The Writing on the Wall

King Belshazzar(A) gave a great banquet(B) for a thousand of his nobles(C) and drank wine with them. While Belshazzar was drinking(D) his wine, he gave orders to bring in the gold and silver goblets(E) that Nebuchadnezzar his father[a] had taken from the temple in Jerusalem, so that the king and his nobles, his wives and his concubines(F) might drink from them.(G) So they brought in the gold goblets that had been taken from the temple of God in Jerusalem, and the king and his nobles, his wives and his concubines drank from them. As they drank the wine, they praised the gods(H) of gold and silver, of bronze, iron, wood and stone.(I)

Suddenly the fingers of a human hand appeared and wrote on the plaster of the wall, near the lampstand in the royal palace. The king watched the hand as it wrote. His face turned pale(J) and he was so frightened(K) that his legs became weak(L) and his knees were knocking.(M)

The king summoned the enchanters,(N) astrologers[b](O) and diviners.(P) Then he said to these wise(Q) men of Babylon, “Whoever reads this writing and tells me what it means will be clothed in purple and have a gold chain placed around his neck,(R) and he will be made the third(S) highest ruler in the kingdom.”(T)

Then all the king’s wise men(U) came in, but they could not read the writing or tell the king what it meant.(V) So King Belshazzar became even more terrified(W) and his face grew more pale. His nobles were baffled.

10 The queen,[c] hearing the voices of the king and his nobles, came into the banquet hall. “May the king live forever!”(X) she said. “Don’t be alarmed! Don’t look so pale! 11 There is a man in your kingdom who has the spirit of the holy gods(Y) in him. In the time of your father he was found to have insight and intelligence and wisdom(Z) like that of the gods.(AA) Your father, King Nebuchadnezzar, appointed him chief of the magicians, enchanters, astrologers and diviners.(AB) 12 He did this because Daniel, whom the king called Belteshazzar,(AC) was found to have a keen mind and knowledge and understanding, and also the ability to interpret dreams, explain riddles(AD) and solve difficult problems.(AE) Call for Daniel, and he will tell you what the writing means.(AF)

13 So Daniel was brought before the king, and the king said to him, “Are you Daniel, one of the exiles my father the king brought from Judah?(AG) 14 I have heard that the spirit of the gods(AH) is in you and that you have insight, intelligence and outstanding wisdom.(AI) 15 The wise men and enchanters were brought before me to read this writing and tell me what it means, but they could not explain it.(AJ) 16 Now I have heard that you are able to give interpretations and to solve difficult problems.(AK) If you can read this writing and tell me what it means, you will be clothed in purple and have a gold chain placed around your neck,(AL) and you will be made the third highest ruler in the kingdom.”(AM)

17 Then Daniel answered the king, “You may keep your gifts for yourself and give your rewards to someone else.(AN) Nevertheless, I will read the writing for the king and tell him what it means.

18 “Your Majesty, the Most High God gave your father Nebuchadnezzar(AO) sovereignty and greatness and glory and splendor.(AP) 19 Because of the high position he gave him, all the nations and peoples of every language dreaded and feared him. Those the king wanted to put to death, he put to death;(AQ) those he wanted to spare, he spared; those he wanted to promote, he promoted; and those he wanted to humble, he humbled.(AR) 20 But when his heart became arrogant and hardened with pride,(AS) he was deposed from his royal throne(AT) and stripped(AU) of his glory.(AV) 21 He was driven away from people and given the mind of an animal; he lived with the wild donkeys and ate grass like the ox; and his body was drenched with the dew of heaven, until he acknowledged that the Most High God is sovereign(AW) over all kingdoms on earth and sets over them anyone he wishes.(AX)

22 “But you, Belshazzar, his son,[d] have not humbled(AY) yourself, though you knew all this. 23 Instead, you have set yourself up against(AZ) the Lord of heaven. You had the goblets from his temple brought to you, and you and your nobles, your wives(BA) and your concubines drank wine from them. You praised the gods of silver and gold, of bronze, iron, wood and stone, which cannot see or hear or understand.(BB) But you did not honor the God who holds in his hand your life(BC) and all your ways.(BD) 24 Therefore he sent the hand that wrote the inscription.

