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Purity in Personal Hygiene

When you go out as an army against your enemies, guard yourselves against anything impure.[a] 10 If there is someone among you who is impure because of some nocturnal emission,[b] he must leave the camp; he may not reenter it immediately. 11 When evening arrives he must wash himself with water, and then at sunset he may reenter the camp.

12 You are to have a place outside the camp to serve as a latrine.[c] 13 You must have a spade among your other equipment, and when you relieve yourself[d] outside you must dig a hole with the spade[e] and then turn and cover your excrement.[f] 14 For the Lord your God walks about in the middle of your camp to deliver you and defeat[g] your enemies for you. Therefore your camp should be holy, so that he does not see anything indecent[h] among you and turn away from you.

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Notas al pie

  1. Deuteronomy 23:9 tn Heb “evil.” The context makes clear that this is a matter of ritual impurity, not moral impurity, so it is “evil” in the sense that it disbars one from certain religious activity.
  2. Deuteronomy 23:10 tn Heb “nocturnal happening.” The Hebrew term קָרֶה (qareh) merely means “to happen” so the phrase here is euphemistic (a “night happening”) for some kind of bodily emission such as excrement or semen. Such otherwise normal physical functions rendered one ritually unclean whether accidental or not. See Lev 15:16-18; 22:4.
  3. Deuteronomy 23:12 tn Heb “so that one may go outside there.” This expression is euphemistic.
  4. Deuteronomy 23:13 tn Heb “sit.” This expression is euphemistic.
  5. Deuteronomy 23:13 tn Heb “with it”; the referent (the spade mentioned at the beginning of the verse) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  6. Deuteronomy 23:13 tn Heb “what comes from you,” a euphemism.
  7. Deuteronomy 23:14 tn Heb “give [over] your enemies.”
  8. Deuteronomy 23:14 tn Heb “nakedness of a thing”; NLT “any shameful thing.” The expression עֶרְוַת דָּבָר (ʿervat davar) refers specifically to sexual organs and, by extension, to any function associated with them. There are some aspects of human life that are so personal and private that they ought not be publicly paraded. Cultically speaking, even God is offended by such impropriety (cf. Gen 9:22-23; Lev 18:6-12, 16-19; 20:11, 17-21). See B. Seevers, NIDOTTE 3:528-30.

Community Sanitation

“When you are encamped for battle against your enemies, be on guard against every form of impropriety. 10 If someone among you becomes unclean due to nocturnal emissions, he must leave the camp and stay outside. 11 As evening approaches, he must wash himself with water. Then at sunset, he may return to the camp.

12 “Choose a place outside the camp for a latrine. 13 Include a spade among your equipment so that when you squat to relieve yourself, you can dig a hole and then cover your excrement. 14 For the Lord your God is on the move within your camp to deliver you and to hand your enemies over to you. Therefore, your camp must be holy so that he will not see anything indecent among you and turn away from you.”

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