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Orden de entrar a la tierra prometida

Estas son las palabras que Moisés habló a todo Israel al otro lado del río Jordán, en el desierto(A), en el Arabá(B), frente a Suf[a], entre Parán, Tofel, Labán, Hazerot y Dizahab. Hay once días de camino desde Horeb(C) hasta Cades Barnea(D) por el camino del monte Seir(E). En el año cuarenta(F), el mes undécimo, el primer día del mes, Moisés habló a los israelitas conforme a todo lo que el Señor le había ordenado(G) que les diera, después de haber derrotado[b] a Sehón, rey de los amorreos, que habitaba en Hesbón(H), y a Og, rey de Basán(I), que habitaba en Astarot y[c] en Edrei(J).

Al otro lado del Jordán, en la tierra de Moab, Moisés comenzó a explicar esta ley: «El Señor nuestro Dios nos habló en Horeb(K) y dijo: “Ustedes han permanecido[d] bastante tiempo en este monte. Vuélvanse; pónganse en marcha y vayan a la región montañosa de los amorreos, y a todos sus vecinos, en el Arabá, en la región montañosa, en el valle[e](L), en el Neguev[f], y por la costa del mar, la tierra de los cananeos y el Líbano, hasta el gran río, el río Éufrates(M). Miren, he puesto la tierra delante de ustedes. Entren y tomen posesión de la tierra que el Señor juró dar a sus padres Abraham, Isaac y Jacob, a ellos y a su descendencia[g] después de ellos(N)”.

Ayudantes para Moisés

»En aquel tiempo les hablé: “Yo solo no puedo llevar la carga de todos ustedes(O). 10 El Señor su Dios los ha multiplicado y hoy son como las estrellas del cielo en multitud(P). 11 Que el Señor, el Dios de sus padres, los multiplique mil veces más de lo que son y los bendiga, tal como les ha prometido[h](Q). 12 ¿Cómo puedo yo solo llevar el peso y la carga de ustedes y sus pleitos? 13 Escojan[i] de entre sus tribus hombres sabios, entendidos y expertos, y yo los nombraré como sus jefes(R)”. 14 Entonces ustedes me respondieron: “Bueno es que se haga lo que has dicho”. 15 Así que tomé a los principales[j] de sus tribus, hombres sabios y expertos, y los nombré[k] como dirigentes[l] suyos: jefes de mil, de[m] cien, de[n] cincuenta y de[o] diez, y oficiales para sus tribus.

16 »En aquella ocasión di órdenes a sus jueces y les dije: “Oigan los pleitos entre sus hermanos[p], y juzguen justamente(S) entre un hombre y su hermano[q], o el extranjero que está con él. 17 No mostrarán parcialidad en el juicio; lo mismo oirán al pequeño que al grande(T). No tendrán temor del[r] hombre, porque el juicio es de Dios(U). El caso que sea muy difícil para ustedes, me lo traerán a mí, y yo lo oiré(V)”. 18 En aquella misma ocasión les mandé todas las cosas que debían hacer(W).

Misión de los doce espías

19 »(X)Entonces salimos de Horeb(Y) y pasamos por todo aquel vasto y terrible desierto(Z) que ustedes vieron, camino de la región montañosa de los amorreos(AA), tal como el Señor nuestro Dios nos había mandado, y llegamos a Cades Barnea(AB). 20 Y les dije: “Han llegado a la región montañosa de los amorreos que el Señor nuestro Dios nos va a dar. 21 Mira, Israel, el Señor tu Dios ha puesto la tierra delante de ti; sube, toma posesión de ella, como el Señor, el Dios de tus padres, te ha dicho. No temas ni te acobardes(AC)”.

22 »Entonces todos ustedes se acercaron a mí, y dijeron: “Enviemos hombres delante de nosotros, que nos exploren la tierra, y nos traigan noticia[s] del camino por el cual hemos de subir y de las ciudades a las cuales entraremos(AD)”. 23 Me agradó el plan[t], y tomé a doce hombres de entre ustedes, un hombre por cada tribu. 24 Ellos salieron[u] y subieron a la región montañosa, y llegaron hasta el valle[v] de Escol, y reconocieron la tierra[w](AE). 25 Entonces tomaron en sus manos del fruto de la tierra y nos lo trajeron; y nos dieron[x] un informe y dijeron[y]: “Es una tierra buena que el Señor nuestro Dios nos da”.

