Expiation of a Crime

21 “If a person who has been killed by someone is found lying in the open country in the land which the Lord your God is giving you to [a]possess, and it is not known who struck him, then your elders and your judges shall go out and measure the distance to the cities which are around the one who was killed. And it shall be that the city which is nearest to the person killed, that is, that the elders of that city shall take a heifer of the herd that has not been worked [b]and has not pulled in a yoke; and the elders of that city shall bring the heifer down to a valley with running water, which has not been plowed or sown, and they shall break the heifer’s neck there in the valley. Then (A)the priests, the sons of Levi, shall come forward, because the Lord your God has chosen them to serve Him and to bless in the name of the Lord; and every dispute and [c]violent crime shall be [d]settled by them. And all the elders of that city [e]which is nearest to the person killed shall (B)wash their hands over the heifer whose neck was broken in the valley; and they shall respond and say, ‘Our hands did not shed this blood, nor did our eyes see who did. [f]Forgive Your people Israel whom You have redeemed, Lord, and do not place the guilt for (C)innocent blood in the midst of Your people Israel.’ And the guilt for bloodshed shall be [g]forgiven them. (D)So you shall remove the guilt for innocent blood from your midst, when you do what is right in the eyes of the Lord.

Domestic Relations

10 “When you go out to battle against your enemies, and (E)the Lord your God hands them over to you and you take them away captive, 11 and you see among the captives a beautiful woman, and are strongly attracted to her and would take her as a wife for yourself, 12 then you shall bring her into your home, and she shall (F)shave her head and [h]trim her nails. 13 She shall also [i]remove the clothes of her captivity and shall remain in your house, and (G)weep for her father and mother a full month; and after that you may have relations with her and become her husband and she shall be your wife. 14 But it shall be, if you are not pleased with her, then you shall let her go [j]wherever she wishes; and you certainly shall not sell her for money, you shall not treat her as merchandise, since you have [k](H)humiliated her.

15 “If a man has two wives, the one loved and (I)the other [l]unloved, and both the loved and the [m]unloved have borne him sons, and the firstborn son belongs to the [n]unloved, 16 then it shall be on the day that he wills what he owns as an inheritance to his sons, he is not allowed to treat the son of the loved wife as the firstborn, [o]at the expense of the son of the [p]unloved, who actually is the firstborn son. 17 On the contrary, he shall acknowledge the firstborn, the son of the [q]unloved wife, by giving him a double [r]portion of everything that [s]he owns, for he was the (J)beginning of his [t]strength; (K)to him belongs the right of the firstborn.

18 “If any person has a stubborn and rebellious son who does (L)not obey his father or his mother, and when they discipline him, he does not listen to them, 19 then his father and mother shall seize him, and bring him out to the elders of his city [u]at the gateway of his hometown. 20 And they shall say to the elders of his city, ‘This son of ours is stubborn and rebellious; he does not obey us, he is thoughtless and given to drinking.’ 21 (M)Then all the men of his city shall stone him to death; so (N)you shall eliminate the evil from your midst, and (O)all Israel will hear about it and fear.

22 “Now if [v]a person has committed a sin carrying (P)a sentence of death and he is put to death, and you hang him on [w]a tree, 23 (Q)his body is not to be left overnight on the [x]tree, but you shall certainly bury him on the same day (for (R)he who is hanged is cursed of God), so that you (S)do not defile your land which the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 21:1 Lit possess it
  2. Deuteronomy 21:3 Lit which has not
  3. Deuteronomy 21:5 Lit blow
  4. Deuteronomy 21:5 Lit according to their mouth
  5. Deuteronomy 21:6 Lit who are
  6. Deuteronomy 21:8 Lit Cover over, atone for
  7. Deuteronomy 21:8 Lit covered over, atoned for
  8. Deuteronomy 21:12 Lit do
  9. Deuteronomy 21:13 Lit remove from her
  10. Deuteronomy 21:14 Lit according to her soul
  11. Deuteronomy 21:14 I.e., by a forced marriage
  12. Deuteronomy 21:15 Or scorned; lit hated
  13. Deuteronomy 21:15 Or scorned; lit hated
  14. Deuteronomy 21:15 Or scorned; lit hated
  15. Deuteronomy 21:16 Lit against the face of
  16. Deuteronomy 21:16 See note v 15
  17. Deuteronomy 21:17 See note v 15
  18. Deuteronomy 21:17 Lit mouthful
  19. Deuteronomy 21:17 Lit is found with him
  20. Deuteronomy 21:17 I.e., power of procreation
  21. Deuteronomy 21:19 Lit and to the gate of his place
  22. Deuteronomy 21:22 Lit a sin is in a person carrying
  23. Deuteronomy 21:22 Lit wood
  24. Deuteronomy 21:23 Lit wood

