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Daniel 1
Nueva Traducción Viviente
Daniel 1
Nueva Traducción Viviente
Daniel en la corte del rey Nabucodonosor
1 Durante el tercer año del reinado de Joacim, rey de Judá,[a] llegó a Jerusalén el rey Nabucodonosor de Babilonia y la sitió. 2 El Señor le dio la victoria sobre el rey Joacim de Judá y le permitió llevarse algunos de los objetos sagrados del templo de Dios. Así que Nabucodonosor se los llevó a Babilonia[b] y los puso en la casa del tesoro del templo de su dios.
3 Luego el rey ordenó a Aspenaz, jefe del Estado Mayor, que trajera al palacio a algunos de los jóvenes de la familia real de Judá y de otras familias nobles, que habían sido llevados a Babilonia como cautivos. 4 «Selecciona solo a jóvenes sanos, fuertes y bien parecidos—le dijo—. Asegúrate de que sean instruidos en todas las ramas del saber, que estén dotados de conocimiento y de buen juicio y que sean aptos para servir en el palacio real. Enseña a estos jóvenes el idioma y la literatura de Babilonia[c]». 5 El rey les asignó una ración diaria de la comida y del vino que provenían de su propia cocina. Debían recibir entrenamiento por tres años y después entrarían al servicio real.
6 Daniel, Ananías, Misael y Azarías fueron cuatro de los jóvenes seleccionados, todos de la tribu de Judá. 7 El jefe del Estado Mayor les dio nuevos nombres babilónicos:
A Daniel lo llamó Beltsasar.
A Ananías lo llamó Sadrac.
A Misael lo llamó Mesac.
A Azarías lo llamó Abed-nego.
8 Sin embargo, Daniel estaba decidido a no contaminarse con la comida y el vino dados por el rey. Le pidió permiso al jefe del Estado Mayor para no comer esos alimentos inaceptables. 9 Ahora bien, Dios había hecho que el jefe del Estado Mayor le tuviera respeto y afecto a Daniel, 10 pero le respondió: «Tengo miedo de mi señor el rey quien ordenó que ustedes comieran estos alimentos y bebieran este vino. Si se vuelven pálidos y delgados en comparación con otros jóvenes de su edad, temo que el rey mandará a decapitarme».
11 Entonces Daniel habló con el asistente que había sido designado por el jefe del Estado Mayor para cuidar a Daniel, Ananías, Misael y Azarías, 12 y le dijo: «Por favor, pruébanos durante diez días con una dieta de vegetales y agua. 13 Al cumplirse los diez días, compara nuestro aspecto con el de los otros jóvenes que comen de la comida del rey. Luego decide de acuerdo con lo que veas».
14 El asistente aceptó la sugerencia de Daniel y los puso a prueba por diez días.
15 Al cumplirse los diez días, Daniel y sus tres amigos se veían más saludables y mejor nutridos que los jóvenes alimentados con la comida asignada por el rey. 16 Así que, desde entonces, el asistente les dio de comer solo vegetales en lugar de los alimentos y el vino que servían a los demás.
17 A estos cuatro jóvenes Dios les dio aptitud excepcional para comprender todos los aspectos de la literatura y la sabiduría; y a Daniel Dios le dio la capacidad especial de interpretar el significado de visiones y sueños.
18 Cuando se cumplió el período de instrucción ordenado por el rey, el jefe del Estado Mayor llevó a todos los jóvenes ante el rey Nabucodonosor. 19 El rey habló con ellos y ninguno le causó mejor impresión que Daniel, Ananías, Misael y Azarías. De modo que entraron al servicio real. 20 Cada vez que el rey los consultaba sobre cualquier asunto que exigiera sabiduría y juicio equilibrado, los encontraba diez veces más capaces que todos los magos y brujos de su reino.
21 Daniel permaneció en el servicio real hasta el primer año del rey Ciro.[d]
Daniel 1
Reina-Valera 1960
Daniel 1
Reina-Valera 1960
Daniel y sus compañeros en Babilonia
1 En el año tercero del reinado de Joacim rey de Judá, vino Nabucodonosor rey de Babilonia a Jerusalén, y la sitió.(A) 2 Y el Señor entregó en sus manos a Joacim rey de Judá, y parte de los utensilios de la casa de Dios; y los trajo a tierra de Sinar, a la casa de su dios, y colocó los utensilios en la casa del tesoro de su dios. 3 Y dijo el rey a Aspenaz, jefe de sus eunucos, que trajese de los hijos de Israel, del linaje real de los príncipes, 4 muchachos en quienes no hubiese tacha alguna, de buen parecer, enseñados en toda sabiduría, sabios en ciencia y de buen entendimiento, e idóneos para estar en el palacio del rey; y que les enseñase las letras y la lengua de los caldeos.(B) 5 Y les señaló el rey ración para cada día, de la provisión de la comida del rey, y del vino que él bebía; y que los criase tres años, para que al fin de ellos se presentasen delante del rey. 6 Entre estos estaban Daniel, Ananías, Misael y Azarías, de los hijos de Judá. 7 A estos el jefe de los eunucos puso nombres: puso a Daniel, Beltsasar; a Ananías, Sadrac; a Misael, Mesac; y a Azarías, Abed-nego.