26 »Sin embargo, ustedes no quisieron subir(AF), y se rebelaron contra el mandato[z] del Señor su Dios(AG). 27 Murmuraron en sus tiendas(AH) y dijeron[aa]: “Porque el Señor nos aborrece, nos ha sacado de la tierra de Egipto para entregarnos en manos de los amorreos y destruirnos. 28 ¿Adónde subiremos? Nuestros hermanos nos han atemorizado[ab], diciendo: ‘El pueblo es más grande y más alto que nosotros; las ciudades son grandes y fortificadas hasta el cielo. Y además vimos allí a los hijos de Anac(AI)’”.

29 »Entonces yo les dije: “No teman ni les tengan miedo. 30 El Señor su Dios, que va delante de ustedes, Él peleará por ustedes(AJ), así como lo[ac] hizo delante de sus ojos en Egipto 31 y en el desierto, donde has visto cómo el Señor tu Dios te llevó, como un hombre lleva a su hijo(AK), por todo el camino que anduvieron hasta llegar a este lugar”. 32 Pero con todo esto[ad], ustedes no confiaron en el Señor su Dios(AL), 33 que iba delante de ustedes en el camino para buscarles lugar donde acampar, con fuego de noche y nube de día(AM), para mostrarles el camino por donde debían andar(AN).

El castigo de Dios

34 »(AO)Entonces el Señor oyó la voz de las palabras de ustedes, y se enojó y juró: 35 “Ninguno de estos hombres, esta generación perversa, verá la buena tierra que juré dar a sus padres(AP), 36 excepto Caleb, hijo de Jefone; él la verá, y a él y a sus hijos daré la tierra que ha pisado, pues él ha seguido fielmente al Señor(AQ)”. 37 El Señor se enojó también contra mí por causa de ustedes(AR) y dijo: “Tampoco tú entrarás allá(AS). 38 Josué, hijo de Nun, que está delante de ti, él entrará allá; anímale(AT), porque él hará que Israel la posea(AU). 39 Además, en cuanto a los pequeños, que ustedes dijeron que vendrían a ser presa(AV), y sus hijos, que hoy no tienen conocimiento del bien ni del mal(AW), entrarán allá, y a ellos les daré la tierra y ellos la poseerán. 40 Pero ustedes, vuélvanse y vayan hacia el desierto por el camino del mar Rojo[ae](AX)”.

41 »(AY)Entonces ustedes respondieron: “Hemos pecado contra el Señor; nosotros subiremos y pelearemos tal como el Señor nuestro Dios nos ha mandado”. Y cada uno de ustedes se puso sus armas de guerra, y pensaron que era fácil subir a la región montañosa. 42 Pero el Señor me dijo: “Diles: ‘No suban, ni peleen, pues Yo no estoy entre ustedes; para que no sean derrotados por[af] sus enemigos(AZ)’”. 43 Así les hablé, pero no quisieron escuchar. Al contrario, se rebelaron contra el mandamiento[ag] del Señor, y obraron con orgullo, y subieron a la región montañosa(BA). 44 Los amorreos que moraban en aquella región montañosa salieron contra ustedes, y los persiguieron como lo hacen las abejas(BB), y los derrotaron[ah] desde Seir hasta Horma(BC). 45 Entonces volvieron y lloraron delante del Señor, pero el Señor no escuchó su voz, ni les hizo caso(BD). 46 Por eso ustedes permanecieron en Cades muchos días, los días[ai] que pasaron allí(BE).

