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Statutes About Cities of Refuge

19 (A)When Yahweh your God cuts off the nations, whose land Yahweh your God gives you, and you dispossess them and settle in their cities and in their houses, (B)you shall set apart three cities for yourself in the midst of your land, which Yahweh your God gives you to [a]possess. You shall prepare the [b]roads for yourself, and divide into three parts the territory of your land which Yahweh your God will give you to inherit, [c]so that any manslayer may flee there.

(C)Now this is the case of the manslayer who may flee there and live: when he strikes down his friend [d]without premeditation, [e]not hating him previously— as when a man goes into the forest with his friend to cut wood, and his hand [f]swings the axe to cut down the tree, and the iron head slips off the [g]handle and [h]strikes his friend so that he dies—he may flee to one of these cities and live; lest the avenger of blood pursue the manslayer when his heart is [i]angry, and overtake him, because the way is long, and [j]strike down his life, though he was not deserving of death, since he had not hated him previously. Therefore, I am commanding you, saying, ‘You shall set apart three cities for yourself.’

“Now if Yahweh your God (D)enlarges your territory, just as He has sworn to your fathers, and gives you all the land which He [k]promised to give to your fathers— if you [l]be careful to do all this commandment which I am commanding you today, (E)to love Yahweh your God and to walk in His ways all your days—(F)then you shall add three more cities for yourself, besides these three. 10 So innocent blood will not be shed in the midst of your land which Yahweh your God gives you as an inheritance, and (G)bloodguiltiness be on you.

11 “But (H)if there is a man who hates his neighbor and lies in wait for him and rises up against him and strikes down [m]his life so that he dies, and he flees to one of these cities, 12 then the elders of his city shall send and take him from there and give him over into the hand of the avenger of blood, that he may die. 13 [n](I)You shall not pity him, but (J)you shall purge the blood of the innocent from Israel, that it may go well with you.

Statutes About Boundaries and Witnesses

14 (K)You shall not move your neighbor’s boundary mark, which the ancestors have set, in your inheritance which you will inherit in the land that Yahweh your God gives you to [o]possess.

15 (L)A single witness shall not rise up against a man on account of any iniquity or any sin [p]which he has committed; at the mouth of two or three witnesses a matter shall be established. 16 (M)If a malicious witness rises up against a man to [q]accuse him of [r]wrongdoing, 17 then both the men who have the dispute shall stand (N)before Yahweh, before the priests and the judges who will be in office in those days. 18 And the judges (O)shall inquire thoroughly, and behold, if the witness is a false witness and he has [s]accused his brother falsely, 19 then (P)you shall do to him just as he had intended to do to his brother. Thus you shall purge the evil from among you. 20 (Q)And the rest will hear and be afraid and will never again do such an evil thing among you. 21 Thus (R)your eye shall not show pity: (S)life for life, (T)eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 19:2 Lit possess it
  2. Deuteronomy 19:3 Lit road
  3. Deuteronomy 19:3 Lit and it shall be for every manslayer to flee there
  4. Deuteronomy 19:4 Lit without knowledge
  5. Deuteronomy 19:4 Lit and he was not hating him previously
  6. Deuteronomy 19:5 Lit is thrust with
  7. Deuteronomy 19:5 Lit wood
  8. Deuteronomy 19:5 Lit finds
  9. Deuteronomy 19:6 Or hot
  10. Deuteronomy 19:6 Lit strike him in the soul
  11. Deuteronomy 19:8 Lit spoke
  12. Deuteronomy 19:9 Lit keep...to do it
  13. Deuteronomy 19:11 Lit him in the soul
  14. Deuteronomy 19:13 Lit Your eye
  15. Deuteronomy 19:14 Lit possess it
  16. Deuteronomy 19:15 Lit in any sin, which he sins
  17. Deuteronomy 19:16 Lit testify against
  18. Deuteronomy 19:16 Lit turning aside
  19. Deuteronomy 19:18 Lit testified against

Cities of Refuge

19 “When the Lord your God annihilates the nations whose land He is giving you,(A) so that you drive them out and live in their cities and houses, you are to set apart three cities for yourselves within the land the Lord your God is giving you to possess.(B) You are to determine the distances[a] and divide the land the Lord your God is granting you as an inheritance into three regions, so that anyone who commits manslaughter can flee to these cities.[b]

“Here is the law concerning a case of someone who kills a person and flees there to save his life, having killed his neighbor accidentally without previously hating him: If he goes into the forest with his neighbor to cut timber, and his hand swings the ax to chop down a tree, but the blade flies off the handle and strikes his neighbor so that he dies, that person may flee to one of these cities and live. Otherwise, the avenger of blood in the heat of his anger[c] might pursue the one who committed manslaughter, overtake him because the distance is great, and strike him dead. Yet he did not deserve to die,[d] since he did not previously hate his neighbor. This is why I am commanding you to set apart three cities for yourselves. If the Lord your God enlarges your territory as He swore to your fathers, and gives you all the land He promised to give them— provided you keep every one of these commands I am giving you today and follow them, loving the Lord your God and walking in His ways at all times—you are to add three more cities to these three. 10 In this way, innocent blood will not be shed, and you will not become guilty of bloodshed in the land the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance.(C) 11 But if someone hates his neighbor, lies in ambush for him, attacks him, and strikes him fatally, and flees to one of these cities, 12 the elders of his city must send for him, take him from there, and hand him over to the avenger of blood and he will die. 13 You must not look on him with pity but purge from Israel the guilt of shedding innocent blood, and you will prosper.

Boundary Markers

14 “You must not move your neighbor’s boundary marker,(D) established at the start in the inheritance you will receive in the land the Lord your God is giving you to possess.

Witnesses in Court

15 “One witness cannot establish any wrongdoing or sin against a person, whatever that person has done.(E) A fact must be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.(F)

16 “If a malicious witness(G) testifies against someone accusing him of a crime, 17 the two people in the dispute must stand in the presence of the Lord before the priests and judges in authority at that time. 18 The judges are to make a careful investigation, and if the witness turns out to be a liar who has falsely accused his brother, 19 you must do to him as he intended to do to his brother. You must purge the evil from you. 20 Then everyone else will hear and be afraid, and they will never again do anything evil like this among you.(H) 21 You must not show pity: life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, and foot for foot.(I)

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 19:3 Or to prepare the roads
  2. Deuteronomy 19:3 Lit flee there
  3. Deuteronomy 19:6 Lit heart
  4. Deuteronomy 19:6 Lit did not have a judgment of death