8 Y Daniel propuso en su corazón no contaminarse con la porción de la comida del rey, ni con el vino que él bebía; pidió, por tanto, al jefe de los eunucos que no se le obligase a contaminarse. 9 Y puso Dios a Daniel en gracia y en buena voluntad con el jefe de los eunucos; 10 y dijo el jefe de los eunucos a Daniel: Temo a mi señor el rey, que señaló vuestra comida y vuestra bebida; pues luego que él vea vuestros rostros más pálidos que los de los muchachos que son semejantes a vosotros, condenaréis para con el rey mi cabeza. 11 Entonces dijo Daniel a Melsar, que estaba puesto por el jefe de los eunucos sobre Daniel, Ananías, Misael y Azarías: 12 Te ruego que hagas la prueba con tus siervos por diez días, y nos den legumbres a comer, y agua a beber. 13 Compara luego nuestros rostros con los rostros de los muchachos que comen de la ración de la comida del rey, y haz después con tus siervos según veas. 14 Consintió, pues, con ellos en esto, y probó con ellos diez días. 15 Y al cabo de los diez días pareció el rostro de ellos mejor y más robusto que el de los otros muchachos que comían de la porción de la comida del rey. 16 Así, pues, Melsar se llevaba la porción de la comida de ellos y el vino que habían de beber, y les daba legumbres.
17 A estos cuatro muchachos Dios les dio conocimiento e inteligencia en todas las letras y ciencias; y Daniel tuvo entendimiento en toda visión y sueños. 18 Pasados, pues, los días al fin de los cuales había dicho el rey que los trajesen, el jefe de los eunucos los trajo delante de Nabucodonosor. 19 Y el rey habló con ellos, y no fueron hallados entre todos ellos otros como Daniel, Ananías, Misael y Azarías; así, pues, estuvieron delante del rey. 20 En todo asunto de sabiduría e inteligencia que el rey les consultó, los halló diez veces mejores que todos los magos y astrólogos que había en todo su reino. 21 Y continuó Daniel hasta el año primero del rey Ciro.
Daniel 1
King James Version
Daniel 1
King James Version
1 In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah came Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon unto Jerusalem, and besieged it.
2 And the Lord gave Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand, with part of the vessels of the house of God: which he carried into the land of Shinar to the house of his god; and he brought the vessels into the treasure house of his god.
3 And the king spake unto Ashpenaz the master of his eunuchs, that he should bring certain of the children of Israel, and of the king's seed, and of the princes;
4 Children in whom was no blemish, but well favoured, and skilful in all wisdom, and cunning in knowledge, and understanding science, and such as had ability in them to stand in the king's palace, and whom they might teach the learning and the tongue of the Chaldeans.
5 And the king appointed them a daily provision of the king's meat, and of the wine which he drank: so nourishing them three years, that at the end thereof they might stand before the king.
6 Now among these were of the children of Judah, Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah:
7 Unto whom the prince of the eunuchs gave names: for he gave unto Daniel the name of Belteshazzar; and to Hananiah, of Shadrach; and to Mishael, of Meshach; and to Azariah, of Abednego.
8 But Daniel purposed in his heart that he would not defile himself with the portion of the king's meat, nor with the wine which he drank: therefore he requested of the prince of the eunuchs that he might not defile himself.
9 Now God had brought Daniel into favour and tender love with the prince of the eunuchs.
10 And the prince of the eunuchs said unto Daniel, I fear my lord the king, who hath appointed your meat and your drink: for why should he see your faces worse liking than the children which are of your sort? then shall ye make me endanger my head to the king.
11 Then said Daniel to Melzar, whom the prince of the eunuchs had set over Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah,
12 Prove thy servants, I beseech thee, ten days; and let them give us pulse to eat, and water to drink.
13 Then let our countenances be looked upon before thee, and the countenance of the children that eat of the portion of the king's meat: and as thou seest, deal with thy servants.