Footnotes

  1. 1:1 Posiblemente, el mar Rojo.
  2. 1:4 Lit. herido.
  3. 1:4 Así en algunas versiones antiguas; el T.M. no incluye, y.
  4. 1:6 Lit. morado.
  5. 1:7 Heb. Sefela.
  6. 1:7 I.e. región del sur.
  7. 1:8 Lit. simiente.
  8. 1:11 Lit. hablado.
  9. 1:13 Lit. Darles.
  10. 1:15 Lit. cabezas.
  11. 1:15 Lit. di.
  12. 1:15 Lit. cabezas.
  13. 1:15 Lit. jefes de.
  14. 1:15 Lit. jefes de.
  15. 1:15 Lit. jefes de.
  16. 1:16 O conciudadano(s).
  17. 1:16 O conciudadano(s).
  18. 1:17 Lit. a causa del.
  19. 1:22 Lit. palabra.
  20. 1:23 Lit. la palabra.
  21. 1:24 Lit. Y se volvieron.
  22. 1:24 O torrente.
  23. 1:24 Lit. y la exploraron.
  24. 1:25 Lit. trajeron.
  25. 1:25 Lit. y dijeron.
  26. 1:26 Lit. la boca.
  27. 1:27 Lit. y dijeron.
  28. 1:28 Lit. han atemorizado nuestro corazón.
  29. 1:30 Lit. conforme a todo lo que.
  30. 1:32 Lit. en este asunto.
  31. 1:40 Lit. mar de Cañas.
  32. 1:42 Lit. heridos delante de.
  33. 1:43 Lit. la boca.
  34. 1:44 Lit. despedazaron.
  35. 1:46 Lit. como los días.

Events at Horeb Recalled

These are the words that Moses spoke to all Israel beyond the Jordan—in the wilderness, on the plain opposite Suph, between Paran and Tophel, Laban, Hazeroth, and Di-zahab. (By the way of Mount Seir it takes eleven days to reach Kadesh-barnea from Horeb.) In the fortieth year, on the first day of the eleventh month, Moses spoke to the Israelites just as the Lord had commanded him to speak to them. This was after he had defeated King Sihon of the Amorites, who reigned in Heshbon, and King Og of Bashan, who reigned in Ashtaroth and[a] in Edrei. Beyond the Jordan in the land of Moab, Moses undertook to expound this law as follows:

The Lord our God spoke to us at Horeb, saying, ‘You have stayed long enough at this mountain. Resume your journey, and go into the hill country of the Amorites as well as into the neighbouring regions—the Arabah, the hill country, the Shephelah, the Negeb, and the sea coast—the land of the Canaanites and the Lebanon, as far as the great river, the river Euphrates. See, I have set the land before you; go in and take possession of the land that I[b] swore to your ancestors, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to give to them and to their descendants after them.’

Appointment of Tribal Leaders

At that time I said to you, ‘I am unable by myself to bear you. 10 The Lord your God has multiplied you, so that today you are as numerous as the stars of heaven. 11 May the Lord, the God of your ancestors, increase you a thousand times more and bless you, as he has promised you! 12 But how can I bear the heavy burden of your disputes all by myself? 13 Choose for each of your tribes individuals who are wise, discerning, and reputable to be your leaders.’ 14 You answered me, ‘The plan you have proposed is a good one.’ 15 So I took the leaders of your tribes, wise and reputable individuals, and installed them as leaders over you, commanders of thousands, commanders of hundreds, commanders of fifties, commanders of tens, and officials, throughout your tribes. 16 I charged your judges at that time: ‘Give the members of your community a fair hearing, and judge rightly between one person and another, whether citizen or resident alien. 17 You must not be partial in judging: hear out the small and the great alike; you shall not be intimidated by anyone, for the judgement is God’s. Any case that is too hard for you, bring to me, and I will hear it.’ 18 So I charged you at that time with all the things that you should do.

Israel’s Refusal to Enter the Land

19 Then, just as the Lord our God had ordered us, we set out from Horeb and went through all that great and terrible wilderness that you saw, on the way to the hill country of the Amorites, until we reached Kadesh-barnea. 20 I said to you, ‘You have reached the hill country of the Amorites, which the Lord our God is giving us. 21 See, the Lord your God has given the land to you; go up, take possession, as the Lord, the God of your ancestors, has promised you; do not fear or be dismayed.’

