De tio budorden

Mose kallade samman hela Israel och sade till dem: Hör, Israel, de stadgar och föreskrifter som jag i dag kungör för er. Lär er dem och håll fast vid och följ dem.

(A) Herren vår Gud slöt ett förbund med oss på Horeb. Det var inte med våra fäder Herren slöt förbundet, utan med oss som står här i dag, oss alla som nu lever. (B) Ansikte mot ansikte talade Herren till er ur elden på berget. (C) Jag stod då mellan Herren och er för att förkunna Herrens ord för er, för ni var rädda för elden och steg inte upp på berget. Han sade:

(D) Jag är Herren din Gud som har fört dig ut ur Egyptens land, ur träldomshuset.[a]

(E) Du ska inte ha andra gudar vid sidan av mig.[b]

Du ska inte göra dig någon bildstod eller avbild av det som är uppe i himlen eller nere på jorden eller i vattnet under jorden. (F) Du ska inte tillbe dem eller tjäna dem, för jag, Herren din Gud, är en nitisk Gud. Jag låter straffet för fädernas missgärning drabba barnen till tredje och fjärde led när man hatar mig, 10 men visar nåd mot tusentals[c] när man älskar mig och håller mina bud.

11 Du ska inte missbruka Herren din Guds namn, för Herren ska inte låta den bli ostraffad som missbrukar hans namn.

12 Håll sabbatsdagen[d] så att du helgar den, så som Herren din Gud har befallt dig. 13 Sex dagar ska du arbeta och uträtta alla dina sysslor. 14 (G) Men den sjunde dagen är Herren din Guds sabbat. Då ska du inte utföra något arbete, inte heller din son eller dotter, din tjänare eller tjänarinna, din oxe eller åsna eller något av dina dragdjur, eller främlingen som bor hos dig inom dina portar. Din tjänare och din tjänarinna ska få vila liksom du. 15 Kom ihåg att du var slav i Egyptens land, och att Herren din Gud har fört dig ut därifrån med stark hand och uträckt arm. Därför har Herren din Gud befallt dig att hålla sabbatsdagen.

16 [e]Hedra din far och din mor[f], så som Herren din Gud har befallt dig, så att du får leva länge och det går dig väl i det land som Herren din Gud ger dig.

17 Du ska inte mörda[g].

18 Du ska inte begå äktenskapsbrott[h].

19 Du ska inte stjäla[i].

20 Du ska inte bära falskt vittnesbörd mot din nästa.

21 Du ska inte ha begär[j] till din nästas hustru. Du ska inte ha begär till din nästas hus eller åker, hans tjänare eller tjänarinna, hans oxe eller åsna eller något annat som tillhör din nästa.

22 Dessa ord talade Herren med hög röst till hela er församling på berget, ur elden, molnskyn och töcknet, och han tillade inget mer. Och han skrev orden på två stentavlor som han gav åt mig.

Mose träder fram som medlare

23 När ni hörde rösten ur mörkret medan berget brann i eld, kom ni fram till mig, alla huvudmän för era stammar samt era äldste. 24 (H) Och ni sade: ”Se, Herren vår Gud har låtit oss se sin härlighet och sin storhet, och vi har hört hans röst ur elden. I dag har vi sett att Gud kan tala med en människa och ändå låta henne leva. 25 Varför ska vi nu dö? Den stora elden kommer att förtära oss. Om vi får höra mer av Herren vår Guds röst kommer vi att dö. 26 (I) För vem bland allt kött har hört den levande Gudens röst tala ur elden, som vi har gjort, och överlevt? 27 (J) Träd du fram och hör allt som Herren vår Gud säger, och tala du till oss allt som Herren vår Gud talar till dig, så vill vi höra det och göra därefter.”

28 Herren hörde era ord när ni talade till mig, och Herren sade till mig: ”Jag har hört de ord som detta folk har talat till dig. De har rätt i allt de säger. 29 (K) Om de ändå kunde ha sådana hjärtan att de fruktar mig och alltid håller alla mina bud! Då skulle det alltid gå väl för dem och deras barn. 30 Gå och säg till dem: Vänd tillbaka till era tält. 31 Men du ska stanna kvar här hos mig, så ska jag tala till dig alla de bud och stadgar och föreskrifter som du ska lära dem, så att de följer dem i det land som jag ger dem till besittning.”

32 Var noga med att göra vad Herren er Gud har befallt er. Vik inte av, varken åt höger eller åt vänster. 33 Den väg som Herren er Gud har befallt er att gå ska ni alltid följa, så att ni får leva och det går väl för er och ni får ett långt liv i det land som ni ska ta i besittning.

