Daniel 1
La Bible du Semeur
Récits sous la domination babylonienne
A la cour du roi de Babylone
1 La troisième année du règne de Yehoyaqim, roi de Juda[a], Nabuchodonosor, roi de Babylone, vint assiéger Jérusalem. 2 Le Seigneur lui donna la victoire sur Yehoyaqim et lui livra une partie des objets du Temple. Nabuchodonosor les fit transporter en Babylonie, dans le temple de son dieu et il déposa ces objets dans la salle du trésor de son dieu[b].
3 Le roi ordonna à Ashpenaz, chef de son personnel, de faire venir des Israélites de lignée royale ou de famille noble, 4 quelques jeunes gens sans défaut physique et de belle apparence. Ils devaient être doués d’intelligence, de sagesse dans tous les domaines, posséder de grandes connaissances, être capables d’apprendre la science et de bonne constitution pour entrer au service du palais royal et apprendre la langue et la littérature des Chaldéens. 5 Le roi leur prescrivit pour chaque jour une part des mets de la table royale et du vin dont il buvait lui-même. Leur formation devait durer trois ans, après quoi ils entreraient au service personnel du roi.
6 Parmi les Judéens qui furent sélectionnés se trouvaient Daniel, Hanania, Mishaël et Azaria. 7 Le chef du personnel leur attribua de nouveaux noms, il appela Daniel Beltshatsar, Hanania Shadrak, Mishaël Méshak et Azaria Abed-Nego[c].
8 Daniel prit dans son cœur la résolution de ne pas se rendre impur en consommant les mets du roi et en buvant de son vin. Il supplia le chef du personnel de ne pas l’obliger à se rendre impur[d]. 9 Et Dieu lui accorda la faveur du chef du personnel et lui fit trouver en lui quelqu’un de compréhensif. 10 Mais celui-ci dit à Daniel : Je crains mon seigneur le roi qui a prescrit ce que vous devez manger et boire. Si jamais il trouvait que vous avez l’air d’être en moins bonne santé que les autres jeunes gens de votre âge, à cause de vous, le roi me tiendrait pour coupable, au prix de ma tête.
11 Alors Daniel parla à l’intendant auquel le chef du personnel avait confié la responsabilité de prendre soin de lui, ainsi que de Hanania, de Mishaël et d’Azaria. 12 Il lui proposa : Fais, je te prie, un essai, avec nous, tes serviteurs, pendant dix jours : qu’on nous serve seulement des légumes à manger et de l’eau à boire. 13 Ensuite, tu compareras nos mines avec celles des jeunes gens qui mangent les mets du roi. Après cela, tu décideras d’agir envers nous selon ce que tu auras constaté.
14 L’intendant accepta leur proposition et fit un essai pendant dix jours.
15 Et au bout de ces dix jours, il était manifeste qu’ils avaient meilleure mine et qu’ils étaient en meilleure forme physique que tous les jeunes gens qui mangeaient les mets du roi. 16 Dès lors, l’intendant mit de côté les mets et le vin qui leur étaient destinés et leur fit servir seulement des légumes. 17 Dieu accorda à ces quatre jeunes gens le savoir et la compréhension de toute la littérature et de la sagesse. De plus, Daniel savait interpréter toutes les visions et tous les rêves.
18 A la fin de la période fixée par le roi, le chef du personnel introduisit les jeunes gens en présence de Nabuchodonosor. 19 Le roi s’entretint avec eux et, de tous les jeunes gens qui lui furent présentés, il n’en trouva aucun comme Daniel, Hanania, Mishaël et Azaria. C’est pourquoi ils entrèrent au service personnel du roi. 20 Chaque fois que le roi les consultait sur une question exigeant de la sagesse et du discernement, il les trouvait dix fois supérieurs à tous les mages et magiciens de son royaume. 21 Daniel demeura à la cour de Babylone jusqu’à la première année du règne du roi Cyrus[e].
Footnotes
- 1.1 C’est-à-dire, selon la manière babylonienne de compter les années, 605 av. J.-C. Voir 2 R 24.1 ; 2 Ch 36.5-7. Yehoyaqim a régné de 609 à 598 av. J.-C.
- 1.2 Pour les v. 2-4, voir 2 R 20.17-20 ; 24.10-16 ; 2 Ch 36.10 ; Es 39.6-7.
- 1.7 Ces changements de nom marquent, selon certains, le passage sous l’autorité du roi de Babylone ; pour d’autres, c’est par commodité et non par idéologie que l’on changeait le nom des étrangers (voir Gn 41.45). Beltshatsar: selon certains, « Que sa vie soit protégée », selon d’autres : « Dame (Bélet, titre de l’épouse du dieu Mardouk ou Bel, voir 4.5), protège le roi ! » Shadrak: « Je crains beaucoup (Dieu) ». Méshak: « Je suis de peu de valeur ». Abed-Nego: « Serviteur de celui qui resplendit » ou « serviteur de Nabû », dieu mésopotamien.