22 All of you came to me and said, ‘Let us send men ahead of us to explore the land for us and bring back a report to us regarding the route by which we should go up and the cities we will come to.’ 23 The plan seemed good to me, and I selected twelve of you, one from each tribe. 24 They set out and went up into the hill country, and when they reached the Valley of Eshcol they spied it out 25 and gathered some of the land’s produce, which they brought down to us. They brought back a report to us, and said, ‘It is a good land that the Lord our God is giving us.’

26 But you were unwilling to go up. You rebelled against the command of the Lord your God; 27 you grumbled in your tents and said, ‘It is because the Lord hates us that he has brought us out of the land of Egypt, to hand us over to the Amorites to destroy us. 28 Where are we heading? Our kindred have made our hearts fail by reporting, “The people are stronger and taller than we are; the cities are large and fortified up to heaven! We actually saw there the offspring of the Anakim!”’ 29 I said to you, ‘Have no dread or fear of them. 30 The Lord your God, who goes before you, is the one who will fight for you, just as he did for you in Egypt before your very eyes, 31 and in the wilderness, where you saw how the Lord your God carried you, just as one carries a child, all the way that you travelled until you reached this place. 32 But in spite of this, you have no trust in the Lord your God, 33 who goes before you on the way to seek out a place for you to camp, in fire by night, and in the cloud by day, to show you the route you should take.’

The Penalty for Israel’s Rebellion

34 When the Lord heard your words, he was wrathful and swore: 35 ‘Not one of these—not one of this evil generation—shall see the good land that I swore to give to your ancestors, 36 except Caleb son of Jephunneh. He shall see it, and to him and to his descendants I will give the land on which he set foot, because of his complete fidelity to the Lord.’ 37 Even with me the Lord was angry on your account, saying, ‘You also shall not enter there. 38 Joshua son of Nun, your assistant, shall enter there; encourage him, for he is the one who will secure Israel’s possession of it. 39 And as for your little ones, who you thought would become booty, your children, who today do not yet know right from wrong, they shall enter there; to them I will give it, and they shall take possession of it. 40 But as for you, journey back into the wilderness, in the direction of the Red Sea.’[c]

41 You answered me, ‘We have sinned against the Lord! We are ready to go up and fight, just as the Lord our God commanded us.’ So all of you strapped on your battle gear, and thought it easy to go up into the hill country. 42 The Lord said to me, ‘Say to them, “Do not go up and do not fight, for I am not in the midst of you; otherwise you will be defeated by your enemies.”’ 43 Although I told you, you would not listen. You rebelled against the command of the Lord and presumptuously went up into the hill country. 44 The Amorites who lived in that hill country then came out against you and chased you as bees do. They beat you down in Seir as far as Hormah. 45 When you returned and wept before the Lord, the Lord would neither heed your voice nor pay you any attention.

The Desert Years

46 After you had stayed at Kadesh as many days as you did,

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 1:4 Gk Syr Vg Compare Josh 12.4: Heb lacks and
  2. Deuteronomy 1:8 Sam Gk: MT the Lord
  3. Deuteronomy 1:40 Or Sea of Reeds

1-5 This book records Moses’ address to the people of Israel when they were camped in the valley of the Arabah in the wilderness of Moab, east of the Jordan River. (Cities in the area included Suph, Paran, Tophel, Laban, Hazeroth, and Dizahab.) The speech was given on February 15,[a] forty years after the people of Israel left Mount Horeb—though it takes only eleven days to travel by foot from Mount Horeb to Kadesh-barnea, going by way of Mount Seir! At the time of this address, King Sihon of the Amorites had already been defeated at Heshbon, and King Og of Bashan had been defeated at Ashtaroth, near Edrei. Here, then, is Moses’ address to Israel, stating all the laws God had commanded him to pass on to them:

“It was forty years ago, at Mount Horeb, that Jehovah our God told us, ‘You have stayed here long enough. Now go and occupy the hill country of the Amorites, the valley of the Arabah, and the Negeb, and all the land of Canaan and Lebanon—the entire area from the shores of the Mediterranean Sea to the Euphrates River. I am giving all of it to you! Go in and possess it, for it is the land the Lord promised to your ancestors Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and all of their descendants.’