14 So he consented to them in this matter, and proved them ten days.
15 And at the end of ten days their countenances appeared fairer and fatter in flesh than all the children which did eat the portion of the king's meat.
16 Thus Melzar took away the portion of their meat, and the wine that they should drink; and gave them pulse.
17 As for these four children, God gave them knowledge and skill in all learning and wisdom: and Daniel had understanding in all visions and dreams.
18 Now at the end of the days that the king had said he should bring them in, then the prince of the eunuchs brought them in before Nebuchadnezzar.
19 And the king communed with them; and among them all was found none like Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah: therefore stood they before the king.
20 And in all matters of wisdom and understanding, that the king enquired of them, he found them ten times better than all the magicians and astrologers that were in all his realm.
21 And Daniel continued even unto the first year of king Cyrus.
Daniel 1
New English Translation
Daniel 1
New English Translation
Daniel Finds Favor in Babylon
1 In the third[a] year of the reign of King Jehoiakim of Judah, King Nebuchadnezzar[b] of Babylon advanced against Jerusalem and laid it under siege.[c] 2 Now the Lord[d] delivered[e] King Jehoiakim of Judah into his power,[f] along with some of the vessels[g] of the temple of God.[h] He brought them to the land of Babylonia[i] to the temple of his god[j] and put[k] the vessels in the treasury of his god.
3 The king commanded[l] Ashpenaz,[m] who was in charge of his court officials,[n] to choose[o] some of the Israelites who were of royal and noble descent[p]— 4 young men in whom there was no physical defect and who were handsome,[q] well versed in all kinds of wisdom, well educated[r] and having keen insight,[s] and who were capable[t] of entering the king’s royal service[u]—and to teach them the literature and language[v] of the Babylonians.[w] 5 So the king assigned them a daily ration[x] from his royal delicacies[y] and from the wine he himself drank. They were to be trained[z] for the next three years. At the end of that time they were to enter the king’s service.[aa] 6 As it turned out,[ab] among these young men[ac] were some from Judah:[ad] Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah.[ae] 7 But the overseer of the court officials renamed them. He gave[af] Daniel the name Belteshazzar, Hananiah he named Shadrach, Mishael he named Meshach, and Azariah he named Abednego.[ag]
8 But Daniel made up his mind[ah] that he would not defile[ai] himself with the royal delicacies or the royal wine.[aj] He therefore asked the overseer of the court officials for permission not to defile himself. 9 Then God made the overseer of the court officials sympathetic to Daniel.[ak] 10 But he[al] responded to Daniel, “I fear my master the king. He is the one who has decided[am] your food and drink. What would happen if he saw that you looked malnourished in comparison to the other young men your age?[an] If that happened,[ao] you would endanger my life[ap] with the king!” 11 Daniel then spoke to the warden[aq] whom the overseer of the court officials had appointed over Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah: 12 “Please test your servants for ten days by providing us with some vegetables to eat and water to drink. 13 Then compare our appearance[ar] with that of[as] the young men who are eating the royal delicacies;[at] deal with us[au] in light of what you see.” 14 So the warden[av] agreed to their proposal[aw] and tested them for ten[ax] days.
15 At the end of the ten days their appearance was better and their bodies were healthier[ay] than all the young men who had been eating the royal delicacies. 16 So the warden removed the delicacies and the wine[az] from their diet[ba] and gave them a diet of vegetables instead. 17 Now as for these four young men, God endowed them with knowledge and skill in all sorts of literature and wisdom—and Daniel had insight into all kinds of visions and dreams.
18 When the time appointed by the king arrived,[bb] the overseer of the court officials brought them into Nebuchadnezzar’s presence. 19 When the king spoke with them, he did not find among the entire group[bc] anyone like Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, or Azariah. So they entered the king’s service.[bd] 20 In every matter of wisdom and[be] insight the king asked them about, he found them to be ten times[bf] better than any of the magicians and astrologers that were in his entire empire. 21 Now Daniel lived on until the first[bg] year of Cyrus the king.
Footnotes
- Daniel 1:1 sn The third year of the reign of Jehoiakim would be ca. 605 b.c. At this time Daniel would have been a teenager. The reference to Jehoiakim’s third year poses a serious crux interpretum, since elsewhere these events are linked to his fourth year (Jer 25:1; cf. 2 Kgs 24:1; 2 Chr 36:5-8). Apparently Daniel is following an accession year chronology, whereby the first partial year of a king’s reign was reckoned as the accession year rather than as the first year of his reign. Jeremiah, on the other hand, is following a nonaccession year chronology, whereby the accession year is reckoned as the first year of the king’s reign. In that case, the conflict is only superficial. Most modern scholars, however, have concluded that Daniel is historically inaccurate here.