Footnotes

  1. 5:6f Se även 2 Mos 20 för tio Guds bud. Återgivningen i 5 Mos 5 skiljer sig på några ställen, kanske pga tillämpningar för det specifika sammanhanget som skildras i Femte Mosebok.
  2. 5:7 vid sidan av mig   Annan översättning: ”inför mig” (gudabilder i Guds tempel, jfr 16:21).
  3. 5:10 nåd mot tusentals   Antingen individer eller släktled (jfr 7:9).
  4. 5:12 sabbatsdagen   Hebr. shabbát betyder ”vila”. Sabbaten varar mellan fredag kväll (Luk 23:54) och lördag kväll, eftersom dygnet räknas från afton till afton (1 Mos 1).
  5. 5:16f Budorden citeras av Jesus i Matt 19:18f, Mark 10:19, Luk 18:20 och av Paulus i Rom 13:9.
  6. 5:16 Hedra din far och din mor   Budet citeras av Jesus i Matt 15:4, Mark 7:10 och av Paulus i Ef 6:2.
  7. 5:17 inte mörda   Budet citeras av Jesus i Matt 5:21 och av Jakob i Jak 2:11.
  8. 5:18 inte begå äktenskapsbrott   Budet citeras av Jesus i Matt 5:27, av Paulus i Rom 2:22 och av Jakob i Jak 2:11.
  9. 5:19 inte stjäla   Budet citeras av Paulus i Rom 2:21.
  10. 5:21 inte ha begär   Budet citeras av Paulus i Rom 7:7.

The Ten Commandments(A)

Moses summoned all Israel and said:

Hear, Israel, the decrees and laws(B) I declare in your hearing today. Learn them and be sure to follow them. The Lord our God made a covenant(C) with us at Horeb.(D) It was not with our ancestors[a] that the Lord made this covenant, but with us,(E) with all of us who are alive here today.(F) The Lord spoke(G) to you face to face(H) out of the fire(I) on the mountain. (At that time I stood between(J) the Lord and you to declare to you the word of the Lord, because you were afraid(K) of the fire and did not go up the mountain.) And he said:

“I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of Egypt,(L) out of the land of slavery.(M)

“You shall have no other gods before[b] me.

“You shall not make for yourself an image in the form of anything in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the waters below.(N) You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, punishing the children for the sin of the parents(O) to the third and fourth generation of those who hate me,(P) 10 but showing love to a thousand(Q) generations of those who love me and keep my commandments.(R)

11 “You shall not misuse the name(S) of the Lord your God, for the Lord will not hold anyone guiltless who misuses his name.(T)

12 “Observe the Sabbath day by keeping it holy,(U) as the Lord your God has commanded you. 13 Six days you shall labor and do all your work, 14 but the seventh day(V) is a sabbath to the Lord your God. On it you shall not do any work, neither you, nor your son or daughter, nor your male or female servant,(W) nor your ox, your donkey or any of your animals, nor any foreigner residing in your towns, so that your male and female servants may rest, as you do.(X) 15 Remember that you were slaves(Y) in Egypt and that the Lord your God brought you out of there with a mighty hand(Z) and an outstretched arm.(AA) Therefore the Lord your God has commanded you to observe the Sabbath day.

16 “Honor your father(AB) and your mother,(AC) as the Lord your God has commanded you, so that you may live long(AD) and that it may go well with you in the land the Lord your God is giving you.

17 “You shall not murder.(AE)

18 “You shall not commit adultery.(AF)

19 “You shall not steal.(AG)

20 “You shall not give false testimony against your neighbor.(AH)

21 “You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife. You shall not set your desire on your neighbor’s house or land, his male or female servant, his ox or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor.”(AI)

22 These are the commandments the Lord proclaimed in a loud voice to your whole assembly there on the mountain from out of the fire, the cloud and the deep darkness;(AJ) and he added nothing more. Then he wrote them on two stone tablets(AK) and gave them to me.

23 When you heard the voice out of the darkness, while the mountain was ablaze with fire, all the leaders of your tribes and your elders(AL) came to me. 24 And you said, “The Lord our God has shown us(AM) his glory and his majesty,(AN) and we have heard his voice from the fire. Today we have seen that a person can live even if God speaks with them.(AO) 25 But now, why should we die? This great fire will consume us, and we will die if we hear the voice of the Lord our God any longer.(AP) 26 For what mortal has ever heard the voice of the living God speaking out of fire, as we have, and survived?(AQ) 27 Go near and listen to all that the Lord our God says.(AR) Then tell us whatever the Lord our God tells you. We will listen and obey.”(AS)

28 The Lord heard you when you spoke to me, and the Lord said to me, “I have heard what this people said to you. Everything they said was good.(AT) 29 Oh, that their hearts would be inclined to fear me(AU) and keep all my commands(AV) always, so that it might go well with them and their children forever!(AW)

30 “Go, tell them to return to their tents. 31 But you stay here(AX) with me so that I may give you all the commands, decrees and laws you are to teach them to follow in the land I am giving them to possess.”

