Daniel’s Vision of a Ram and a Goat

In the third year of King Belshazzar’s(A) reign, I, Daniel, had a vision,(B) after the one that had already appeared to me. In my vision I saw myself in the citadel of Susa(C) in the province of Elam;(D) in the vision I was beside the Ulai Canal. I looked up,(E) and there before me was a ram(F) with two horns, standing beside the canal, and the horns were long. One of the horns was longer than the other but grew up later. I watched the ram as it charged toward the west and the north and the south. No animal could stand against it, and none could rescue from its power.(G) It did as it pleased(H) and became great.

As I was thinking about this, suddenly a goat with a prominent horn between its eyes came from the west, crossing the whole earth without touching the ground. It came toward the two-horned ram I had seen standing beside the canal and charged at it in great rage. I saw it attack the ram furiously, striking the ram and shattering its two horns. The ram was powerless to stand against it; the goat knocked it to the ground and trampled on it,(I) and none could rescue the ram from its power.(J) The goat became very great, but at the height of its power the large horn was broken off,(K) and in its place four prominent horns grew up toward the four winds of heaven.(L)

Out of one of them came another horn, which started small(M) but grew in power to the south and to the east and toward the Beautiful Land.(N) 10 It grew until it reached(O) the host of the heavens, and it threw some of the starry host down to the earth(P) and trampled(Q) on them. 11 It set itself up to be as great as the commander(R) of the army of the Lord;(S) it took away the daily sacrifice(T) from the Lord, and his sanctuary was thrown down.(U) 12 Because of rebellion, the Lord’s people[a] and the daily sacrifice were given over to it. It prospered in everything it did, and truth was thrown to the ground.(V)

13 Then I heard a holy one(W) speaking, and another holy one said to him, “How long will it take for the vision to be fulfilled(X)—the vision concerning the daily sacrifice, the rebellion that causes desolation, the surrender of the sanctuary and the trampling underfoot(Y) of the Lord’s people?”

14 He said to me, “It will take 2,300 evenings and mornings; then the sanctuary will be reconsecrated.”(Z)

The Interpretation of the Vision

15 While I, Daniel, was watching the vision(AA) and trying to understand it, there before me stood one who looked like a man.(AB) 16 And I heard a man’s voice from the Ulai(AC) calling, “Gabriel,(AD) tell this man the meaning of the vision.”(AE)

17 As he came near the place where I was standing, I was terrified and fell prostrate.(AF) “Son of man,”[b] he said to me, “understand that the vision concerns the time of the end.”(AG)

18 While he was speaking to me, I was in a deep sleep, with my face to the ground.(AH) Then he touched me and raised me to my feet.(AI)

19 He said: “I am going to tell you what will happen later in the time of wrath,(AJ) because the vision concerns the appointed time(AK) of the end.[c](AL) 20 The two-horned ram that you saw represents the kings of Media and Persia.(AM) 21 The shaggy goat is the king of Greece,(AN) and the large horn between its eyes is the first king.(AO) 22 The four horns that replaced the one that was broken off represent four kingdoms that will emerge from his nation but will not have the same power.

23 “In the latter part of their reign, when rebels have become completely wicked, a fierce-looking king, a master of intrigue, will arise. 24 He will become very strong, but not by his own power. He will cause astounding devastation and will succeed in whatever he does. He will destroy those who are mighty, the holy people.(AP) 25 He will cause deceit(AQ) to prosper, and he will consider himself superior. When they feel secure, he will destroy many and take his stand against the Prince of princes.(AR) Yet he will be destroyed, but not by human power.(AS)

26 “The vision of the evenings and mornings that has been given you is true,(AT) but seal(AU) up the vision, for it concerns the distant future.”(AV)

27 I, Daniel, was worn out. I lay exhausted(AW) for several days. Then I got up and went about the king’s business.(AX) I was appalled(AY) by the vision; it was beyond understanding.