“At that time I told the people, ‘I need help! You are a great burden for me to carry all by myself, 10 for the Lord has multiplied you to become as many as the stars! 11 And may he multiply you a thousand times more and bless you as he promised, 12 but what can one man do to settle all your quarrels and problems? 13 So choose some men from each tribe who are wise, experienced, and understanding, and I will appoint them as your leaders.’

14 “They agreed to this; 15 I took the men they selected, some from every tribe, and appointed them as administrative assistants in charge of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tens to decide their quarrels and assist them in every way. 16 I instructed them to be perfectly fair at all times, even to foreigners. 17 ‘When giving your decisions,’ I told them, ‘never favor a man because he is rich; be fair to great and small alike. Don’t fear their displeasure, for you are judging in the place of God. Bring me any cases too difficult for you, and I will handle them.’ 18 And I gave them other instructions at that time also.

19-21 “Then we left Mount Horeb and traveled through the great and terrible desert, finally arriving among the Amorite hills to which the Lord our God had directed us. We were then at Kadesh-barnea on the border of the Promised Land[b] and I said to the people, ‘The Lord God has given us this land. Go and possess it as he told us to. Don’t be afraid! Don’t even doubt!’

22 “But they replied, ‘First let’s send out spies to discover the best route of entry, and to decide which cities we should capture first.’

23 “This seemed like a good idea, so I chose twelve spies, one from each tribe. 24-25 They crossed into the hills and came to the valley of Eshcol, and returned with samples of the local fruit. One look was enough to convince us that it was indeed a good land the Lord our God had given us. 26 But the people refused to go in and rebelled against the Lord’s command.

27 “They murmured and complained in their tents and said, ‘The Lord must hate us, bringing us here from Egypt to be slaughtered by these Amorites. 28 What are we getting into? Our brothers who spied out the land have frightened us with their report. They say that the people of the land are tall and powerful, and that the walls of their cities rise high into the sky! They have even seen giants there—the descendants of the Anakim!’

29 “But I said to them, ‘Don’t be afraid! 30 The Lord God is your leader, and he will fight for you with his mighty miracles, just as you saw him do in Egypt. 31 And you know how he has cared for you again and again here in the wilderness, just as a father cares for his child!’ 32 But nothing I said did any good.

“They refused to believe the Lord our God 33 who had led them all the way, and had selected the best places for them to camp, and had guided them by a pillar of fire at night and a pillar of cloud during the day.

34-35 “Well, the Lord heard their complaining and was very angry. He vowed that not one person in that entire generation would live to see the good land he had promised their fathers, 36 except Caleb (the son of Jephunneh), who, because he had wholly followed the Lord, would receive as his personal inheritance some of the land he had walked over.

37 “And the Lord was even angry with me because of them and said to me, ‘You shall not enter the Promised Land! 38 Instead, your assistant, Joshua (the son of Nun), shall lead the people. Encourage him as he prepares to take over the leadership. 39 I will give the land to the children they said would die in the wilderness. 40 But as for you of the older generation, turn around now and go on back across the desert toward the Red Sea.’

41 “Then they confessed, ‘We have sinned! We will go into the land and fight for it as the Lord our God has told us to.’ So they strapped on their weapons and thought it would be easy to conquer the whole area.

42 “But the Lord said to me, ‘Tell them not to do it, for I will not go with them; they will be struck down before their enemies.’

43 “I told them, but they wouldn’t listen. Instead, they rebelled again against the Lord’s commandment and went on up into the hill country to fight. 44 But the Amorites who lived there came out against them and chased them like bees and killed them from Seir to Hormah. 45 Then they returned and wept before the Lord, but he wouldn’t listen. 46 So they stayed there at Kadesh for a long time.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 1:1 February 15, literally, “the first day of the eleventh month” (of the Hebrew calendar). eleven days to travel by foot from Mount Horeb to Kadesh-barnea. Kadesh-barnea was at the southern edge of the Promised Land.
  2. Deuteronomy 1:19 on the border of the Promised Land, implied.