25 “This is the inscription that was written:

mene, mene, tekel, parsin

26 “Here is what these words mean:

Mene[e]: God has numbered the days(BE) of your reign and brought it to an end.(BF)

27 Tekel[f]: You have been weighed on the scales(BG) and found wanting.(BH)

28 Peres[g]: Your kingdom is divided and given to the Medes(BI) and Persians.”(BJ)

29 Then at Belshazzar’s command, Daniel was clothed in purple, a gold chain was placed around his neck,(BK) and he was proclaimed the third highest ruler in the kingdom.(BL)

30 That very night Belshazzar,(BM) king(BN) of the Babylonians,[h] was slain,(BO) 31 and Darius(BP) the Mede(BQ) took over the kingdom, at the age of sixty-two.[i]

Footnotes

  1. Daniel 5:2 Or ancestor; or predecessor; also in verses 11, 13 and 18
  2. Daniel 5:7 Or Chaldeans; also in verse 11
  3. Daniel 5:10 Or queen mother
  4. Daniel 5:22 Or descendant; or successor
  5. Daniel 5:26 Mene can mean numbered or mina (a unit of money).
  6. Daniel 5:27 Tekel can mean weighed or shekel.
  7. Daniel 5:28 Peres (the singular of Parsin) can mean divided or Persia or a half mina or a half shekel.
  8. Daniel 5:30 Or Chaldeans
  9. Daniel 5:31 In Aramaic texts this verse (5:31) is numbered 6:1.

Belshazzar’s Feast

Belshazzar the king [who was a descendant of Nebuchadnezzar] gave a great feast for a thousand of his nobles, and he was drinking his wine in the presence of the thousand [guests]. Belshazzar, as he tasted the wine, gave a command to bring in the gold and silver vessels which his [a]father Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the [b]temple which was in Jerusalem, so that the king and his nobles, his wives and his [c]concubines might drink from them. Then they brought in the gold and silver vessels that had been taken out of the temple, the house of God which was in Jerusalem; and the king and his nobles, his wives and his concubines drank from them. They drank the wine and praised the gods of gold and silver, of bronze, iron, wood and stone.

Suddenly the fingers of a man’s hand appeared and began writing opposite the lampstand on [a well-lit area of] the plaster of the wall of the king’s palace, and the king saw the part of the hand that did the writing. Then the king’s face grew pale, and his thoughts alarmed him; the joints and muscles of his hips and back weakened and his knees began knocking together. The king called aloud to bring in the enchanters (Magi), the Chaldeans [who were master astrologers] and the diviners. The king said to the wise men of Babylon, “Whoever can read this writing and explain its interpretation to me shall be clothed with purple and have a chain of gold put around his neck, and have authority as the [d]third ruler in the kingdom.” Then all the king’s wise men came in, but they could not [e]read the writing or reveal to the king its interpretation. Then King Belshazzar was greatly perplexed, his face became even paler, and his nobles were bewildered and alarmed.

10 Now the queen [mother], overhearing the [excited] words of the king and his nobles, came into the banquet area. The queen [mother] spoke and said, “O king, live forever! Do not be alarmed at your thoughts or let your face be changed. 11 There is a man in your kingdom in whom is [f]a spirit of the holy gods; and in the days of your father, illumination, understanding and wisdom like the wisdom of the gods were found in him. And [g]King Nebuchadnezzar, your father—your father the king, appointed him chief of the magicians, enchanters, Chaldeans and diviners. 12 It was because an extraordinary spirit, knowledge and insight, the ability to interpret dreams, clarify riddles, and solve complex problems were found in this Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar. Now let Daniel be called and he will give the interpretation.”

Daniel Interprets Handwriting on the Wall

13 Then Daniel was brought in before the king. And the king said to Daniel, “Are you that Daniel who is one of the sons of the exiles of Judah, whom my father the king brought from Judah? 14 I have heard of you, that a spirit of the gods is in you, and that illumination, insight, and extraordinary wisdom have been found in you. 15 Now the wise men and the enchanters, were brought in before me so that they might read this writing and reveal its meaning to me, but they could not give the interpretation of the message. 16 But I personally have heard about you, that you are able to make interpretations and solve complex problems. Now if you are able to read the writing and reveal its interpretation to me, you shall be clothed with purple and have a chain of gold put around your neck, and you shall have authority as the third ruler in the kingdom.”

