Atos 11
Nova Versão Transformadora
A explicação de Pedro
11 Logo chegou aos apóstolos e a outros irmãos da Judeia a notícia de que os gentios haviam recebido a palavra de Deus. 2 Mas, quando Pedro voltou a Jerusalém, os discípulos judeus[a] o criticaram, 3 dizendo: “Você entrou na casa de gentios[b] e até comeu com eles!”.
4 Então Pedro lhes contou exatamente o que havia acontecido. 5 Disse: “Eu estava na cidade de Jope e, enquanto orava, num êxtase, tive uma visão. Algo semelhante a um lençol grande foi baixado do céu, preso pelas quatro pontas, vindo até onde eu estava. 6 Quando olhei dentro do lençol, vi toda espécie de animais domésticos e selvagens, répteis e aves. 7 E ouvi uma voz dizer: ‘Levante-se, Pedro; mate e coma’.
8 “Eu respondi: ‘De modo nenhum, Senhor! Jamais comi coisa alguma que fosse considerada impura[c] ou imprópria’.
9 “Mas a voz do céu falou novamente: ‘Não chame de impuro o que Deus purificou’. 10 Isso aconteceu três vezes, antes que o lençol, com tudo que ele continha, fosse recolhido ao céu.
11 “Nesse momento, três homens que haviam sido enviados de Cesareia chegaram à casa onde eu estava hospedado. 12 O Espírito me disse que eu fosse com eles, sem nada questionar. Esses seis irmãos me acompanharam, e logo entramos na casa do homem que havia mandado nos buscar. 13 Ele nos contou como um anjo havia aparecido em sua casa e dito: ‘Envie mensageiros a Jope e mande buscar Simão, também chamado Pedro. 14 Ele lhe dirá como você e toda a sua casa podem ser salvos’.
15 “Quando comecei a falar, o Espírito Santo desceu sobre eles, como ocorreu conosco, no princípio. 16 Então me lembrei das palavras do Senhor, quando ele disse: ‘João batizou com[d] água, mas vocês serão batizados com o Espírito Santo’. 17 E, uma vez que Deus deu a esses gentios a mesma dádiva que concedeu a nós quando cremos no Senhor Jesus Cristo, quem era eu para me opor a Deus?”.
18 Ao ouvirem isso, pararam de levantar objeções e começaram a louvar a Deus, dizendo: “Vemos que Deus deu aos gentios o mesmo privilégio de se arrepender e receber a vida eterna!”.
A igreja em Antioquia da Síria
19 Enquanto isso, os discípulos que haviam sido dispersos na perseguição depois da morte de Estêvão chegaram até a Fenícia, Chipre e Antioquia da Síria. Pregaram a palavra, mas somente aos judeus. 20 Contudo, alguns dos discípulos que foram de Chipre e Cirene até Antioquia começaram a anunciar aos gentios[e] as boas-novas a respeito do Senhor Jesus. 21 A mão do Senhor estava com eles, e muitos desses gentios creram e se converteram ao Senhor.
22 Quando a igreja de Jerusalém soube do que havia acontecido, enviou Barnabé a Antioquia. 23 Ao chegar ali e ver essa demonstração da graça de Deus, alegrou-se muito e incentivou os irmãos a permanecerem fiéis ao Senhor. 24 Barnabé era um homem bom, cheio do Espírito Santo e de fé. E uma grande multidão se converteu ao Senhor.
25 Então Barnabé foi a Tarso procurar Saulo. 26 Quando o encontrou, levou-o para Antioquia. Ali permaneceram com a igreja um ano inteiro, ensinando a muitas pessoas. Foi em Antioquia que os discípulos foram chamados de cristãos pela primeira vez.
27 Durante esse tempo, alguns profetas viajaram de Jerusalém a Antioquia. 28 Um deles, chamado Ágabo, pôs-se em pé numa das reuniões e predisse, pelo Espírito, que uma grande fome viria sobre todo o mundo romano. (Isso se cumpriu durante o reinado de Cláudio.) 29 Então os discípulos de Antioquia decidiram enviar uma ajuda aos irmãos na Judeia, cada um de acordo com suas possibilidades. 30 Foi o que fizeram, enviando as doações aos presbíteros[f] por meio de Barnabé e Saulo.
