Deuteronomy 14:3-21
English Standard Version
3 (A)“You shall not eat any abomination. 4 (B)These are the animals you may eat: the ox, the sheep, the goat, 5 the deer, the gazelle, the roebuck, the wild goat, the ibex,[a] the antelope, and the mountain sheep. 6 Every animal that parts the hoof and has the hoof cloven in two and chews the cud, among the animals, you may eat. 7 Yet of those that chew the cud or have the hoof cloven you shall not eat these: the camel, the hare, and the (C)rock badger, because they chew the cud but do not part the hoof, are unclean for you. 8 And the pig, because it parts the hoof but does not chew the cud, is unclean for you. Their flesh you shall not eat, and (D)their carcasses you shall not touch.
9 “Of all that are in the waters you may eat these: whatever has fins and scales you may eat. 10 And whatever does not have fins and scales you shall not eat; it is unclean for you.
11 “You may eat all clean birds. 12 But these are the ones that you shall not eat: the eagle,[b] the bearded vulture, the black vulture, 13 the kite, the falcon of any kind; 14 every raven of any kind; 15 the ostrich, the nighthawk, the sea gull, the hawk of any kind; 16 the little owl and the short-eared owl, the barn owl 17 and the tawny owl, the carrion vulture and the cormorant, 18 the stork, the heron of any kind; the hoopoe and the bat. 19 And all winged insects are unclean for you; they shall not be eaten. 20 All clean winged things you may eat.
21 (E)“You shall not eat anything that has died naturally. You may give it to the sojourner who is within your towns, that he may eat it, or you may sell it to a foreigner. For (F)you are a people holy to the Lord your God.
(G)“You shall not boil a young goat in its mother's milk.
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- Deuteronomy 14:5 Or addax
- Deuteronomy 14:12 The identity of many of these birds is uncertain
Deuteronomy 14:3-21
Lexham English Bible
3 You shall not eat any detestable thing. 4 These are the animals you may eat: ox, sheep, goats,[a] 5 deer, gazelle, roebuck, wild goat, ibex, antelope, and mountain sheep. 6 And any animal having a split hoof[b] and so a dividing of the hoof into two parts[c] and that chews the cud[d] among the animals[e]—that animal you may eat. 7 Only these you may not eat from those chewing the cud[f] and from those having a division of the hoof:[g] the camel and the hare and the coney, because they chew the cud,[h] but they do not divide the hoof; they are therefore unclean for you. 8 And also the pig because it has a division of the hoof[i] but does not chew the cud;[j] it is unclean for you; from their meat you shall not eat, and you shall not touch their carcasses.[k]
9 “This is what you shall eat from all that is in the water: everything[l] that has fins and scales[m] you may eat. 10 But anything that does not have[n] fins and scales, you may not eat, for it is unclean for you.
11 “All of the birds that are clean you may eat. 12 Now these are the ones you shall not eat any of them:[o] the eagle and the vulture and the short-toed eagle,[p] 13 and the red kite[q] and the black kite or any kind of falcon,[r] 14 and any kind of crow[s] according to its kind, 15 and the ostrich[t] and the short-eared owl and the seagull[u] and the hawk according to its kind, 16 the little owl and the great owl and the barn owl,[v] 17 and the desert owl[w] and the carrion vulture[x] and the cormorant,[y] 18 and the stork and the heron according to its kind and the hoopoe and the bat. 19 And also all of the winged insects;[z] they are unclean for you; you shall not eat them. 20 You may eat any clean bird.
21 “You shall not eat any carcass;[aa] you may give it to the alien who is in your towns,[ab] and he may eat it, or you may sell it to a foreigner, for you are a holy people for Yahweh your God; you may not boil a kid in its mother’s milk.
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- Deuteronomy 14:4 Literally “small livestock of the sheep and a small livestock of the goats”
- Deuteronomy 14:6 Or “divides the hoof”
- Deuteronomy 14:6 Literally “a dividing cleft creating two hoofs”
- Deuteronomy 14:6 Literally “and that brings up the cud”
- Deuteronomy 14:6 Hebrew “animal”
- Deuteronomy 14:7 Literally “bringing up the cud”
- Deuteronomy 14:7 Literally “those having a division of the hoof divided”
- Deuteronomy 14:7 Literally “they bringing up of the cud”
- Deuteronomy 14:8 Literally “because a division of the hoof”
- Deuteronomy 14:8 Literally “but not a chewing cud”
- Deuteronomy 14:8 Literally “dead body”
- Deuteronomy 14:9 Literally “all of that”
- Deuteronomy 14:9 Literally “for it is fins and scales,” showing possession of these features
- Deuteronomy 14:10 Literally “all of that there is not for it,” showing lack of possession of these features
- Deuteronomy 14:12 Literally “from them”
- Deuteronomy 14:12 This list of birds is difficult to translate since the terms are not definitely known: e.g., some translations render the last bird as a “buzzard” (NASV); other translations give different names for all three: griffon vulture, black vulture, bearded vulture (NEB)
- Deuteronomy 14:13 Various options are available: large bird, kite, red kite, glede, buzzard
- Deuteronomy 14:13 Literally “or the falcon according to its kind”; other options for falcon: bird, falcon, kite (others as carrion-bird), vulture, crow or raven, buzzard
- Deuteronomy 14:14 Or others translate as “raven”
- Deuteronomy 14:15 Literally “daughter of the ostrich”; others “desert owl”
- Deuteronomy 14:15 Or “long-eared owl”
- Deuteronomy 14:16 Or “white owl”
- Deuteronomy 14:17 Or “large bird” or “horned-owl”
- Deuteronomy 14:17 Or “large bird”
- Deuteronomy 14:17 Or “large bird,” or “fisher-owl”
- Deuteronomy 14:19 Literally “the swarmers of the flyers” or “all the swarms of things that fly”
- Deuteronomy 14:21 Or “corpse”
- Deuteronomy 14:21 Literally “gates”
The Holy Bible, English Standard Version. ESV® Text Edition: 2016. Copyright © 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers.
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