Footnotes

  1. Daniel 8:12 Or rebellion, the armies
  2. Daniel 8:17 The Hebrew phrase ben adam means human being. The phrase son of man is retained as a form of address here because of its possible association with “Son of Man” in the New Testament.
  3. Daniel 8:19 Or because the end will be at the appointed time

Het schaap en de geitenbok

Toen koning Beltsazar drie jaar koning was, kreeg ik wéér een droom. In die droom zag ik dat ik in de buurt van de burcht Suzan was. Suzan ligt in de provincie Elam. Ik stond bij de rivier de Ulai. Ik zag plotseling een mannetjes-schaap bij de rivier staan. Het dier kreeg twee lange horens, maar de ene hoorn werd langer dan de andere. Die langste hoorn groeide later uit zijn kop dan de andere hoorn. Ik zag het dier met zijn horens stoten in de richting van de dieren in het westen, het noorden en het zuiden. Geen enkel dier kon tegen hem op. Het was sterker dan alle andere dieren en het kon doen wat het wilde. Niemand kon uit zijn macht worden gered. Het werd steeds machtiger.

Terwijl ik hier nog over nadacht, zag ik plotseling een geitenbok uit het westen komen. Hij kwam over de aarde aanrennen zonder de grond aan te raken. Hij had één grote hoorn op zijn voorhoofd. Hij draafde naar het schaap met de twee horens dat ik bij de rivier had zien staan. Hij stormde met kracht op hem af. Toen hij vlakbij was, stootte hij woedend toe en brak de twee horens van het schaap. Het schaap met de twee horens kon niet tegen hem op. De bok met de ene hoorn gooide hem tegen de grond en vertrapte hem. Niemand kon het schaap nog redden. De bok met de ene hoorn werd steeds machtiger. Maar toen hij heel erg machtig was geworden, brak de grote hoorn plotseling af. Daarvoor in de plaats ontstonden vier grote horens die in de richting van de vier windstreken wezen. Uit één van die horens ontstond weer een andere hoorn. Eerst was die heel klein, maar hij groeide verder en verder. Hij groeide in de richting van het zuiden, van het oosten en van het Sieraad.[a] 10 De hoorn werd zó groot dat hij tot aan de hemelse legers kwam. En hij stootte sommigen van dat leger, namelijk de sterren,[b] uit de hemel en vertrapte ze. 11 Hij voelde zich machtiger dan de Heer van de hemelse legers. Hij zorgde ervoor dat er geen offers meer aan Hem werden gebracht.[c] En hij vernederde het heiligdom. 12 Het leger[d] werd aan de vijand overgeleverd, zó opstandig waren de mensen tegen God. De dagelijkse offers waren voor een ander. Hij heerste wreed en met geweld en alles wat hij deed, lukte hem.

13 Toen hoorde ik een andere engel spreken tegen de engel die met mij had gesproken. Hij vroeg: "Hoelang zal dit duren? Hoelang zal het dagelijkse offer niet aan Hem worden gebracht? Hoelang zal de ongehoorzaamheid duren die uiteindelijk leidt tot verwoesting van het heiligdom en van het leger?" 14 En hij zei tegen mij: "Dat zal 2300 avonden en ochtenden duren.[e] Dan zal het heiligdom weer plechtig in gebruik genomen worden voor de aanbidding van God."

De betekenis van de tweede droom

15 Ik zag al deze dingen en probeerde ze te begrijpen. Toen zag ik plotseling iemand die er uitzag als een man. 16 En ik hoorde een menselijke stem boven de Ulai zeggen: "Gabriël, zorg dat deze mens het begrijpt." 17 De man kwam naar mij toe. Toen hij dicht bij mij kwam, werd ik zó bang dat ik op de grond viel. Maar hij zei: "Mensenzoon, je moet begrijpen dat de dingen die je hebt gezien, over het eind van de tijd gaan." 18 Toen hij tegen mij sprak, viel ik flauw. Ik viel met mijn gezicht op de grond. Maar hij raakte mij aan en zette mij weer overeind. 19 En hij zei: "Ik zal je vertellen wat er aan het eind van de tijd zal gebeuren, aan het einde van Gods straf. Want God heeft bepaald wanneer het einde er zal zijn.

