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Deuteronomy 1
Lexham English Bible

Preamble

1 These are the words that Moses spoke to all of Israel on the other side of[a] the Jordan in the desert,[b] in the desert plateau[c] opposite Suph, between Paran and between Tophel and Laban and Hazeroth and Dizahab. 2 It is a journey of eleven days[d] from Herob by the way of Mount Seir[e] up to Kadesh Barnea.

3 And it was[f] in the fortieth year, on the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, Moses spoke to the Israelites[g] according to all that Yahweh had instructed him to speak to them. 4 This happened after defeating[h] Sihon king of the Amorites, who was reigning[i] in Heshbon, and Og the king of Bashan, who was reigning[j] in Ashtaroth in Edrei. 5 On the other side of [k] the Jordan in the land of Moab Moses began to explain this law,[l] saying:[m]

Historical Prologue

6 “Yahweh our God spoke to us at Horeb, saying,[n] ‘You have stayed long enough[o] at this mountain. 7 Turn now and move on,[p] and go into the hill of the Amorites[q] and to all of the neighboring regions[r] in the Jordan Valley[s] in the hill country and in the Negev and in the coastal area along the sea, into the land of the Canaanites[t] and into the Lebanon, as far as the great river Euphrates. 8 Look, I have set the land before you;[u] go and take possession of the land that Yahweh swore to your ancestors,[v] to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to give it to them and to their offspring after them.’

9 “And I spoke to them at that time, saying,[w] ‘I am not able to bear you alone. 10 Yahweh your God has multiplied you, and look; you are today as the stars of the heaven in number.[x] 11 Yahweh, the God of your ancestors,[y] may he add to you as you are now a thousand times, and may he bless you just as he promised you.[z] 12 How can I bear you by myself,[aa] your burden and your load and your strife? 13 Choose for yourselves wise and discerning and knowledgeable men[ab] for each of your tribes, and I will appoint them as your leaders.’

14 “And you answered me, and you said, ‘The thing you have said to do is good.’ 15 And so I took the leaders of your tribes, wise and knowledgeable men, and then I appointed them as leaders over you as commanders of groups of thousands and commanders of groups of hundreds and commanders of groups of fifties and commanders of groups of tens as officials for your tribes. 16 And at that time I instructed your judges, saying, ‘hear out your fellow men,[ac] and then judge fairly[ad] between a man and between his brother and between his opponent who is a resident alien.[ae] 17 You must not be partial[af] in your judgment; [ag] hear out the small person as also the great person; do not be intimidated by any person,[ah] because the judgment is God’s; and the case that is too difficult[ai] for you, bring it to me, and I will hear it out.’ 18 And so I instructed you at that time concerning all of the things that you should do.

19 “Then we set out from Horeb, and we went through the whole of that great and terrible desert that you saw on the way to the hill country of the Amorites[aj] as Yahweh our God had commanded us, and so we came up to Kadesh Barnea. 20 I said to you, ‘You have reached[ak] the hill country of the Amorites[al] that Yahweh our God is giving to us. 21 See, Yahweh your God has set before you the land; go up and possess it as Yahweh the God of your ancestors[am] said to you; do not fear and do not be dismayed.’

22 “Then all of you approached me, and you said, ‘Let us send men before us,[an] and let them explore the land for us, and let them bring back a report[ao] to us concerning the way that we should take[ap] and concerning the cities that we shall come to.’ 23 The plan was good in my opinion,[aq] and so I took from among you twelve men, one from each tribe.[ar] 24 And they set out[as] and went up into the hill country,[at] and they went up to the wadi[au] of Eschol, and they spied out the land. 25 They took in their hands[av] some of the fruit[aw] of the land, and they brought it down to us, and they brought to us back a report,[ax] and they said, ‘The land that Yahweh our God is giving to us is good.’ 26 But you were not willing to go up, and you rebelled against the command[ay] of Yahweh your God. 27 And you grumbled in your tents, and you said, ‘Because of the hatred of Yahweh toward us he has brought us out from the land of Egypt to give us into the hand of the Amorites[az] to destroy us. 28 Where can we go up? Our brothers have made our hearts melt,[ba] saying,[bb] “The people are greater[bc] and taller than we are,[bd] and there are great fortified cities reaching up to heaven, and we saw the sons of the Anakites living there.”’