21 “If someone slain is found in the land that Yahweh your God is giving to you to take possession of it and is lying in the field, and it is not known who killed him,[a] then your elders and your judges shall go out and shall measure the distance to the cities that are around the slain one. And then[b] the nearest city to the slain one, the elders of that city shall take a heifer of the herd that has not been worked with in the field, that has not pulled a yoke, and the elders of that city shall bring the heifer down to a wadi that flows with water all year[c] and that has not been plowed and has not been sown; then there they shall break the neck of the heifer in the wadi.[d] Then the priests, the descendants[e] of Levi, shall come near, for Yahweh your God has chosen them to bless in the name of Yahweh, and every legal dispute and every case of assault will be subject to their ruling.[f] And all of the elders of that city nearest to the slain person shall wash their hands over the heifer with the broken neck in the wadi.[g] And they shall declare, and they shall say, ‘Our hands did not shed this blood, and our eyes did not see what was done. Forgive your people, Israel, whom you redeemed, Yahweh, and do not allow[h] the guilt of innocent blood in the midst of your people Israel, and let them be forgiven with regard to blood.’ And so you shall purge the innocent blood from your midst, because you must do the right thing in the eyes of Yahweh.

10 “When you go out for battle against your enemies, and Yahweh your God gives them into your hand, and you lead the captives[i] away, 11 and you see among the captives[j] a woman beautiful in appearance, and you become attached to her and you want to take her as a wife, 12 then you shall bring her into your household, and she shall shave her head, and she shall trim her nails. 13 And she shall remove the clothing of her captivity from her, and she shall remain in your house, and she shall mourn her father and her mother a full month,[k] and after this you may have sex with her,[l] and you may marry her, and she may become your wife.[m] 14 And then if you do not take delight in her, then you shall let her go to do whatever she wants,[n] but you shall not treat her as a slave, since you have dishonored[o] her.

15 “If a man has two wives, and the one is loved and the other one is disliked and the one loved and the one that is disliked have borne for him sons, if it happens that the firstborn son belongs to the one that is disliked,[p] 16 nevertheless it will be the case that[q] on the day of bestowing his inheritance upon his sons, he will not be allowed to treat as the firstborn son the son of the beloved wife in preference to[r] the son of the disliked wife, who is the firstborn son. 17 But he shall acknowledge the firstborn son of the disliked wife by giving[s] him a double portion of all that he has,[t] for he is the firstfruit of his vigor;[u] to him is the legal claim of the birthright.[v]

18 If a man has a stubborn and rebellious son[w] who does not listen to[x] the voice of his father and to the voice of his mother, and they discipline him, and he does not obey[y] them, 19 then his father and his mother shall take hold of him, and they shall bring him out to the elders of his city and to the gate of his town,[z] 20 and they shall say to the elders of his city, ‘This our son is stubborn and rebellious; he does not obey us,[aa] and he is a glutton and a drunkard.’ 21 Then all the men of his city shall stone him with stones and let him die; and so you shall purge the evil from your midst, and all of Israel will hear, and they will fear.

22 “And if a man commits a sin punishable by death,[ab] and so he is put to death and you hang him on a tree, 23 his dead body shall not hang on the tree, but certainly you shall bury him on that day, for cursed by God is one that is being hung; so you shall not defile your land[ac] that Yahweh your God is giving to you as an inheritance.”

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 21:1 Literally “struck/smote him”
  2. Deuteronomy 21:3 Literally “And it will happen”
  3. Deuteronomy 21:4 Literally “an ever-flowing wadi”
  4. Deuteronomy 21:4 Literally “they shall break there the neck with respect to the heifer in the ever-flowing wadi”; the Hebrew verb carries the meaning “to break the neck of”
  5. Deuteronomy 21:5 Or “sons”
  6. Deuteronomy 21:5 Literally “on their mouth”
  7. Deuteronomy 21:6 A valley that is dry most of the year, but contains a stream during the rainy season
  8. Deuteronomy 21:8 Literally “place/put”
  9. Deuteronomy 21:10 Hebrew “his captive” but singular pronoun refers to the many captives taken with plural sense
  10. Deuteronomy 21:11 Hebrew “captive”
  11. Deuteronomy 21:13 Literally “a month of days”
  12. Deuteronomy 21:13 Literally “you may go into her”
  13. Deuteronomy 21:13 Literally “become for you as wife”
  14. Deuteronomy 21:14 Literally “according to her desire/soul”
  15. Deuteronomy 21:14 Or “humbled”
  16. Deuteronomy 21:15 Literally “is to the wife who is hated”
  17. Deuteronomy 21:16 Literally “it will happen”
  18. Deuteronomy 21:16 Literally “over the faces of”
  19. Deuteronomy 21:17 Literally “to give”
  20. Deuteronomy 21:17 Literally “all that is found for him”
  21. Deuteronomy 21:17 Or “the beginning of his strength”
  22. Deuteronomy 21:17 Or “the just claim of the firstborn”
  23. Deuteronomy 21:18 Literally “If shall be for a man, a son stubborn and rebellious”
  24. Deuteronomy 21:18 Literally “and there is no listening/obedience”
  25. Deuteronomy 21:18 Or “listen to”
  26. Deuteronomy 21:19 Literally “place”
  27. Deuteronomy 21:20 Literally “there is no listening to our voice”
  28. Deuteronomy 21:22 Literally “when shall be against a man a sin of judgment of death”
  29. Deuteronomy 21:23 Or “ground”