20 Het schaap met de twee horens dat je hebt gezien, stelt de koningen van Medië en Perzië voor. 21 De harige bok stelt de koning van Griekenland voor.[f] De grote hoorn in het midden van zijn voorhoofd is de eerste koning.[g] 22 Die hoorn breekt plotseling af. Op zijn plaats ontstaan vier nieuwe horens. Dat betekent dat er vier koninkrijken uit dat ene koninkrijk zullen ontstaan.[h] Maar die koninkrijken zullen niet zo machtig zijn als het koninkrijk van de eerste hoorn. 23 Op een dag zullen de ongehoorzamen de maat van hun slechtheid vol hebben gemaakt. Dan komt er een eind aan hun regering.[i] Er komt een andere koning.[j] Hij is hard en wreed en sluw. 24 Hij zal erg machtig zijn, maar niet door zijn eigen kracht. Hij zal vreselijke vernietiging brengen. En alles wat hij van plan is, zal hem ook lukken. Hij zal machtige mensen vernietigen, ook het volk van God. 25 Doordat hij zo sluw is, zullen al zijn plannen slagen. Hij zal trots zijn op alles wat hij doet en plotseling velen vernietigen. Hij zal ook proberen de allerhoogste Koning te vernietigen. Maar hij zal zelf worden vernietigd, zonder dat een mens dat heeft gedaan.[k]

26 Wat je zag over de avonden en ochtenden, is waar. Maar zorg ervoor dat alles wat je hebt gezien, geheim blijft.[l] Want het gaat pas in de verre toekomst gebeuren."

27 Ik, Daniël, was helemaal uitgeput toen ik wakker werd. Ik was er een paar dagen ziek van. Daarna stond ik weer op en werkte ik weer voor de koning. Ik was erg geschokt over mijn droom, maar niemand merkte het.

Footnotes

  1. Daniël 8:9 Gods Sieraad, Gods kostbaarste land: het land Israël.
  2. Daniël 8:10 Met 'sterren' worden in de bijbel vaak belangrijke engelen bedoeld.
  3. Daniël 8:11 Lees ook Openbaring 13:3 en 4. De offers worden niet meer aan Hem, maar aan een ander gebracht.
  4. Daniël 8:12 Dat zijn de gelovigen.
  5. Daniël 8:14 De Joodse kalender heeft 354 dagen in een jaar. Dan zijn 2300 dagen ongeveer zes jaar en zes maanden.
  6. Daniël 8:21 Het rijk van Medië en Perzië werd veroverd door Alexander de Grote van Griekenland.
  7. Daniël 8:21 Dat was Alexander de Grote.
  8. Daniël 8:22 Alexander de Grote stierf plotseling, op jonge leeftijd. Na zijn dood werd zijn rijk verdeeld over zijn vier legeraanvoerders. Daardoor ontstonden vier rijken: Syrië, Egypte, Griekenland en Klein-Azië.
  9. Daniël 8:23 Vanaf hier neemt de tekst grote stappen door de tijd. Want het gaat hier over het eind van de tijd. Er is dus een 'eerste vervulling' die al gebeurd is, en een 'tweede vervulling' die nog moet komen. Dat het hier ook over het eind van de tijd gaat, blijkt uit wat de engel zegt in vers 26: het gaat over de 'verre toekomst'. In de 'tweede vervulling' zijn de 'ongehoorzamen' alle mensen die zich niets van God willen aantrekken.
  10. Daniël 8:23 De 'eerste vervulling:' Antiochus IV van Syrië. Deze koning vernielde de tempel en vervolgde de Joden verschrikkelijk (in 171-164 vóór het jaar nul). Lees ook Daniël 11:21-35. De 'tweede vervulling:' de anti-christ, het 'beest' uit Openbaring 13:11-18, de grote vijand van God.
  11. Daniël 8:25 Antiochus IV stierf in 164 vóór het jaar nul. De 'tweede vervulling': de anti-christ wordt door God vernietigd.
  12. Daniël 8:26 Het komt door deze opdracht van de engel dat de dingen die Daniël over het einde van de tijd zag zo moeilijk te begrijpen zijn. Daniël heeft alles zó opgeschreven, dat het net niet helemaal duidelijk is.