- Daniel 1:1 sn King Nebuchadnezzar ruled Babylon from ca. 605-562 b.c.
- Daniel 1:1 sn This attack culminated in the first of three major deportations of Jews to Babylon. The second one occurred in 597 b.c. and included among many other Jewish captives the prophet Ezekiel. The third deportation occurred in 586 b.c., at which time the temple and the city of Jerusalem were thoroughly destroyed.
- Daniel 1:2 tn The Hebrew term translated “Lord” here is אֲדֹנָי (ʾadonay).
- Daniel 1:2 tn Heb “gave.”
- Daniel 1:2 tn Heb “hand,” which is often used idiomatically for one’s power and authority. See BDB 390 s.v. יָד 2.
- Daniel 1:2 tn Or “utensils”; or “articles.”
- Daniel 1:2 tn Heb “house of God.”
- Daniel 1:2 sn The land of Babylonia (Heb “the land of Shinar”) is another name for Sumer and Akkad, where Babylon was located (cf. Gen 10:10; 11:2; 14:1, 9; Josh 7:21; Isa 11:11; Zech 5:11).
- Daniel 1:2 tn Or “gods” (NCV, NRSV, TEV; also later in this verse). The Hebrew term can be used as a numerical plural for many gods or as a plural of majesty for one particular god. Since Nebuchadnezzar was a polytheist, it is not clear if the reference here is to many gods or one particular deity. The plural of majesty, while normally used for Israel’s God, is occasionally used of foreign gods (cf. BDB 43 s.v. אֱלֹהִים 1, 2). See Judg 11:24 (of the Moabite god Chemosh); 1 Sam 5:7 (of the Philistine god Dagon); 1 Kgs 11:33 (of the Canaanite goddess Astarte, the Moabite god Chemosh, and the Ammonite god Milcom); and 2 Kgs 19:37 (of the Assyrian god Nisroch). Since gods normally had their own individual temples, Dan 1:2 probably refers to a particular deity, perhaps Marduk, the supreme god of Babylon, or Marduk’s son Nabu, after whom Nebuchadnezzar was named. The name Nebuchadnezzar means “Nabu has protected the son who will inherit” (HALOT 660 s.v. נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר). For a discussion of how temples functioned in Babylonian religion, see H. Ringgren, Religions of the Ancient Near East, 77-81.
- Daniel 1:2 tn Heb “brought.” Though the Hebrew verb “brought” is repeated in this verse, the translation uses “brought…put” for stylistic variation.
- Daniel 1:3 tn Or “gave orders to.” Heb “said to.”
- Daniel 1:3 sn It is possible that the word Ashpenaz is not a proper name at all but a general term for “innkeeper.” See J. J. Collins, Daniel (Hermeneia), 127, n. 9. However, the ancient versions understand the term to be a name, and the present translation (along with most English versions) understands the word in this way.
- Daniel 1:3 sn The word court official (Hebrew saris) need not mean “eunuch” in a technical sense (see Gen 37:36, where the term refers to Potiphar, who had a wife), although in the case of the book of Daniel there was in Jewish literature a common tradition to that effect. On the OT usage of this word see HALOT 769-70 s.v. סָרֹיס.
- Daniel 1:3 tn Heb “bring.”
- Daniel 1:3 tn Heb “and from the seed of royalty and from the nobles.”
- Daniel 1:4 tn Heb “good of appearance.”
- Daniel 1:4 tn Heb “knowers of knowledge.”
- Daniel 1:4 tn Heb “understanders of knowledge.”
- Daniel 1:4 tn Heb “who had strength.”
- Daniel 1:4 tn Heb “to stand in the palace of the king” (cf. vv. 5, 19).
- Daniel 1:4 sn The language of the Chaldeans referred to here is Akkadian, an East Semitic cuneiform language.
- Daniel 1:4 tn Heb “Chaldeans” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NRSV). This is an ancient name for the Babylonians.
- Daniel 1:5 tn Heb “a thing of a day in its day.”
- Daniel 1:5 tn Heb “from the delicacies of the king.”
- Daniel 1:5 tn Or “educated.” See HALOT 179 s.v. I גדל.
- Daniel 1:5 tn Heb “stand before the king.”
- Daniel 1:6 tn Heb “and it happened that.”
