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設立逃城

19 「耶和華你神將列國之民剪除的時候,耶和華你神也將他們的地賜給你,你接著住他們的城邑並他們的房屋, 就要在耶和華你神所賜你為業的地上分定三座城, 要將耶和華你神使你承受為業的地分為三段,又要預備道路,使誤殺人的都可以逃到那裡去。

「誤殺人的逃到那裡可以存活,定例乃是這樣:凡素無仇恨,無心殺了人的, 就如人與鄰舍同入樹林砍伐樹木,手拿斧子一砍,本想砍下樹木,不料,斧頭脫了把,飛落在鄰舍身上,以至於死,這人逃到那些城的一座城,就可以存活。 免得報血仇的心中火熱追趕他,因路遠就追上,將他殺死;其實他不該死,因為他與被殺的素無仇恨。 所以我吩咐你說,要分定三座城。 耶和華你神若照他向你列祖所起的誓擴張你的境界,將所應許賜你列祖的地全然給你, 你若謹守遵行我今日所吩咐的這一切誡命,愛耶和華你的神,常常遵行他的道,就要在這三座城之外,再添三座城, 10 免得無辜之人的血流在耶和華你神所賜你為業的地上,流血的罪就歸於你。

11 「若有人恨他的鄰舍,埋伏著起來擊殺他,以至於死,便逃到這些城的一座城, 12 本城的長老就要打發人去,從那裡帶出他來,交在報血仇的手中,將他治死。 13 你眼不可顧惜他,卻要從以色列中除掉流無辜血的罪,使你可以得福。

勿移界址

14 「在耶和華你神所賜你承受為業之地,不可挪移你鄰舍的地界,那是先人所定的。

證者唯一不能定讞

15 「人無論犯什麼罪,作什麼惡,不可憑一個人的口做見證,總要憑兩三個人的口做見證才可定案。 16 若有凶惡的見證人起來,見證某人作惡, 17 這兩個爭訟的人就要站在耶和華面前,和當時的祭司並審判官面前, 18 審判官要細細地查究。若見證人果然是作假見證的,以假見證陷害弟兄, 19 你們就要待他如同他想要待的弟兄。這樣,就把那惡從你們中間除掉。 20 別人聽見都要害怕,就不敢在你們中間再行這樣的惡了。 21 你眼不可顧惜,要以命償命,以眼還眼,以牙還牙,以手還手,以腳還腳。

19 When the Lord thy God hath cut off the nations, whose land the Lord thy God giveth thee, and thou succeedest them, and dwellest in their cities, and in their houses;

Thou shalt separate three cities for thee in the midst of thy land, which the Lord thy God giveth thee to possess it.

Thou shalt prepare thee a way, and divide the coasts of thy land, which the Lord thy God giveth thee to inherit, into three parts, that every slayer may flee thither.

And this is the case of the slayer, which shall flee thither, that he may live: Whoso killeth his neighbour ignorantly, whom he hated not in time past;

As when a man goeth into the wood with his neighbour to hew wood, and his hand fetcheth a stroke with the axe to cut down the tree, and the head slippeth from the helve, and lighteth upon his neighbour, that he die; he shall flee unto one of those cities, and live:

Lest the avenger of the blood pursue the slayer, while his heart is hot, and overtake him, because the way is long, and slay him; whereas he was not worthy of death, inasmuch as he hated him not in time past.

Wherefore I command thee, saying, Thou shalt separate three cities for thee.

And if the Lord thy God enlarge thy coast, as he hath sworn unto thy fathers, and give thee all the land which he promised to give unto thy fathers;

If thou shalt keep all these commandments to do them, which I command thee this day, to love the Lord thy God, and to walk ever in his ways; then shalt thou add three cities more for thee, beside these three:

10 That innocent blood be not shed in thy land, which the Lord thy God giveth thee for an inheritance, and so blood be upon thee.