29 “And so I said to you, ‘Do not be terrified, and do not fear them. 30 Yahweh your God, who is going before you,[be] will himself[bf] fight for you, just as[bg] he did for you in Egypt before your eyes, 31 and just as he did in the wilderness[bh] when[bi] you saw that[bj] Yahweh your God carried you, just as someone[bk] carries his son, all along the way that you traveled until you reached[bl] this place.’ 32 But through all of this you did not trust in Yahweh your God, 33 who goes[bm] before you[bn] on your[bo] way, seeking a place for your encampment, in fire at night and in a cloud by day, to show you the way that you should go.[bp]

34 “Then Yahweh heard the sound of your words, and he was angry, and he swore, saying,[bq] 35 ‘No one of these men[br] of this evil generation will see the good land that I swore to give to your ancestors,[bs] 36 except Caleb, the son of Jephunneh; he himself[bt] shall see it, and to him I will give the land upon which he has trodden and to his sons[bu] because he followed Yahweh unreservedly.’[bv] 37 Even with me Yahweh was angry because of you, saying, ‘Not even you shall enter there. 38 Joshua, the son of Nun, your assistant,[bw] will go there; encourage him because he will cause Israel to inherit it. 39 And your little children, who you thought shall become plunder, and your sons, who do not today know good or bad, shall themselves[bx] go there, and I will give it to them, and they shall take possession of it. 40 But you turn and set out in the direction of the wilderness by way of the Red Sea.’[by]