Vision of a Ram and a Goat

In[a] the third year of the reign of King Belshazzar a vision appeared to me—to me, Daniel—after the one that appeared to me (A)the first time. I saw in the vision, and it so happened while I was looking, that I was in (B)Shushan,[b] the [c]citadel, which is in the province of Elam; and I saw in the vision that I was by the River Ulai. Then I lifted my eyes and saw, and there, standing beside the river, was a ram which had two horns, and the two horns were high; but one was (C)higher than the other, and the higher one came up last. I saw the ram pushing westward, northward, and southward, so that no animal could [d]withstand him; nor was there any that could deliver from his hand, (D)but he did according to his will and became great.

And as I was considering, suddenly a male goat came from the west, across the surface of the whole earth, without touching the ground; and the goat had a notable (E)horn between his eyes. Then he came to the ram that had two horns, which I had seen standing beside the river, and ran at him with furious power. And I saw him confronting the ram; he was moved with rage against him, [e]attacked the ram, and broke his two horns. There was no power in the ram to withstand him, but he cast him down to the ground and trampled him; and there was no one that could deliver the ram from his hand.

Therefore the male goat grew very great; but when he became strong, the large horn was broken, and in place of it (F)four notable ones came up toward the four winds of heaven. (G)And out of one of them came a little horn which grew exceedingly great toward the south, (H)toward the east, and toward the (I)Glorious Land. 10 (J)And it grew up to (K)the host of heaven; and (L)it cast down some of the host and some of the stars to the ground, and trampled them. 11 (M)He even exalted himself as high as (N)the Prince of the host; (O)and by him (P)the daily sacrifices were taken away, and the place of [f]His sanctuary was cast down. 12 Because of transgression, (Q)an army was given over to the horn to oppose the daily sacrifices; and he cast (R)truth down to the ground. He (S)did all this and prospered.

13 Then I heard (T)a holy one speaking; and another holy one said to that certain one who was speaking, “How long will the vision be, concerning the daily sacrifices and the transgression [g]of desolation, the giving of both the sanctuary and the host to be trampled underfoot?”

14 And he said to me, “For two thousand three hundred [h]days; then the sanctuary shall be cleansed.”

Gabriel Interprets the Vision

15 Then it happened, when I, Daniel, had seen the vision and (U)was seeking the meaning, that suddenly there stood before me (V)one having the appearance of a man. 16 And I heard a man’s voice (W)between the banks of the Ulai, who called, and said, (X)“Gabriel, make this man understand the vision.” 17 So he came near where I stood, and when he came I was afraid and (Y)fell on my face; but he said to me, “Understand, son of man, that the vision refers to the time of the end.”

18 (Z)Now, as he was speaking with me, I was in a deep sleep with my face to the ground; (AA)but he touched me, and stood me upright. 19 And he said, “Look, I am making known to you what shall happen in the latter time of the indignation; (AB)for at the appointed time the end shall be. 20 The ram which you saw, having the two horns—they are the kings of Media and Persia. 21 And the [i]male goat is the [j]kingdom of Greece. The large horn that is between its eyes (AC)is the first king. 22 (AD)As for the broken horn and the four that stood up in its place, four kingdoms shall arise out of that nation, but not with its power.