17 Then Daniel answered and said before the king, “Keep your gifts for yourself and give your rewards to someone else; however, I will read the writing to the king and reveal the interpretation to him. 18 O king, the Most High God gave Nebuchadnezzar your father a kingdom and greatness and glory and majesty; 19 and because of the greatness that He gave him, all the peoples, nations, and speakers of every language trembled and feared him. Whomever he wished he killed, and whomever he wished he kept alive; whomever he wished he promoted and whomever he wished he humbled. 20 But when his heart was lifted up and his spirit became so proud that he behaved arrogantly, he was deposed from his royal throne and his glory was taken away from him. 21 He was also driven from mankind, and his mind was made like that of an animal, and his dwelling place was with the wild donkeys. He was given grass to eat like cattle, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven until he came to know [without any doubt] that the Most High God rules over the kingdom of mankind and He appoints it to whomever He wills. 22 And you, his [h]son, O Belshazzar, have not humbled your heart (mind), even though you knew all this. 23 And you have exalted yourself against the Lord of heaven, and the vessels of His house have been brought before you, and you and your nobles, your wives and your concubines have been drinking wine from them; and you have praised the gods of silver and gold, of bronze, iron, wood and stone, which do not see or hear or understand. But the God who holds in His hand your breath of life and your ways you have not honored and glorified [but have dishonored and defied]. 24 Then the hand was sent from the presence [of the Most High God], and this inscription was written:

25 “This is the [i]inscription that was written, ‘mene, mene, tekel, upharsin [numbered, numbered, weighed, and divided].’ 26 This is the interpretation of the message: ‘mene’—God has numbered the days of your kingdom and put an end to it; 27 tekel’—you have been weighed on the scales [of righteousness] and found deficient; 28 [j]peres’—[k]your kingdom has been divided and given over to the Medes and [l]Persians.”

29 Then Belshazzar gave the command, and Daniel was clothed with purple and a chain of gold was put around his neck, and a proclamation concerning him was issued [declaring] that he now had authority as the third ruler in the kingdom.

30 During that same [m]night Belshazzar the [last] Chaldean king was slain [by troops of the [n]invading army]. 31 So [o]Darius the Mede received the kingdom; he was about the age of sixty-two.

Footnotes

  1. Daniel 5:2 This Aramaic word (see note 2:4) may also mean “ancestor” (see vv 11, 13, 18).
  2. Daniel 5:2 Gold utensils had been used in the temple building itself, and silver utensils had originally been stored in the “treasuries of the house of God” (2 Chr 5:1).
  3. Daniel 5:2 See note Gen 22:24.
  4. Daniel 5:7 Nabonidus was first, Belshazzar, his son, was second.
  5. Daniel 5:8 In light of what Daniel says in v 25, it is hard to escape the conclusion that for some reason the letters were unreadable to the wise men. The ancient rabbis speculated that the words were written in some kind of code that had to be deciphered. Among the suggestions were reversing the order of the letters (e.g. ENM for MENE etc.) and an elaborate puzzle in which the letters of each word were separated and spread out to form three senseless words: “MMTUS NNKFE EELRN” (“M...N...E” etc.).
  6. Daniel 5:11 Or possibly the Spirit of the Holy God, and so throughout the chapter.
  7. Daniel 5:11 Twenty-three years have passed since Nebuchadnezzar’s death in 562 b.c.
  8. Daniel 5:22 The Aramaic (see note 2:4) word may also mean “grandson” or “descendant.”
  9. Daniel 5:25 These words are ordinary Aramaic from that time, so some commentators have speculated that the wise men recognized them but just could not put them into orderly sentences. Yet here Daniel seems to clearly “read” the words simply by pronouncing them in Aramaic (cf note v 8). His interpretation (vv 26-28) goes far beyond what the simple words mean by themselves.
  10. Daniel 5:28 The singular of upharsin (see v 25).
  11. Daniel 5:28 Foretold in Is 21:2, 5, 9.
  12. Daniel 5:28 Aram Paras.
  13. Daniel 5:30 The 16th of Tishri (October 12, 539 b.c).
  14. Daniel 5:30 The Persian army had been outside the walls of Babylon for some time, but waited until this time of national feasting before invading.
  15. Daniel 5:31 Some scholars believe “Darius” may be a title rather than a proper name and in this context refers either to Cyrus the Great, king of Persia, who conquered Babylon or (more likely) to Gubaru, Cyrus’ commander who led the nighttime attack on the city and was appointed governor of the Babylonian territories.