41 “You replied and said to me, ‘We have sinned against Yahweh, and now we will go up and fight according to all that Yahweh our God commanded us’; and so each man fastened on his battle gear,[bz] and you regarded it as easy to go up into the hill country. 42 So Yahweh said to me, ‘Say to them, “You shall not go up, and you shall not fight because I am not in your midst; you will be defeated before[ca] your enemies.”’ 43 So I spoke to you, but you did not listen; you rebelled against the command of Yahweh;[cb] you behaved presumptuously, and you went up into the hill country. 44 The Amorites living in the hill country went out to oppose you[cc] and chased you as a swarm of wild honey bees do; and so they beat[cd] you down in Seir as far as Hormah. 45 So you returned and wept before Yahweh;[ce] but Yahweh did not listen to your voice and did not pay any attention to you. 46 You stayed in Kadesh many days; such were the days that you stayed there.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 1:1 Literally “in the beyond of”
  2. Deuteronomy 1:1 Or “the wilderness”
  3. Deuteronomy 1:1 Or “desert plain”; others render this as a named location, “Arabah”
  4. Deuteronomy 1:2 Literally “one and ten days”
  5. Deuteronomy 1:2 Literally “by the mountain of Seir”
  6. Deuteronomy 1:3 Literally “and it happened” or “and then”
  7. Deuteronomy 1:3 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
  8. Deuteronomy 1:4 Literally “after he had struck down”
  9. Deuteronomy 1:4 Or “dwelling,” and in this context “reigning”
  10. Deuteronomy 1:4 Or “dwelling,” and in this context “reigning”
  11. Deuteronomy 1:5 Literally “in the beyond of”
  12. Deuteronomy 1:5 Hebrew torah
  13. Deuteronomy 1:5 Literally “to say”
  14. Deuteronomy 1:6 Literally “to say”
  15. Deuteronomy 1:6 Literally “much time”
  16. Deuteronomy 1:7 Literally “journey on with respect to yourselves” or “move yourselves out”
  17. Deuteronomy 1:7 Hebrew “Amorite”
  18. Deuteronomy 1:7 Or “peoples”
  19. Deuteronomy 1:7 Literally “Arabah,” arid stretches of land.
  20. Deuteronomy 1:7 Hebrew “Canaanite”
  21. Deuteronomy 1:8 Literally “before your face”
  22. Deuteronomy 1:8 Or “fathers”
  23. Deuteronomy 1:9 Literally “to say”
  24. Deuteronomy 1:10 Literally “with respect to multitude/abundance”
  25. Deuteronomy 1:11 Or “fathers”
  26. Deuteronomy 1:11 Literally “spoke to you”
  27. Deuteronomy 1:12 Literally “to me alone”
  28. Deuteronomy 1:13 Literally “men wise and discerning and knowledgeable”
  29. Deuteronomy 1:16 Literally “hear between your brothers,” with the idea of listening carefully in this context
  30. Deuteronomy 1:16 Or “righteously”
  31. Deuteronomy 1:16 Literally “between his resident alien/non-Israelite who dwells temporarily among Israel”
  32. Deuteronomy 1:17 Literally “recognize faces”
  33. Deuteronomy 1:17 Literally “in the process of rendering a judgment”
  34. Deuteronomy 1:17 Literally “do not fear before the faces of any man”
  35. Deuteronomy 1:17 Or “hard”
  36. Deuteronomy 1:19 Hebrew “Amorite”
  37. Deuteronomy 1:20 Literally “You have come up to”
  38. Deuteronomy 1:20 Hebrew “Amorite”
  39. Deuteronomy 1:21 Or “fathers”
  40. Deuteronomy 1:22 Literally “before our faces” or “ahead of us”
  41. Deuteronomy 1:22 Literally “a word”
  42. Deuteronomy 1:22 Literally “we should go up by it”
  43. Deuteronomy 1:23 Literally “in my eyes”
  44. Deuteronomy 1:23 Literally “man one from the tribe”
  45. Deuteronomy 1:24 Literally “turned”
  46. Deuteronomy 1:24 Literally “went up toward the hill country mountain”
  47. Deuteronomy 1:24 A valley that is dry most of the year, but contains a stream during the rainy season
  48. Deuteronomy 1:25 Hebrew “hand”
  49. Deuteronomy 1:25 Literally “from the fruit”
  50. Deuteronomy 1:25 Literally “a word”
  51. Deuteronomy 1:26 Literally “mouth”
  52. Deuteronomy 1:27 Hebrew “Amorite”
  53. Deuteronomy 1:28 Literally “caused to melt our hearts”
  54. Deuteronomy 1:28 Literally “to say”
  55. Deuteronomy 1:28 Or “bigger”
  56. Deuteronomy 1:28 Hebrew “than us”
  57. Deuteronomy 1:30 Literally “to your faces”
  58. Deuteronomy 1:30 The Hebrew pronoun indicates emphasis
  59. Deuteronomy 1:30 Literally “like all that”
  60. Deuteronomy 1:31 Or “desert”
  61. Deuteronomy 1:31 Or “where”
  62. Deuteronomy 1:31 Or “how”
  63. Deuteronomy 1:31 Or “a man”
  64. Deuteronomy 1:31 Literally “you came”
  65. Deuteronomy 1:33 Literally “is the one going”
  66. Deuteronomy 1:33 Literally “before your faces”
  67. Deuteronomy 1:33 Hebrew “the”
  68. Deuteronomy 1:33 Literally “you should go in it”
  69. Deuteronomy 1:34 Literally “to say”
  70. Deuteronomy 1:35 The beginning of an oath in Hebrew; the text emphatically denies anyone of that evil generation the privilege of seeing the promised land
  71. Deuteronomy 1:35 Or “fathers”
  72. Deuteronomy 1:36 Emphatic use of the pronoun
  73. Deuteronomy 1:36 Or “descendants”
  74. Deuteronomy 1:36 Literally “he filled his hands after Yahweh”
  75. Deuteronomy 1:38 Literally “the one standing before you”
  76. Deuteronomy 1:39 The Hebrew pronoun is used for emphasis
  77. Deuteronomy 1:40 Literally “sea of reeds”
  78. Deuteronomy 1:41 Literally “his vessels of battle”
  79. Deuteronomy 1:42 Literally “in the faces of your enemies”
  80. Deuteronomy 1:43 Literally “mouth of Yahweh”
  81. Deuteronomy 1:44 Literally “to meet you”
  82. Deuteronomy 1:44 Literally “cut”
  83. Deuteronomy 1:45 Literally “before the faces of Yahweh”
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Deuteronomy 1
New American Standard Bible