- 1.8 Afin de ne pas transgresser les prescriptions alimentaires de la Loi mosaïque concernant la viande (Lv 11 ; 17.10-16 ; 20.25). Pour ce qui est de l’abstinence de vin, elle pouvait marquer le refus d’une alliance avec Nabuchodonosor engageant à une loyauté inconditionnelle, les jeunes Juifs acceptant de servir l’empereur, mais dans certaines limites seulement.
- 1.21 Il s’agit de la première année du règne de Cyrus sur Babylone, c’est-à-dire en 539 ou 538 av. J.-C.
Daniel 1
Living Bible
1 1-2 Three years after King Jehoiakim began to rule in Judah, Babylon’s King Nebuchadnezzar attacked Jerusalem with his armies, and the Lord gave him victory over Jehoiakim. When he returned to Babylon, he took along some of the sacred cups from the Temple of God and placed them in the treasury of his god in the land of Shinar.
3-4 Then he ordered Ashpenaz, who was in charge of his palace personnel,[a] to select some of the Jewish youths brought back as captives—young men of the royal family and nobility of Judah—and to teach them the Chaldean language and literature. “Pick strong, healthy, good-looking lads,” he said; “those who have read widely in many fields, are well informed, alert and sensible, and have enough poise to look good around the palace.”
5 The king assigned them the best of food and wine from his own kitchen during their three-year training period, planning to make them his counselors when they graduated.
6 Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah were four of the young men chosen, all from the tribe of Judah. 7 However, their superintendent gave them Babylonian names, as follows:
Daniel was called Belteshazzar;
Hananiah was called Shadrach;
Mishael was called Meshach;
Azariah was called Abednego.
8 But Daniel made up his mind not to eat[b] the food and wine given to them by the king. He asked the superintendent for permission to eat other things instead. 9 Now as it happened, God had given the superintendent a special appreciation for Daniel and sympathy for his predicament. 10 But he was alarmed by Daniel’s suggestion.
“I’m afraid you will become pale and thin compared with the other youths your age,” he said, “and then the king will behead me for neglecting my responsibilities.”
11 Daniel talked it over with the steward who was appointed by the superintendent to look after Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, 12 and suggested a ten-day diet of only vegetables and water; 13 then, at the end of this trial period the steward could see how they looked in comparison with the other fellows who ate the king’s rich food and decide whether or not to let them continue their diet.
14 The steward finally agreed to the test. 15 Well, at the end of the ten days, Daniel and his three friends looked healthier and better nourished than the youths who had been eating the food supplied by the king! 16 So after that the steward fed them only vegetables and water, without the rich foods and wines!
17 God gave these four youths great ability to learn, and they soon mastered all the literature and science of the time; and God gave to Daniel special ability in understanding the meanings of dreams and visions.
18-19 When the three-year training period was completed, the superintendent brought all the young men to the king for oral exams, as he had been ordered to do. King Nebuchadnezzar had long talks with each of them, and none of them impressed him as much as Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah. So they were put on his regular staff of advisors. 20 And in all matters requiring information and balanced judgment, the king found these young men’s advice ten times better than that of all the skilled magicians and wise astrologers in his realm.
21 Daniel held this appointment as the king’s counselor until the first year of the reign of King Cyrus.
Footnotes
- Daniel 1:3 who was in charge of his palace personnel, literally, “his chief eunuch”; see 2 Kings 20:17-18. to teach them the Chaldean language and literature. The language was Aramaic; the literature would have included mathematics, astronomy, and history—plus a strong dose of alchemy and magic!
- Daniel 1:8 made up his mind not to eat, literally, “determined that he would not defile himself with.” The defilement was probably in eating pork or other foods outlawed in Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14:3-21. He asked the superintendent for permission to eat other things instead, literally, “He asked the superintendent to allow him not to defile himself.”
Daniel 1
Wycliffe Bible
1 In the third year of the realm of Jehoiakim, king of Judah (In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim, the king of Judah), Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, came to Jerusalem, and besieged it.
2 And the Lord betook in his hand Jehoiakim, the king of Judah, and he took a part of the vessels of the house of God; and he bare out those into the land of Shinar, into the house of his god, and he took the vessels into the house of treasure of his god. (And the Lord delivered Jehoiakim, the king of Judah, into his power, and he took some of the vessels of the House of God; and he carried them back to the land of Shinar, to the house of his god, and he put the vessels in the treasure house of his god.)