O banquete do rei Belsazar. A mão misteriosa

O rei Belsazar deu um grande banquete a mil dos seus grandes e bebeu vinho na presença dos mil. Havendo Belsazar provado o vinho, mandou trazer os utensílios de ouro e de prata que Nabucodonosor, seu pai, tinha tirado do templo que estava em Jerusalém, para que bebessem neles o rei, os seus grandes e as suas mulheres e concubinas. Então, trouxeram os utensílios de ouro, que foram tirados do templo da Casa de Deus, que estava em Jerusalém, e beberam neles o rei, os seus grandes, as suas mulheres e concubinas. Beberam o vinho e deram louvores aos deuses de ouro, de prata, de cobre, de ferro, de madeira e de pedra.

Na mesma hora, apareceram uns dedos de mão de homem e escreviam, defronte do castiçal, na estucada parede do palácio real; e o rei via a parte da mão que estava escrevendo. Então, se mudou o semblante do rei, e os seus pensamentos o turbaram; as juntas dos seus lombos se relaxaram, e os seus joelhos bateram um no outro. E ordenou o rei, com força, que se introduzissem os astrólogos, os caldeus e os adivinhadores; e falou o rei e disse aos sábios de Babilônia: Qualquer que ler esta escritura e me declarar a sua interpretação será vestido de púrpura, e trará uma cadeia de ouro ao pescoço, e será, no reino, o terceiro dominador. Então, entraram todos os sábios do rei; mas não puderam ler a escritura, nem fazer saber ao rei a sua interpretação. Então, o rei Belsazar perturbou-se muito, e mudou-se nele o seu semblante; e os seus grandes estavam sobressaltados.

10 A rainha, por causa das palavras do rei e dos seus grandes, entrou na casa do banquete; e falou a rainha e disse: Ó rei, vive eternamente! Não te turbem os teus pensamentos, nem se mude o teu semblante. 11 Há no teu reino um homem que tem o espírito dos deuses santos; e nos dias de teu pai se achou nele luz, e inteligência, e sabedoria, como a sabedoria dos deuses; e teu pai, o rei Nabucodonosor, sim, teu pai, ó rei, o constituiu chefe dos magos, dos astrólogos, dos caldeus e dos adivinhadores. 12 Porquanto se achou neste Daniel um espírito excelente, e ciência, e entendimento, interpretando sonhos, e explicando enigmas, e solvendo dúvidas, ao qual o rei pôs o nome de Beltessazar; chame-se, pois, agora Daniel, e ele dará interpretação.

13 Então, Daniel foi introduzido à presença do rei. Falou o rei e disse a Daniel: És tu aquele Daniel, dos cativos de Judá, que o rei, meu pai, trouxe de Judá? 14 Tenho ouvido dizer a teu respeito que o espírito dos deuses está em ti e que a luz, e o entendimento, e a excelente sabedoria se acham em ti. 15 Acabam de ser introduzidos à minha presença os sábios e os astrólogos, para lerem esta escritura, e me fazerem saber a sua interpretação; mas não puderam dar a interpretação destas palavras. 16 Eu, porém, tenho ouvido dizer de ti que podes dar interpretações e solver dúvidas; agora, se puderes ler esta escritura e fazer-me saber a sua interpretação, serás vestido de púrpura, e terás cadeia de ouro ao pescoço, e no reino serás o terceiro dominador.