- Daniel 1:6 tn Heb “among them.” The referent (the young men taken captive from Judah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Daniel 1:6 tn Heb “the sons of Judah.”
- Daniel 1:6 sn The names reflect a Jewish heritage. In Hebrew Daniel means “God is my judge”; Hananiah means “the Lord is gracious”; Mishael means “who is what God is?”; and Azariah means “the Lord has helped.”
- Daniel 1:7 tc The LXX and Vulgate lack the verb here.
- Daniel 1:7 sn The meanings of the Babylonian names are more conjectural than is the case with the Hebrew names. The probable etymologies are as follows: Belteshazzar means “protect his life,” although the MT vocalization may suggest “Belti, protect the king” (cf. Dan 4:8); Shadrach perhaps means “command of Aku”; Meshach is of uncertain meaning; and Abednego means “servant of Nego.” Assigning Babylonian names to the Hebrew youths may have been an attempt to erase from their memory their Israelite heritage.
- Daniel 1:8 tn Heb “placed on his heart.”
- Daniel 1:8 tn Or “would not make himself ceremonially unclean”; TEV “become ritually unclean.”sn Various reasons have been suggested as to why such food would defile Daniel. Perhaps it had to do with violations of Mosaic law with regard to unclean foods, or perhaps it was food that had been offered to idols. Daniel’s practice in this regard is strikingly different from that of Esther, who was able successfully to conceal her Jewish identity.
- Daniel 1:8 tn Heb “with the delicacies of the king and with the wine of his drinking.”
- Daniel 1:9 tn Heb “Then God granted Daniel loyal love and compassion before the overseer of the court officials.” The expression “loyal love and compassion” is a hendiadys; the two words combine to express one idea.
- Daniel 1:10 tn Heb “The overseer of the court officials.” The subject has been specified in the translation for the sake of clarity.
- Daniel 1:10 tn Heb “assigned” (see v. 5).
- Daniel 1:10 tn Heb “Why should he see your faces thin from the young men who are according to your age?” The term translated “thin” occurs only here and in Gen 40:6, where it appears to refer to a dejected facial expression. The word is related to an Arabic root meaning “be weak.” See HALOT 277 s.v. II זעף.
- Daniel 1:10 tn The words “if that happened” are not in the Hebrew text but have been added in the translation for clarity.
- Daniel 1:10 tn Heb “my head.” Presumably this is an implicit reference to capital punishment (cf. NCV, TEV, CEV, NLT), although this is not entirely clear.
- Daniel 1:11 sn Having failed to convince the overseer, Daniel sought the favor of the warden whom the overseer had appointed to care for the young men.
- Daniel 1:13 tn Heb “let our appearance be seen before you.”
- Daniel 1:13 tn Heb “the appearance of.”
- Daniel 1:13 tn Heb “delicacies of the king,” as also in v. 15.
- Daniel 1:13 tn Heb “your servants.”
- Daniel 1:14 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the warden mentioned in v. 11) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Daniel 1:14 tn Heb “listened to them with regard to this matter.”
- Daniel 1:14 sn The number ten is sometimes used in the OT as an ideal number of completeness (cf. v. 20; Zech 8:23; Rev 2:10).
- Daniel 1:15 tn Heb “fat of flesh”; KJV, ASV “fatter in flesh”; NASB, NRSV “fatter” (although this is no longer a sign of health in Western culture).
- Daniel 1:16 tn Heb “the wine of their drinking.”
- Daniel 1:16 tn The words “from their diet” are not in the Hebrew text but have been added in the translation for clarity.
- Daniel 1:18 tn Heb “at the end of the days that the king said to bring them.”
- Daniel 1:19 tn Heb “from all of them.”
- Daniel 1:19 tn Heb “stood before the king.”
- Daniel 1:20 tc The MT lacks the conjunction, reading the first word in the phrase as a construct (“wisdom of insight”). While this reading is not impossible, it seems better to follow Theodotion, the Syriac, the Vulgate, and the Sahidic Coptic, all of which have the conjunction.
- Daniel 1:20 tn Heb “hands.”
- Daniel 1:21 sn The Persian king Cyrus’ first year in control of Babylon was 539 b.c. Daniel actually lived beyond the first year of Cyrus, as is clear from 10:1. The purpose of the statement in 1:21 is merely to say that Daniel’s life spanned the entire period of the neo-Babylonian empire. His life span also included the early years of the Persian control of Babylon. However, by that time his age was quite advanced; he probably died sometime in the 530’s b.c.
Nueva Traducción Viviente (NTV)
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New English Translation (NET)
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