3 And the king said to Ashpenaz, sovereign of his honest servants and chaste, that he should bring in of the sons of Israel, and of the king’s seed, and the children of tyrants, [or (of) strong men,] (And the king said to Ashpenaz, the ruler of his honest and chaste servants, that is, the master of his eunuchs, that he should bring in some of the Israelites, yea, some of the king’s descendants, and some of the young men of the strong men,)
4 in which were no wem, fair in shape, and learned in all wisdom, wary in knowing, and taught in chastising, either learning, and that might stand in the palace of the king, that he should teach them the letters and language of Chaldees. (in whom there was no blemish, or fault, comely in shape, and learned in all wisdom, yea, knowledgeable, and taught in learning, or in the disciplines, and who might stand in the palace of the king, so that he could teach them the letters and the language of the Chaldeans.)
5 And the king ordained to them lifelode by each day of his meats, and of the wine whereof he drank; that they nourished by three years, should stand afterward before the sight of the king. (And the king ordained for them the daily sustenance of his food, and the wine which he drank; and that after they were nourished for three years, they would stand before the king.)
6 Therefore Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, of the sons of Judah, were among them. (And so Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, of the sons of Judah, were among them.)
7 And the sovereign of the honest servants and chaste putted to them names (And the ruler of the honest and chaste servants, that is, the master of the eunuchs, gave them new names); to Daniel he putted Belteshazzar; to Hananiah, Shadrach; to Mishael, Meshach, and to Azariah, Abednego.
8 Forsooth Daniel purposed in his heart, that he should not be defouled of the board of the king, neither of the wine of his drink; and he prayed the sovereign of the honest servants and chaste, that he should not be defouled. (But Daniel purposed in his heart that he would not be defiled with the king’s food, nor with his wine to drink; and he beseeched the ruler of the eunuchs, that he might not be so defiled.)
9 Forsooth God gave grace and mercy to Daniel, in the sight of the prince of honest servants and chaste. (And God made the ruler of the eunuchs to show grace and mercy to Daniel.)
10 And the prince of honest servants and chaste said to Daniel, I dread my lord the king, that ordained to you meat and drink; and if he see your faces leaner than (the) other young waxing men, your even-eld(er)s, ye shall condemn mine head to the king. (And the ruler of the eunuchs said to Daniel, I fear my lord the king, who ordained for you food and drink; for if he shall see your faces leaner than the other young men, yea, your fellows, then ye shall condemn my head to the king.)
11 And Daniel said to Melzar, whom the prince of honest servants and chaste had ordained on Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, (And Daniel said to Melzar, whom the ruler of the eunuchs had ordained over Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah,)
12 I beseech, assay thou us thy servants by ten days, and pottages be given to us to eat, and water to drink; (I beseech thee, assay thou us thy servants for ten days, and let vegetables be given to us to eat, and water to drink;)
13 and behold thou our cheers, and the cheers of children that eat the king’s meat; and as thou seest, so do thou with thy servants. (and look thou upon our faces, and upon the faces of the young men who eat the king’s food; and as thou seest fit, so do thou with thy servants.)
14 And when he heard such a word, he assayed them (for) ten days.
15 Forsooth after ten days the cheers of them appeared better and fatter, than all the children that ate the king’s meat. (And after ten days their faces appeared better and fatter, than all the other young men who ate the king’s food.)
16 Certainly Melzar took [away] the meats, and the wine of the drink of them, and gave them pottages. (And so Melzar took away the food, and the wine, and gave them vegetables to eat, and water to drink.)
17 Forsooth to these children God gave knowing and learning in each book, and in all wisdom; but to Daniel God gave understanding of all visions and dreams. (And to these young men God gave knowledge from each book, and learning from all wisdom; but to Daniel alone God gave understanding of all visions and dreams.)
18 Therefore when the days were [ful]filled, after which the king said, that they should be brought in, the sovereign of honest servants and chaste brought in them, in the sight of Nebuchadnezzar. (And so when the days were fulfilled, after which the king had said, that they should be brought in, the ruler of the eunuchs brought them in, before Nebuchadnezzar.)
19 And when the king had spoken to them, such were not found of all, as Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah; and they stood in the sight of the king. (And when the king had spoken to them, such was not found from any of the others, as from Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah; and so they stood before the king, that is, and so they entered into his service.)
20 And each word of wisdom and of understanding, which the king asked of them, he found in them tenfold, over all false diviners and astronomers, that were in all his realm (over all the fortunetellers, and the astrologers, who were in all his kingdom).
21 Forsooth Daniel was (there) till to the first year of king Cyrus.
La Bible Du Semeur (The Bible of the Sower) Copyright © 1992, 1999 by Biblica, Inc.®
Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.
The Living Bible copyright © 1971 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.
2001 by Terence P. Noble