Laws Concerning Divorce

24 “When a man takes a wife and marries her, if then she finds no favor in his eyes because he has found some indecency in her, and (A)he writes her a certificate of divorce and puts it in her hand and sends her out of his house, and she departs out of his house, and if she goes and becomes another man's wife, and the latter man hates her and writes her a certificate of divorce and puts it in her hand and sends her out of his house, or if the latter man dies, who took her to be his wife, then (B)her former husband, who sent her away, may not take her again to be his wife, after she has been defiled, for that is an abomination before the Lord. And you shall not bring sin upon the land that the Lord your God is giving you for an inheritance.

Miscellaneous Laws

(C)“When a man is newly married, he shall not go out with the army or be liable for any other public duty. He shall be free at home one year (D)to be happy with his wife[a] whom he has taken.

“No one shall take a mill or an upper millstone in pledge, for that would be taking a life in pledge.

(E)“If a man is found stealing one of his brothers of the people of Israel, and if he (F)treats him as a slave or sells him, then that thief shall die. (G)So you shall purge the evil from your midst.

“Take care, in (H)a case of leprous[b] disease, to be very careful to do according to all that the Levitical priests shall direct you. As I commanded them, so you shall be careful to do. Remember what the Lord your God did to (I)Miriam (J)on the way as you came out of Egypt.

10 “When you make your neighbor a loan of any sort, you shall not go into his house to collect his pledge. 11 You shall stand outside, and the man to whom you make the loan shall bring the pledge out to you. 12 And if he is a poor man, you shall not sleep in his pledge. 13 (K)You shall restore to him the pledge as the sun sets, that he may sleep in his cloak and (L)bless you. And (M)it shall be righteousness for you before the Lord your God.

14 “You shall not (N)oppress a hired worker who is poor and needy, whether he is one of your brothers or one of the sojourners who are in your land within your towns. 15 (O)You shall give him his wages on the same day, before the sun sets (for he is poor and counts on it), (P)lest he cry against you to the Lord, and you be guilty of sin.

16 (Q)“Fathers shall not be put to death because of their children, nor shall children be put to death because of their fathers. Each one shall be put to death for his own sin.

17 (R)“You shall not pervert the justice due to the sojourner or to the fatherless, (S)or take a widow's garment in pledge, 18 but (T)you shall remember that you were a slave in Egypt and the Lord your God redeemed you from there; therefore I command you to do this.

19 (U)“When you reap your harvest in your field and forget a sheaf in the field, you shall not go back to get it. It shall be for the sojourner, the fatherless, and the widow, (V)that the Lord your God may bless you in all the work of your hands. 20 When you beat your olive trees, you shall not go over them again. It shall be for the sojourner, the fatherless, and the widow. 21 When you gather the grapes of your vineyard, you shall not strip it afterward. It shall be for the sojourner, the fatherless, and the widow. 22 (W)You shall remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt; therefore I command you to do this.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 24:5 Or to make happy his wife
  2. Deuteronomy 24:8 Leprosy was a term for several skin diseases; see Leviticus 13

Ehescheidung

24 Wenn jemand eine Frau nimmt und sie heiratet, und sie findet nicht Gnade vor seinen Augen, weil er etwas Schändliches an ihr gefunden hat, und er ihr einen Scheidebrief schreibt und ihn ihr in die Hand gibt und sie aus seinem Haus entlässt,

und sie verlässt dann sein Haus und geht hin und wird [die Ehefrau] eines anderen Mannes,

aber der andere Mann verschmäht sie und schreibt ihr [auch] einen Scheidebrief und gibt ihn ihr in die Hand und entlässt sie aus seinem Haus; oder wenn der andere Mann stirbt, der sie sich zur Frau genommen hatte,

so kann ihr erster Mann, der sie entlassen hat, sie nicht nochmals zur Frau nehmen, nachdem sie verunreinigt worden ist; denn das wäre ein Gräuel vor dem Herrn; und du sollst das Land nicht mit Sünde beflecken, das dir der Herr, dein Gott, zum Erbe gibt.

Verordnungen für das Leben des Volkes

Wenn jemand kürzlich eine Frau [zur Ehe] genommen hat, so soll er nicht in den Krieg ziehen, und man soll ihm nichts auferlegen; er soll ein Jahr lang frei sein für sein Haus und sich an seiner Frau erfreuen, die er genommen hat.

Man soll niemals die Handmühle[a] oder [auch nur] den oberen Mühlstein zum Pfand nehmen, denn damit nähme man das Leben zum Pfand.

Wird jemand ertappt, dass er einen von seinen Brüdern unter den Söhnen Israels stiehlt und ihn zum Sklaven macht und ihn verkauft, so soll jener Dieb sterben, und du sollst das Böse aus deiner Mitte ausrotten.

Hüte dich vor der Plage des Aussatzes, indem du eifrig alles befolgst und tust, was dich die Priester, die Leviten, lehren. Wie ich es ihnen geboten habe, so sollt ihr es befolgen und tun!

Denke daran, was der Herr, dein Gott, mit Mirjam tat auf dem Weg, als ihr aus Ägypten gezogen seid!

10 Wenn du deinem Nächsten irgendein Darlehen gewährst, so sollst du nicht in sein Haus gehen, um ihm ein Pfand abzunehmen.

