Giftermål och skilsmässa

24 Om en man gifter sig med en kvinna och han sedan inte vill veta av henne, därför att han har kommit på henne med något oanständigt, och han skriver ett skilsmässobrev åt henne och ger henne det i handen och skickar bort henne från sitt hus, och hon lämnar hans hus och går och blir en annans hustru, och även denne andre man fattar hat till henne och skriver skilsmässobrev åt henne och ger henne det i handen och skickar bort henne från sitt hus, eller om denne andre man, som har tagit henne till sin hustru, dör, då får inte hennes förste man som skickade i väg henne på nytt ta henne till sin hustru, sedan hon blivit orenad. Detta vore något avskyvärt inför Herren. Du skall inte dra synd över det land som Herren, din Gud, ger dig till arvedel.

Olika lagar

Om en man nyligen har tagit sig hustru, behöver han inte gå i krigstjänst eller åläggas någon annan tjänstgöring. Han skall vara fri ett år för att stanna hemma och glädja den hustru han tagit.

Man får inte ta handkvarnen eller den övre kvarnstenen i pant, för det vore att ta livet i pant.

Om en man ertappas med att ha rövat bort någon av sina bröder bland Israels barn, och han behandlar denne som en slav eller säljer honom, skall kidnapparen dö. Du skall skaffa bort det onda ifrån dig.

När någon blir angripen av spetälska, skall du vara mycket noga med att göra allt som de levitiska prästerna lär er. Vad jag har befallt dem skall ni noggrant följa. Kom ihåg vad Herren, din Gud, gjorde med Mirjam på vägen, när ni drog ut ur Egypten.

10 Om du ger ett lån åt din nästa, skall du inte gå in i hans hus och ta pant av honom. 11 Du skall stanna utanför, och mannen som du har lånat åt skall bära ut panten till dig. 12 Om det är en fattig man, skall du inte sova med manteln du fått i pant. 13 Du måste ge honom panten tillbaka när solen går ner, så att han kan ha sin mantel på sig när han sover och så välsigna dig. Detta skall bli dig till rättfärdighet inför Herren, din Gud.

14 Du skall inte göra orätt mot en fattig och nödställd daglönare, vare sig han är en av dina bröder eller en av främlingarna som finns i någon stad i ditt land. 15 Varje dag skall du ge honom hans lön före solnedgången, eftersom han är fattig och längtar efter sin lön. Han kunde annars ropa till Herren mot dig och synd skulle då vila på dig.

16 Föräldrar skall inte dödas för sina barns skull, och barn skall inte dödas för sina föräldrars skull. Var och en skall lida döden genom sin egen synd.

17 Du skall inte förvanska rätten för främlingen eller den faderlöse, och inte ta en änkas kläder i pant. 18 Du skall komma ihåg att du har varit slav i Egypten och att Herren, din Gud, har befriat dig därifrån. Därför befaller jag dig att iaktta detta.

19 När du skördar din åker och glömmer kvar en kärve på åkern, skall du inte gå tillbaka för att hämta den. Den skall tillhöra främlingen, den faderlöse och änkan. Detta för att Herren, din Gud, må välsigna dig i allt du företar dig. 20 När du slår ner dina oliver, skall du inte sedan söka genom grenarna. Det som finns kvar skall tillhöra främlingen, den faderlöse och änkan. 21 När du plockar druvorna i din vingård, skall du inte göra någon efterskörd. Det som finns kvar skall tillhöra främlingen, den faderlöse och änkan. 22 Kom ihåg att du själv har varit slav i Egyptens land. Därför befaller jag dig att iaktta detta.

24 If a man marries a woman who becomes displeasing to him(A) because he finds something indecent about her, and he writes her a certificate of divorce,(B) gives it to her and sends her from his house, and if after she leaves his house she becomes the wife of another man, and her second husband dislikes her and writes her a certificate of divorce, gives it to her and sends her from his house, or if he dies, then her first husband, who divorced her, is not allowed to marry her again after she has been defiled. That would be detestable in the eyes of the Lord. Do not bring sin upon the land the Lord(C) your God is giving you as an inheritance.