11 But if any man hate his neighbour, and lie in wait for him, and rise up against him, and smite him mortally that he die, and fleeth into one of these cities:

12 Then the elders of his city shall send and fetch him thence, and deliver him into the hand of the avenger of blood, that he may die.

13 Thine eye shall not pity him, but thou shalt put away the guilt of innocent blood from Israel, that it may go well with thee.

14 Thou shalt not remove thy neighbour's landmark, which they of old time have set in thine inheritance, which thou shalt inherit in the land that the Lord thy God giveth thee to possess it.

15 One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or for any sin, in any sin that he sinneth: at the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall the matter be established.

16 If a false witness rise up against any man to testify against him that which is wrong;

17 Then both the men, between whom the controversy is, shall stand before the Lord, before the priests and the judges, which shall be in those days;

18 And the judges shall make diligent inquisition: and, behold, if the witness be a false witness, and hath testified falsely against his brother;

19 Then shall ye do unto him, as he had thought to have done unto his brother: so shalt thou put the evil away from among you.

20 And those which remain shall hear, and fear, and shall henceforth commit no more any such evil among you.

21 And thine eye shall not pity; but life shall go for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.

Three Cities of Refuge(A)

19 “When the Lord your God (B)has cut off the nations whose land the Lord your God is giving you, and you dispossess them and dwell in their cities and in their houses, (C)you shall separate three cities for yourself in the midst of your land which the Lord your God is giving you to possess. You shall prepare roads for yourself, and divide into three parts the territory of your land which the Lord your God is giving you to inherit, that any manslayer may flee there.

“And (D)this is the case of the manslayer who flees there, that he may live: Whoever kills his neighbor [a]unintentionally, not having hated him in time past— as when a man goes to the woods with his neighbor to cut timber, and his hand swings a stroke with the ax to cut down the tree, and the head slips from the handle and strikes his neighbor so that he dies—he shall flee to one of these cities and live; (E)lest the avenger of blood, while his anger is hot, pursue the manslayer and overtake him, because the way is long, and kill him, though he was not deserving of death, since he had not hated the victim in time past. Therefore I command you, saying, ‘You shall separate three cities for yourself.’

“Now if the Lord your God (F)enlarges your territory, as He swore to (G)your fathers, and gives you the land which He promised to give to your fathers, and if you keep all these commandments and do them, which I command you today, to love the Lord your God and to walk always in His ways, (H)then you shall add three more cities for yourself besides these three, 10 (I)lest innocent blood be shed in the midst of your land which the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance, and thus guilt of bloodshed be upon you.

11 “But (J)if anyone hates his neighbor, lies in wait for him, rises against him and strikes him mortally, so that he dies, and he flees to one of these cities, 12 then the elders of his city shall send and bring him from there, and deliver him over to the hand of the avenger of blood, that he may die. 13 (K)Your eye shall not pity him, (L)but you shall [b]put away the guilt of innocent blood from Israel, that it may go well with you.

Property Boundaries

14 (M)“You shall not remove your neighbor’s landmark, which the men of old have set, in your inheritance which you will inherit in the land that the Lord your God is giving you to possess.

The Law Concerning Witnesses

15 (N)“One witness shall not rise against a man concerning any iniquity or any sin that he commits; by the mouth of two or three witnesses the matter shall be established. 16 If a false witness (O)rises against any man to testify against him of wrongdoing, 17 then both men in the controversy shall stand before the Lord, (P)before the priests and the judges who serve in those days. 18 And the judges shall make careful inquiry, and indeed, if the witness is a false witness, who has testified falsely against his brother, 19 (Q)then you shall do to him as he thought to have done to his brother; so (R)you shall put away the evil from among you. 20 (S)And those who remain shall hear and fear, and hereafter they shall not again commit such evil among you. 21 (T)Your eye shall not pity: (U)life shall be for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 19:4 ignorantly, lit. without knowledge
  2. Deuteronomy 19:13 purge the blood of the innocent