11 Du sollst draußen stehen bleiben, und der, dem du borgst, soll das Pfand zu dir herausbringen.

12 Ist er aber arm, so sollst du dich mit seinem Pfand[b] nicht schlafen legen;

13 sondern du sollst ihm sein Pfand unbedingt wiedergeben, wenn die Sonne untergeht, damit er in seinem Gewand schlafe und dich segne; so wird dir das als Gerechtigkeit gelten vor dem Herrn, deinem Gott.

14 Du sollst einen armen und elenden Tagelöhner nicht bedrücken, er sei einer deiner Brüder oder deiner Fremdlinge, die in deinem Land und in deinen Toren sind.

15 Am gleichen Tag sollst du ihm seinen Lohn geben, ehe die Sonne darüber untergeht; denn er ist arm und sehnt sich danach; damit er nicht deinetwegen den Herrn anruft und es dir zur Sünde wird.

16 Die Väter sollen nicht für die Kinder getötet werden und die Kinder sollen nicht für die Väter getötet werden, sondern jeder soll für seine Sünde getötet werden.

17 Du sollst das Recht eines Fremdlings [und] einer Waise nicht beugen und sollst das Kleid der Witwe nicht zum Pfand nehmen.

18 Und du sollst bedenken, dass du in Ägypten auch ein Knecht gewesen bist und dass der Herr, dein Gott, dich von dort erlöst hat; darum gebiete ich dir, dass du dies tust.

Das Recht der Fremden, Witwen und Waisen

19 Wenn du auf deinem Feld geerntet und eine Garbe auf dem Feld vergessen hast, so sollst du nicht umkehren, um sie zu holen, sondern sie soll dem Fremdling, der Waise und der Witwe gehören, damit dich der Herr, dein Gott, segnet in allem Werk deiner Hände.

20 Wenn du deine Oliven abgeschlagen hast, so sollst du danach nicht die Zweige absuchen; es soll dem Fremdling, der Waise und der Witwe gehören.

21 Wenn du deinen Weinberg gelesen hast, so sollst du danach nicht Nachlese halten; es soll dem Fremdling, der Waise und der Witwe gehören.

22 Und du sollst bedenken, dass du [selbst] ein Knecht gewesen bist im Land Ägypten; darum gebiete ich dir, dies zu tun.

Footnotes

  1. (24,6) w. zwei Mühlsteine. Damit wurde das Mehl für das tägliche Brot gemahlen.
  2. (24,12) Die Kleider des Armen dienen ihm nachts als Bettdecke (vgl. V 13).

24 If a man marries a woman who becomes displeasing to him(A) because he finds something indecent about her, and he writes her a certificate of divorce,(B) gives it to her and sends her from his house, and if after she leaves his house she becomes the wife of another man, and her second husband dislikes her and writes her a certificate of divorce, gives it to her and sends her from his house, or if he dies, then her first husband, who divorced her, is not allowed to marry her again after she has been defiled. That would be detestable in the eyes of the Lord. Do not bring sin upon the land the Lord(C) your God is giving you as an inheritance.

If a man has recently married, he must not be sent to war or have any other duty laid on him. For one year he is to be free to stay at home and bring happiness to the wife he has married.(D)

Do not take a pair of millstones—not even the upper one—as security for a debt, because that would be taking a person’s livelihood as security.(E)

If someone is caught kidnapping a fellow Israelite and treating or selling them as a slave, the kidnapper must die.(F) You must purge the evil from among you.(G)

In cases of defiling skin diseases,[a] be very careful to do exactly as the Levitical(H) priests instruct you. You must follow carefully what I have commanded them.(I) Remember what the Lord your God did to Miriam along the way after you came out of Egypt.(J)

10 When you make a loan of any kind to your neighbor, do not go into their house to get what is offered to you as a pledge.(K) 11 Stay outside and let the neighbor to whom you are making the loan bring the pledge out to you. 12 If the neighbor is poor, do not go to sleep with their pledge(L) in your possession. 13 Return their cloak by sunset(M) so that your neighbor may sleep in it.(N) Then they will thank you, and it will be regarded as a righteous act in the sight of the Lord your God.(O)

14 Do not take advantage of a hired worker who is poor and needy, whether that worker is a fellow Israelite or a foreigner residing in one of your towns.(P) 15 Pay them their wages each day before sunset, because they are poor(Q) and are counting on it.(R) Otherwise they may cry to the Lord against you, and you will be guilty of sin.(S)

16 Parents are not to be put to death for their children, nor children put to death for their parents; each will die for their own sin.(T)

17 Do not deprive the foreigner or the fatherless(U) of justice,(V) or take the cloak of the widow as a pledge. 18 Remember that you were slaves in Egypt(W) and the Lord your God redeemed you from there. That is why I command you to do this.

19 When you are harvesting in your field and you overlook a sheaf, do not go back to get it.(X) Leave it for the foreigner,(Y) the fatherless and the widow,(Z) so that the Lord your God may bless(AA) you in all the work of your hands. 20 When you beat the olives from your trees, do not go over the branches a second time.(AB) Leave what remains for the foreigner, the fatherless and the widow. 21 When you harvest the grapes in your vineyard, do not go over the vines again. Leave what remains for the foreigner, the fatherless and the widow. 22 Remember that you were slaves in Egypt. That is why I command you to do this.(AC)

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 24:8 The Hebrew word for defiling skin diseases, traditionally translated “leprosy,” was used for various diseases affecting the skin.