If a man has recently married, he must not be sent to war or have any other duty laid on him. For one year he is to be free to stay at home and bring happiness to the wife he has married.(D)

Do not take a pair of millstones—not even the upper one—as security for a debt, because that would be taking a person’s livelihood as security.(E)

If someone is caught kidnapping a fellow Israelite and treating or selling them as a slave, the kidnapper must die.(F) You must purge the evil from among you.(G)

In cases of defiling skin diseases,[a] be very careful to do exactly as the Levitical(H) priests instruct you. You must follow carefully what I have commanded them.(I) Remember what the Lord your God did to Miriam along the way after you came out of Egypt.(J)

10 When you make a loan of any kind to your neighbor, do not go into their house to get what is offered to you as a pledge.(K) 11 Stay outside and let the neighbor to whom you are making the loan bring the pledge out to you. 12 If the neighbor is poor, do not go to sleep with their pledge(L) in your possession. 13 Return their cloak by sunset(M) so that your neighbor may sleep in it.(N) Then they will thank you, and it will be regarded as a righteous act in the sight of the Lord your God.(O)

14 Do not take advantage of a hired worker who is poor and needy, whether that worker is a fellow Israelite or a foreigner residing in one of your towns.(P) 15 Pay them their wages each day before sunset, because they are poor(Q) and are counting on it.(R) Otherwise they may cry to the Lord against you, and you will be guilty of sin.(S)

16 Parents are not to be put to death for their children, nor children put to death for their parents; each will die for their own sin.(T)

17 Do not deprive the foreigner or the fatherless(U) of justice,(V) or take the cloak of the widow as a pledge. 18 Remember that you were slaves in Egypt(W) and the Lord your God redeemed you from there. That is why I command you to do this.

19 When you are harvesting in your field and you overlook a sheaf, do not go back to get it.(X) Leave it for the foreigner,(Y) the fatherless and the widow,(Z) so that the Lord your God may bless(AA) you in all the work of your hands. 20 When you beat the olives from your trees, do not go over the branches a second time.(AB) Leave what remains for the foreigner, the fatherless and the widow. 21 When you harvest the grapes in your vineyard, do not go over the vines again. Leave what remains for the foreigner, the fatherless and the widow. 22 Remember that you were slaves in Egypt. That is why I command you to do this.(AC)

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 24:8 The Hebrew word for defiling skin diseases, traditionally translated “leprosy,” was used for various diseases affecting the skin.

24 When a man hath taken a wife, and married her, and it come to pass that she find no favour in his eyes, because he hath found some uncleanness in her: then let him write her a bill of divorcement, and give it in her hand, and send her out of his house.

And when she is departed out of his house, she may go and be another man's wife.

And if the latter husband hate her, and write her a bill of divorcement, and giveth it in her hand, and sendeth her out of his house; or if the latter husband die, which took her to be his wife;

Her former husband, which sent her away, may not take her again to be his wife, after that she is defiled; for that is abomination before the Lord: and thou shalt not cause the land to sin, which the Lord thy God giveth thee for an inheritance.

When a man hath taken a new wife, he shall not go out to war, neither shall he be charged with any business: but he shall be free at home one year, and shall cheer up his wife which he hath taken.

No man shall take the nether or the upper millstone to pledge: for he taketh a man's life to pledge.

If a man be found stealing any of his brethren of the children of Israel, and maketh merchandise of him, or selleth him; then that thief shall die; and thou shalt put evil away from among you.

Take heed in the plague of leprosy, that thou observe diligently, and do according to all that the priests the Levites shall teach you: as I commanded them, so ye shall observe to do.

Remember what the Lord thy God did unto Miriam by the way, after that ye were come forth out of Egypt.

10 When thou dost lend thy brother any thing, thou shalt not go into his house to fetch his pledge.

11 Thou shalt stand abroad, and the man to whom thou dost lend shall bring out the pledge abroad unto thee.

12 And if the man be poor, thou shalt not sleep with his pledge:

13 In any case thou shalt deliver him the pledge again when the sun goeth down, that he may sleep in his own raiment, and bless thee: and it shall be righteousness unto thee before the Lord thy God.