32 So be careful to do what the Lord your God has commanded you;(AY) do not turn aside to the right or to the left.(AZ) 33 Walk in obedience to all that the Lord your God has commanded you,(BA) so that you may live and prosper and prolong your days(BB) in the land that you will possess.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 5:3 Or not only with our parents
  2. Deuteronomy 5:7 Or besides

The Ten Commandments Reviewed(A)

And Moses called all Israel, and said to them: “Hear, O Israel, the statutes and judgments which I speak in your hearing today, that you may learn them and be careful to observe them. (B)The Lord our God made a covenant with us in Horeb. The Lord (C)did not make this covenant with our fathers, but with us, those who are here today, all of us who are alive. (D)The Lord talked with you face to face on the mountain from the midst of the fire. (E)I stood between the Lord and you at that time, to declare to you the word of the Lord; for (F)you were afraid because of the fire, and you did not go up the mountain. He said:

(G)‘I am the Lord your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of [a]bondage.

(H)‘You shall have no other gods [b]before Me.

(I)‘You shall not make for yourself a carved image—any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not (J)bow[c] down to them nor serve them. For I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, [d]visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children to the third and fourth generations of those who hate Me, 10 (K)but showing mercy to thousands, to those who love Me and [e]keep My commandments.

11 (L)‘You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not hold him [f]guiltless who takes His name in vain.

12 (M)‘Observe the Sabbath day, to [g]keep it holy, as the Lord your God commanded you. 13 (N)Six days you shall labor and do all your work, 14 but the seventh day is the (O)Sabbath of the Lord your God. In it you shall do no work: you, nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your ox, nor your donkey, nor any of your cattle, nor your stranger who is within your gates, that your male servant and your female servant may rest as well as you. 15 (P)And remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and the Lord your God brought you out from there (Q)by a mighty hand and by an outstretched arm; therefore the Lord your God commanded you to keep the Sabbath day.

16 (R)‘Honor your father and your mother, as the Lord your God has commanded you, (S)that your days may be long, and that it may be well with (T)you in the land which the Lord your God is giving you.

17 (U)‘You shall not murder.

18 (V)‘You shall not commit adultery.

19 (W)‘You shall not steal.

20 (X)‘You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.

21 (Y)‘You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife; and you shall not desire your neighbor’s house, his field, his male servant, his female servant, his ox, his donkey, or anything that is your neighbor’s.’

22 “These words the Lord spoke to all your assembly, in the mountain from the midst of the fire, the cloud, and the thick darkness, with a loud voice; and He added no more. And (Z)He wrote them on two tablets of stone and gave them to me.

The People Afraid of God’s Presence(AA)

23 (AB)“So it was, when you heard the voice from the midst of the darkness, while the mountain was burning with fire, that you came near to me, all the heads of your tribes and your elders. 24 And you said: ‘Surely the Lord our God has shown us His glory and His greatness, and (AC)we have heard His voice from the midst of the fire. We have seen this day that God speaks with man; yet he (AD)still lives. 25 Now therefore, why should we die? For this great fire will consume us; (AE)if we hear the voice of the Lord our God anymore, then we shall die. 26 (AF)For who is there of all flesh who has heard the voice of the living God speaking from the midst of the fire, as we have, and lived? 27 You go near and hear all that the Lord our God may say, and (AG)tell us all that the Lord our God says to you, and we will hear and do it.

28 “Then the Lord heard the voice of your words when you spoke to me, and the Lord said to me: ‘I have heard the voice of the words of this people which they have spoken to you. (AH)They are right in all that they have spoken. 29 (AI)Oh, that they had such a heart in them that they would fear Me and (AJ)always keep all My commandments, (AK)that it might be well with them and with their children forever! 30 Go and say to them, “Return to your tents.” 31 But as for you, stand here by Me, (AL)and I will speak to you all the commandments, the statutes, and the judgments which you shall teach them, that they may observe them in the land which I am giving them to possess.’

32 “Therefore you shall [h]be careful to do as the Lord your God has commanded you; (AM)you shall not turn aside to the right hand or to the left. 33 You shall walk in (AN)all the ways which the Lord your God has commanded you, that you may live (AO)and that it may be well with you, and that you may prolong your days in the land which you shall possess.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 5:6 slavery
  2. Deuteronomy 5:7 besides
  3. Deuteronomy 5:9 worship them
  4. Deuteronomy 5:9 punishing
  5. Deuteronomy 5:10 observe
  6. Deuteronomy 5:11 innocent
  7. Deuteronomy 5:12 sanctify it
  8. Deuteronomy 5:32 observe