17 Então, respondeu Daniel e disse na presença do rei: As tuas dádivas fiquem contigo, e dá os teus presentes a outro; todavia, lerei ao rei a escritura e lhe farei saber a interpretação. 18 Ó rei! Deus, o Altíssimo, deu a Nabucodonosor, teu pai, o reino, e a grandeza, e a glória, e a magnificência. 19 E, por causa da grandeza que lhe deu, todos os povos, nações e línguas tremiam e temiam diante dele; a quem queria matava e a quem queria dava a vida; e a quem queria engrandecia e a quem queria abatia. 20 Mas, quando o seu coração se exalçou e o seu espírito se endureceu em soberba, foi derribado do seu trono real, e passou dele a sua glória. 21 E foi tirado dentre os filhos dos homens, e o seu coração foi feito semelhante ao dos animais, e a sua morada foi com os jumentos monteses; fizeram-no comer erva como os bois, e pelo orvalho do céu foi molhado o seu corpo, até que conheceu que Deus, o Altíssimo, tem domínio sobre os reinos dos homens e a quem quer constitui sobre eles. 22 E tu, seu filho Belsazar, não humilhaste o teu coração, ainda que soubeste de tudo isso. 23 E te levantaste contra o Senhor do céu, pois foram trazidos os utensílios da casa dele perante ti, e tu, os teus grandes, as tuas mulheres e as tuas concubinas bebestes vinho neles; além disso, deste louvores aos deuses de prata, de ouro, de cobre, de ferro, de madeira e de pedra, que não veem, não ouvem, nem sabem; mas a Deus, em cuja mão está a tua vida e todos os teus caminhos, a ele não glorificaste.

24 Então, dele foi enviada aquela parte da mão, e escreveu-se esta escritura. 25 Esta, pois, é a escritura que se escreveu: Mene, Mene, Tequel e Parsim. 26 Esta é a interpretação daquilo: Mene: Contou Deus o teu reino e o acabou. 27 Tequel: Pesado foste na balança e foste achado em falta. 28 Peres: Dividido foi o teu reino e deu-se aos medos e aos persas.

29 Então, mandou Belsazar que vestissem Daniel de púrpura, e que lhe pusessem uma cadeia de ouro ao pescoço, e proclamassem a respeito dele que havia de ser o terceiro dominador do reino. 30 Naquela mesma noite, foi morto Belsazar, rei dos caldeus. 31 E Dario, o medo, ocupou o reino, na idade de sessenta e dois anos.

O Banquete de Belsazar: A Escrita na Parede

Certa vez o rei Belsazar deu um grande banquete para mil dos seus nobres, e com eles bebeu muito vinho. Enquanto Belsazar bebia vinho, deu ordens para trazerem as taças de ouro e de prata que o seu predecessor, Nabucodonosor, tinha tomado do templo de Jerusalém, para que o rei e os seus nobres, as suas mulheres e as suas concubinas bebessem nessas taças. Então trouxeram as taças de ouro que tinham sido tomadas do templo de Deus em Jerusalém, e o rei e os seus nobres, as suas mulheres e as suas concubinas beberam nas taças. Enquanto bebiam o vinho, louvavam os deuses de ouro, de prata, de bronze, de ferro, de madeira e de pedra.

Mas, de repente apareceram dedos de mão humana que começaram a escrever no reboco da parede, na parte mais iluminada do palácio real. O rei observou a mão enquanto ela escrevia. Seu rosto ficou pálido, e ele ficou tão assustado que os seus joelhos batiam um no outro e as suas pernas vacilaram.

Aos gritos, o rei mandou chamar os encantadores, os astrólogos e os adivinhos e disse a esses sábios da Babilônia: “Aquele que ler essa inscrição e interpretá-la, revelando-me o seu significado, vestirá um manto vermelho, terá uma corrente de ouro no pescoço, e será o terceiro em importância no governo do reino”.

Todos os sábios do rei vieram, mas não conseguiram ler a inscrição nem dizer ao rei o seu significado. Diante disso o rei Belsazar ficou ainda mais aterrorizado e o seu rosto, mais pálido. Seus nobres estavam alarmados.