14 Thou shalt not oppress an hired servant that is poor and needy, whether he be of thy brethren, or of thy strangers that are in thy land within thy gates:

15 At his day thou shalt give him his hire, neither shall the sun go down upon it; for he is poor, and setteth his heart upon it: lest he cry against thee unto the Lord, and it be sin unto thee.

16 The fathers shall not be put to death for the children, neither shall the children be put to death for the fathers: every man shall be put to death for his own sin.

17 Thou shalt not pervert the judgment of the stranger, nor of the fatherless; nor take a widow's raiment to pledge:

18 But thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in Egypt, and the Lord thy God redeemed thee thence: therefore I command thee to do this thing.

19 When thou cuttest down thine harvest in thy field, and hast forgot a sheaf in the field, thou shalt not go again to fetch it: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow: that the Lord thy God may bless thee in all the work of thine hands.

20 When thou beatest thine olive tree, thou shalt not go over the boughs again: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow.

21 When thou gatherest the grapes of thy vineyard, thou shalt not glean it afterward: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow.

22 And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in the land of Egypt: therefore I command thee to do this thing.

Law Concerning Divorce

24 “When a (A)man takes a wife and marries her, and it happens that she finds no favor in his eyes because he has found some [a]uncleanness in her, and he writes her a (B)certificate of divorce, puts it in her hand, and sends her out of his house, when she has departed from his house, and goes and becomes another man’s wife, if the latter husband detests her and writes her a certificate of divorce, puts it in her hand, and sends her out of his house, or if the latter husband dies who took her as his wife, (C)then her former husband who divorced her must not take her back to be his wife after she has been defiled; for that is [b]an abomination before the Lord, and you shall not bring sin on the land which the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance.

Miscellaneous Laws

(D)“When a man has taken a new wife, he shall not go out to war or be charged with any business; he shall be free at home one year, and (E)bring happiness to his wife whom he has taken.

“No man shall take the lower or the upper millstone in pledge, for he takes [c]one’s living in pledge.

“If a man is (F)found [d]kidnapping any of his brethren of the children of Israel, and mistreats him or sells him, then that kidnapper shall die; (G)and you shall put away the evil from among you.

“Take heed in (H)an outbreak of leprosy, that you carefully observe and do according to all that the priests, the Levites, shall teach you; just as I commanded them, so you shall be careful to do. (I)Remember what the Lord your God did (J)to Miriam on the way when you came out of Egypt!

10 “When you (K)lend your brother anything, you shall not go into his house to get his pledge. 11 You shall stand outside, and the man to whom you lend shall bring the pledge out to you. 12 And if the man is poor, you shall not [e]keep his pledge overnight. 13 (L)You shall in any case return the pledge to him again when the sun goes down, that he may sleep in his own garment and (M)bless you; and (N)it shall be righteousness to you before the Lord your God.

14 “You shall not (O)oppress a hired servant who is poor and needy, whether one of your brethren or one of the aliens who is in your land within your gates. 15 Each day (P)you shall give him his wages, and not let the sun go down on it, for he is poor and has set his heart on it; (Q)lest he cry out against you to the Lord, and it be sin to you.

16 (R)“Fathers shall not be put to death for their children, nor shall children be put to death for their fathers; a person shall be put to death for his own sin.

17 (S)“You shall not pervert justice due the stranger or the fatherless, (T)nor take a widow’s garment as a pledge. 18 But (U)you shall remember that you were a slave in Egypt, and the Lord your God redeemed you from there; therefore I command you to do this thing.

19 (V)“When you reap your harvest in your field, and forget a sheaf in the field, you shall not go back to get it; it shall be for the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow, that the Lord your God may (W)bless you in all the work of your hands. 20 When you beat your olive trees, you shall not go over the boughs again; it shall be for the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow. 21 When you gather the grapes of your vineyard, you shall not glean it afterward; it shall be for the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow. 22 And you shall remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt; therefore I command you to do this thing.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 24:1 indecency, lit. nakedness of a thing
  2. Deuteronomy 24:4 a detestable thing
  3. Deuteronomy 24:6 life
  4. Deuteronomy 24:7 Lit. stealing
  5. Deuteronomy 24:12 Lit. sleep with his pledge