made nothing perfect, but the bringing in of a better hope did; by the which we draw nigh unto God.

20 And inasmuch as not without an oath he was made priest:

21 (For those priests were made without an oath; but this with an oath by him that said unto him, The Lord sware and will not repent, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec:)

22 By so much was Jesus made a surety of a better testament.

23 And they truly were many priests, because they were not suffered to continue by reason of death:

24 But this man, because he continueth ever, hath an unchangeable priesthood.

25 Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them.

26 For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens;

27 Who needeth not daily, as those high priests, to offer up sacrifice, first for his own sins, and then for the people's: for this he did once, when he offered up himself.

28 For the law maketh men high priests which have infirmity; but the word of the oath, which was since the law, maketh the Son, who is consecrated for evermore.