10 Tendo a rainha[a] ouvido os gritos do rei e dos seus nobres, entrou na sala do banquete e disse: “Ó rei, vive para sempre! Não fiques assustado nem tão pálido! 11 Existe um homem em teu reino que possui o espírito dos santos deuses. Na época do teu predecessor verificou-se que ele era um iluminado e tinha inteligência e sabedoria como a dos deuses. O rei Nabucodonosor, teu predecessor — sim, o teu predecessor — o nomeou chefe dos magos, dos encantadores, dos astrólogos e dos adivinhos. 12 Verificou-se que esse homem, Daniel, a quem o rei dera o nome de Beltessazar, tinha inteligência extraordinária e também a capacidade de interpretar sonhos e resolver enigmas e mistérios. Manda chamar Daniel, e ele te dará o significado da escrita”.

13 Assim Daniel foi levado à presença do rei, que lhe disse: “Você é Daniel, um dos exilados que meu pai, o rei, trouxe de Judá? 14 Soube que o espírito dos deuses está em você e que você é um iluminado e que tem inteligência e uma sabedoria fora do comum. 15 Trouxeram os sábios e os encantadores à minha presença para lerem essa inscrição e me dizerem o seu significado, porém eles não o conseguiram. 16 Mas eu soube que você é capaz de dar interpretações e de resolver mistérios. Se você puder ler essa inscrição e dizer-me o que significa, você será vestido com um manto vermelho e terá uma corrente de ouro no pescoço, e será o terceiro em importância no governo do reino”.

17 Então Daniel respondeu ao rei: “Podes guardar os teus presentes para ti mesmo e dar as tuas recompensas a algum outro. No entanto, lerei a inscrição para o rei e lhe direi o seu significado.

18 “Ó rei, foi a Nabucodonosor, teu predecessor, que o Deus Altíssimo deu soberania, grandeza, glória e majestade. 19 Devido à alta posição que Deus lhe concedeu, homens de todas as nações, povos e línguas tremiam diante dele e o temiam. A quem o rei queria matar, matava; a quem queria poupar, poupava; a quem queria promover, promovia; e a quem queria humilhar, humilhava. 20 No entanto, quando o seu coração se tornou arrogante e endurecido por causa do orgulho, ele foi deposto de seu trono real e despojado da sua glória. 21 Foi expulso do meio dos homens e sua mente ficou como a de um animal; passou a viver com os jumentos selvagens e a comer capim como os bois; e o seu corpo se molhava com o orvalho do céu, até reconhecer que o Deus Altíssimo domina sobre os reinos dos homens e coloca no poder a quem ele quer.

22 “Mas tu, Belsazar, seu sucessor, não te humilhaste, embora soubesses de tudo isso. 23 Ao contrário, te exaltaste acima do[b] Senhor dos céus. Mandaste trazer as taças do templo do Senhor para que nelas bebessem tu, os teus nobres, as tuas mulheres e as tuas concubinas. Louvaste os deuses de prata, de ouro, de bronze, de ferro, de madeira e de pedra, que não podem ver nem ouvir nem entender. Mas não glorificaste o Deus que sustenta em suas mãos a tua vida e todos os teus caminhos. 24 Por isso ele enviou a mão que escreveu as palavras da inscrição.

25 “Esta é a inscrição que foi feita:

MENE, MENE, TEQUEL, PARSIM[c].

26 “E este é o significado dessas palavras:

Mene[d]: Deus contou os dias

do teu reinado

e determinou o seu fim.

27 Tequel[e]: Foste pesado na balança

e achado em falta.

28 Peres[f]: Teu reino foi dividido

e entregue aos medos e persas”.

29 Então, por ordem de Belsazar, vestiram Daniel com um manto vermelho, puseram-lhe uma corrente de ouro no pescoço, e o proclamaram o terceiro em importância no governo do reino.

30 Naquela mesma noite Belsazar, rei dos babilônios[g], foi morto, 31 e Dario, o medo, apoderou-se do reino, com a idade de sessenta e dois anos.

Footnotes

  1. 5.10 Ou rainha-mãe
  2. 5.23 Ou te levantaste contra o
  3. 5.25 Aramaico: UPARSIM; isto é, E PARSIM.
  4. 5.26 Mene pode significar contado ou mina (uma unidade monetária).
  5. 5.27 Tequel pode significar pesado ou siclo.
  6. 5.28 Peres (o singular de Parsim) pode significar dividido ou Pérsia ou meia mina ou meio siclo.
  7. 5.30 Aramaico: caldeus.