23 “And in the latter time of their kingdom,
When the transgressors have reached their fullness,
A king shall arise,
(AE)Having fierce [k]features,
Who understands sinister schemes.
24 His power shall be mighty, (AF)but not by his own power;
He shall destroy [l]fearfully,
(AG)And shall prosper and thrive;
(AH)He shall destroy the mighty, and also the holy people.

25 “Through(AI) his cunning
He shall cause deceit to prosper under his [m]rule;
(AJ)And he shall exalt himself in his heart.
He shall destroy many in their prosperity.
(AK)He shall even rise against the Prince of princes;
But he shall be (AL)broken without human [n]means.

26 “And the vision of the evenings and mornings
Which was told is true;
(AM)Therefore seal up the vision,
For it refers to many days in the future.

27 (AN)And I, Daniel, fainted and was sick for days; afterward I arose and went about the king’s business. I was [o]astonished by the vision, but no one understood it.

Footnotes

  1. Daniel 8:1 The Hebrew language resumes in Dan. 8:1.
  2. Daniel 8:2 Or Susa
  3. Daniel 8:2 Or fortified palace
  4. Daniel 8:4 Lit. stand before him
  5. Daniel 8:7 Lit. struck
  6. Daniel 8:11 The temple
  7. Daniel 8:13 Or making desolate
  8. Daniel 8:14 Lit. evening-mornings
  9. Daniel 8:21 shaggy male
  10. Daniel 8:21 Lit. king, representing his kingdom, Dan. 7:17, 23
  11. Daniel 8:23 Lit. countenance
  12. Daniel 8:24 Or extraordinarily
  13. Daniel 8:25 Lit. hand
  14. Daniel 8:25 Lit. hand
  15. Daniel 8:27 amazed

Vision of the Ram and Goat

In the third year of the reign of Belshazzar the king a vision appeared to me, [a]Daniel, subsequent to the one which appeared to me [b]previously. I (A)looked in the vision, and while I was looking I was in the citadel of (B)Susa, which is in the province of (C)Elam; and I looked in the vision and I myself was beside the Ulai [c]Canal. Then I lifted my eyes and looked, and behold, a (D)ram which had two horns was standing in front of the [d]canal. Now the two horns were [e]long, but one was [f]longer than the other, with the [g]longer one coming up last. I saw the ram (E)butting westward, northward, and southward, and no other beasts could stand before him nor was there anyone to rescue from his [h]power, but (F)he did as he pleased and magnified himself.

While I was observing, behold, a male goat was coming from the west over the surface of the whole earth without touching the ground; and the [i]goat had a (G)conspicuous horn between his eyes. He came up to the ram that had the two horns, which I had seen standing in front of the [j]canal, and rushed at him in his mighty wrath. I saw him come beside the ram, and he was enraged at him; and he struck the ram and shattered his two horns, and the ram had no strength to withstand him. So he hurled him to the ground and trampled on him, and there was none to rescue the ram from his [k]power. Then the male goat magnified himself exceedingly. But as soon as (H)he was mighty, the (I)large horn was broken; and in its place there came up four conspicuous horns toward the (J)four winds of heaven.

The Little Horn

Out of one of them came forth a rather (K)small horn which grew exceedingly great toward the south, toward the east, and toward the [l](L)Beautiful Land. 10 It grew up to the host of heaven and caused some of the host and some of the (M)stars to fall to the earth, and it (N)trampled them down. 11 It even (O)magnified itself [m]to be equal with the [n]Commander of the host; and it removed the (P)regular sacrifice from Him, and the place of His sanctuary was thrown down. 12 And on account of transgression the host will be given over to the horn along with the regular sacrifice; and it will (Q)fling truth to the ground and perform its will and prosper. 13 Then I heard a (R)holy one speaking, and another holy one said to that particular one who was speaking, “(S)How long will the vision about the regular sacrifice apply, [o]while the transgression causes horror, so as to allow both the holy place and the host [p]to be (T)trampled?” 14 He said to me, “For (U)2,300 evenings and mornings; then the holy place will be [q]properly restored.”