Israel’s History after the Exodus

1 These are the words that Moses spoke to all Israel (A)across the Jordan in the wilderness, in the (B)Arabah opposite [a]Suph, between Paran and Tophel, Laban, Hazeroth, and Dizahab. 2 It is eleven days’ journey from (C)Horeb by way of Mount (D)Seir to (E)Kadesh-barnea. 3 In the (F)fortieth year, on the first day of the eleventh month, Moses spoke to the sons of Israel, (G)in accordance with everything that the Lord had commanded him to declare to them, 4 after he had [b](H)defeated Sihon the king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon, and (I)Og the king of Bashan, who lived in (J)Ashtaroth [c]and in Edrei. 5 Across the Jordan in the land of Moab, Moses began to explain this Law, saying,

6 “The Lord our God (K)spoke to us at Horeb, saying, ‘You have stayed long enough at this mountain. 7 Turn and set out on your journey, and go to (L)the hill country of the Amorites, and to all their neighbors in the Arabah, in the hill country, in the lowland, in (M)the [d]Negev, by the seacoast, the land of the Canaanites, and Lebanon, as far as the great river, the river Euphrates. 8 See, I have placed the land before you; go in and take possession of the land which the Lord (N)swore to give to your fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, and their [e]descendants after them.’

9 “And I spoke to you at that time, saying, ‘(O)I am not able to endure you alone. 10 The Lord your God has (P)multiplied you, and behold, you are this day like the stars of heaven in number. 11 May the Lord, the God of your fathers increase you a thousand times more than you are, and bless you, (Q)just as He has [f]promised you! 12 How can I alone endure the burden and weight of you and your strife? 13 (R)Obtain for yourselves men who are wise, discerning, and informed from your tribes, and I will appoint them as your heads.’ 14 And you answered me and said, ‘The thing which you have said to do is good.’ 15 So I took the heads of your tribes, wise and informed men, and [g]appointed them as heads over you, commanders of thousands, [h]hundreds, [i]fifties, and [j]tens, and officers for your tribes.

16 “Then I ordered your judges at that time, saying, ‘Hear the cases between your fellow countrymen and (S)judge righteously between a person and his fellow countryman, or the stranger who is with him. 17 (T)You are not to [k]show partiality in judgment; you shall hear the small and the great alike. You are (U)not to be afraid of any person, for the judgment is God’s. (V)The case that is too difficult for you, you shall bring to me, and I will hear it.’ 18 At that time (W)I commanded you all the things that you were to do.

19 “Then we set out from (X)Horeb, and went through all that (Y)great and terrible wilderness that you saw on the way to the (Z)hill country of the Amorites, just as the Lord our God had commanded us; and we came to (AA)Kadesh-barnea. 20 And I said to you, ‘You have come to the hill country of the Amorites, which the Lord our God is about to give us. 21 See, the Lord your God has placed the land before you; go up, take possession, just as the Lord, the God of your fathers, has spoken to you. (AB)Do not fear or be dismayed.’

22 “(AC)Then all of you approached me and said, ‘Let us send men ahead of us, so that they may spy out the land for us, and bring back to us word of the way by which we should go up, and the cities which we should enter.’ 23 The [l]plan pleased me, and I took twelve of your men, one man for each tribe. 24 Then (AD)they turned and went up into the hill country, and came to the Valley of Eshcol, and spied it out. 25 And they took some of the fruit of the land in their hands and brought it down to us. They also brought us back a report and said, ‘The land that the Lord our God is about to give us is good.’