Interpretation of the Vision

15 When (V)I, Daniel, had seen the vision, I sought [r]to understand it; and behold, standing before me was one [s]who looked like a (W)man. 16 And I heard the voice of a man between the banks of Ulai, and he called out and said, “(X)Gabriel, give this man an understanding of the vision.” 17 So he came near to where I was standing, and when he came I was frightened and (Y)fell on my face; but he said to me, “Son of man, understand that the vision pertains to the (Z)time of the end.”

18 Now while he was talking with me, I (AA)sank into a deep sleep with my face to the ground; but he (AB)touched me and made me stand [t]upright. 19 He said, “Behold, I am going to (AC)let you know what will occur at the final period of the indignation, for it pertains to the appointed time of the end.

The Ram’s Identity

20 The (AD)ram which you saw with the two horns represents the kings of Media and Persia.

The Goat

21 The shaggy [u]goat represents the [v]kingdom of Greece, and the large horn that is between his eyes is the first king. 22 The (AE)broken horn and the four horns that arose in its place represent four kingdoms which will arise from his nation, although not with his power.

23 “In the latter period of their [w]rule,
When the transgressors have [x]run their course,
A king will arise,
[y]Insolent and skilled in [z]intrigue.
24 “His power will be mighty, but not by his own power,
And he will [aa](AF)destroy to an extraordinary degree
And prosper and perform his will;
He will [ab]destroy mighty men and [ac]the holy people.
25 “And through his shrewdness
He will cause deceit to succeed by his [ad]influence;
And he will magnify himself in his heart,
And he will [ae]destroy many while they are [af]at ease.
He will even [ag](AG)oppose the Prince of princes,
But he will be broken (AH)without [ah]human agency.
26 “The vision of the evenings and mornings
Which has been told is (AI)true;
But (AJ)keep the vision secret,
For it pertains to many (AK)days in the future.”

27 Then I, Daniel, was [ai](AL)exhausted and sick for days. Then I got up again and (AM)carried on the king’s business; but I was astounded at the vision, and there was none to [aj]explain it.

Footnotes

  1. Daniel 8:1 Lit I, Daniel
  2. Daniel 8:1 Lit at the beginning
  3. Daniel 8:2 Or river
  4. Daniel 8:3 Or river
  5. Daniel 8:3 Lit high(er)
  6. Daniel 8:3 Lit high(er)
  7. Daniel 8:3 Lit high(er)
  8. Daniel 8:4 Lit hand
  9. Daniel 8:5 Lit buck
  10. Daniel 8:6 Or river
  11. Daniel 8:7 Lit hand
  12. Daniel 8:9 I.e. Palestine
  13. Daniel 8:11 Lit up to the
  14. Daniel 8:11 Or Prince
  15. Daniel 8:13 Or possibly and the transgression that horrifies
  16. Daniel 8:13 Lit as a trampling
  17. Daniel 8:14 Lit vindicated
  18. Daniel 8:15 Lit understanding
  19. Daniel 8:15 Lit like the appearance of a man
  20. Daniel 8:18 Lit on my standing
  21. Daniel 8:21 Lit buck
  22. Daniel 8:21 Lit king
  23. Daniel 8:23 Or kingdom
  24. Daniel 8:23 Lit finished
  25. Daniel 8:23 Lit Strong of face
  26. Daniel 8:23 Or ambiguous speech
  27. Daniel 8:24 Or corrupt
  28. Daniel 8:24 Or corrupt
  29. Daniel 8:24 Lit people of the saints
  30. Daniel 8:25 Lit hand
  31. Daniel 8:25 Or corrupt
  32. Daniel 8:25 Or secure
  33. Daniel 8:25 Lit stand against
  34. Daniel 8:25 Lit hand
  35. Daniel 8:27 Or done in
  36. Daniel 8:27 Lit make me understand