26 “(AE)Yet you were unwilling to go up; instead you (AF)rebelled against the [m]command of the Lord your God; 27 and (AG)you grumbled in your tents and said, ‘Because the Lord hates us, He has brought us out of the land of Egypt, to hand us over to the Amorites to destroy us. 28 Where can we go up? Our brothers have made our hearts melt, by saying, “The people are bigger and taller than we; the cities are large and fortified up to heaven. And besides, we saw (AH)the sons of the Anakim there.”’ 29 But I said to you, ‘Do not be terrified, nor fear them. 30 The Lord your God, who goes before you, will (AI)Himself fight for you, [n]just as He did for you in Egypt before your eyes, 31 and in the wilderness where you saw how (AJ)the Lord your God carried you, just as a man carries his son, on all of the road which you have walked until you came to this place.’ 32 Yet [o](AK)in spite of all this, you did not trust the Lord your God, 33 (AL)who goes before you on your way, (AM)to seek out a place for you to make camp, in the fire by night to show you the way by which you should go, and in the cloud by day.

34 “Then the Lord heard the sound of your words, and He was angry and (AN)swore an oath, saying, 35 ‘(AO)Not one of these men, this evil generation, shall see the good land which I swore to give your fathers, 36 except Caleb the son of Jephunneh; he shall see it, and (AP)to him I will give the land on which he has set foot, and to his sons, because he has followed the Lord fully.’ 37 (AQ)The Lord was angry with me also on your account, saying, ‘(AR)Not even you shall enter there. 38 Joshua the son of Nun, who stands before you, (AS)shall himself enter there; encourage him, for (AT)he will give it to Israel as an inheritance. 39 Moreover, (AU)your little ones who, you said, would become plunder, and your sons, who this day have (AV)no knowledge of good and evil, shall enter there, and I will give it to them and they shall take possession of it. 40 But as for you, (AW)turn around and set out for the wilderness by the way of the [p]Red Sea.’

41 “(AX)Then you replied to me, ‘We have sinned against the Lord; we ourselves will go up and fight, just as the Lord our God commanded us.’ And every man of you strapped on his weapons of war, and you viewed it as easy to go up into the hill country. 42 (AY)But the Lord said to me, ‘Say to them, “Do not go up nor fight, for I am not among you; otherwise you will be [q]defeated [r]by your enemies.”’ 43 So I spoke to you, but you would not listen. Instead, (AZ)you rebelled against the [s]command of the Lord, and acted presumptuously and went up into the hill country. 44 (BA)And the Amorites who lived in that hill country came out against you and chased you (BB)as bees do, and they scattered you from Seir to Hormah. 45 Then you returned and wept before the Lord; but the (BC)Lord did not listen to your voice, nor pay attention to you. 46 So you remained at (BD)Kadesh for many days, [t]the days that you spent there.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 1:1 Perhaps the Red Sea
  2. Deuteronomy 1:4 Lit struck
  3. Deuteronomy 1:4 So ancient versions; MT omits and
  4. Deuteronomy 1:7 I.e., South country
  5. Deuteronomy 1:8 Lit seed
  6. Deuteronomy 1:11 Lit spoken to
  7. Deuteronomy 1:15 Lit gave them as
  8. Deuteronomy 1:15 Lit commanders of
  9. Deuteronomy 1:15 Lit commanders of
  10. Deuteronomy 1:15 Lit commanders of
  11. Deuteronomy 1:17 Lit recognize faces
  12. Deuteronomy 1:23 Lit word
  13. Deuteronomy 1:26 Lit mouth
  14. Deuteronomy 1:30 Lit according to all that
  15. Deuteronomy 1:32 Lit in this matter
  16. Deuteronomy 1:40 Lit Sea of Reeds
  17. Deuteronomy 1:42 Lit struck
  18. Deuteronomy 1:42 Lit before
  19. Deuteronomy 1:43 Lit mouth
  20. Deuteronomy 1:46 Lit as the days
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