Atos 11
Almeida Revista e Corrigida 2009
Pedro justifica-se perante a igreja de haver batizado Cornélio
11 E ouviram os apóstolos e os irmãos que estavam na Judeia que também os gentios tinham recebido a palavra de Deus. 2 E, subindo Pedro a Jerusalém, disputavam com ele os que eram da circuncisão, 3 dizendo: Entraste em casa de varões incircuncisos e comeste com eles. 4 Mas Pedro começou a fazer-lhes uma exposição por ordem, dizendo: 5 Estando eu orando na cidade de Jope, tive, num arrebatamento dos sentidos, uma visão; via um vaso, como um grande lençol que descia do céu e vinha até junto de mim. 6 E, pondo nele os olhos, considerei e vi animais da terra, quadrúpedes, e feras, e répteis, e aves do céu. 7 E ouvi uma voz que me dizia: Levanta-te, Pedro! Mata e come. 8 Mas eu disse: De maneira nenhuma, Senhor; pois nunca em minha boca entrou coisa alguma comum ou imunda. 9 Mas a voz respondeu-me do céu segunda vez: Não chames tu comum ao que Deus purificou. 10 E sucedeu isto por três vezes; e tudo tornou a recolher-se no céu. 11 E eis que, na mesma hora, pararam junto da casa em que eu estava três varões que me foram enviados de Cesareia. 12 E disse-me o Espírito que fosse com eles, nada duvidando; e também estes seis irmãos foram comigo, e entramos em casa daquele varão. 13 E contou-nos como vira em pé um anjo em sua casa, e lhe dissera: Envia varões a Jope e manda chamar a Simão, que tem por sobrenome Pedro, 14 o qual te dirá palavras com que te salves, tu e toda a tua casa. 15 E, quando comecei a falar, caiu sobre eles o Espírito Santo, como também sobre nós ao princípio. 16 E lembrei-me do dito do Senhor, quando disse: João certamente batizou com água, mas vós sereis batizados com o Espírito Santo. 17 Portanto, se Deus lhes deu o mesmo dom que a nós, quando cremos no Senhor Jesus Cristo, quem era, então, eu, para que pudesse resistir a Deus? 18 E, ouvindo estas coisas, apaziguaram-se e glorificaram a Deus, dizendo: Na verdade, até aos gentios deu Deus o arrependimento para a vida.
O evangelho é pregado aos gentios em Antioquia
19 E os que foram dispersos pela perseguição que sucedeu por causa de Estêvão caminharam até à Fenícia, Chipre e Antioquia, não anunciando a ninguém a palavra senão somente aos judeus. 20 E havia entre eles alguns varões de Chipre e de Cirene, os quais, entrando em Antioquia, falaram aos gregos, anunciando o Senhor Jesus. 21 E a mão do Senhor era com eles; e grande número creu e se converteu ao Senhor. 22 E chegou a fama destas coisas aos ouvidos da igreja que estava em Jerusalém; e enviaram Barnabé até Antioquia, 23 o qual, quando chegou e viu a graça de Deus, se alegrou e exortou a todos a que, com firmeza de coração, permanecessem no Senhor. 24 Porque era homem de bem e cheio do Espírito Santo e de fé. E muita gente se uniu ao Senhor. 25 E partiu Barnabé para Tarso, a buscar Saulo; e, achando-o, o conduziu para Antioquia. 26 E sucedeu que todo um ano se reuniram naquela igreja e ensinaram muita gente. Em Antioquia, foram os discípulos, pela primeira vez, chamados cristãos.
27 Naqueles dias, desceram profetas de Jerusalém para Antioquia. 28 E, levantando-se um deles, por nome Ágabo, dava a entender, pelo Espírito, que haveria uma grande fome em todo o mundo, e isso aconteceu no tempo de Cláudio César. 29 E os discípulos determinaram mandar, cada um conforme o que pudesse, socorro aos irmãos que habitavam na Judeia. 30 O que eles com efeito fizeram, enviando-o aos anciãos por mão de Barnabé e de Saulo.
Atos 11
Nova Traduҫão na Linguagem de Hoje 2000
O relatório de Pedro
11 Os apóstolos e os outros seguidores de Jesus em toda a região da Judeia souberam que os não judeus também haviam recebido a palavra de Deus. 2 Quando Pedro voltou para Jerusalém, aqueles que queriam que os não judeus fossem circuncidados o criticaram, 3 dizendo:
— Você ficou hospedado na casa de homens que não são circuncidados e até tomou refeições com eles!
4 Então Pedro deu um relatório completo de tudo o que havia acontecido, desde o começo. Ele disse:
5 — Eu estava na cidade de Jope e lá, enquanto estava orando, tive uma visão. Vi uma coisa parecida com um grande lençol, que baixou do céu, amarrado pelas quatro pontas, e parou perto de mim. 6 Eu olhei para dentro daquilo com atenção e vi animais domésticos, animais selvagens, animais que se arrastam pelo chão e aves. 7 Depois ouvi uma voz, que me dizia: “Pedro, levante-se! Mate e coma!” 8 Eu respondi: “Isso não, Senhor! Eu nunca comi nenhuma coisa que a lei considera suja ou impura!” 9 Então a voz falou de novo do céu: “Não chame de impuro aquilo que Deus purificou.” 10 Isso aconteceu três vezes, e depois tudo aquilo voltou para o céu. 11 Justamente naquela hora três homens que tinham sido mandados de Cesareia para me buscar chegaram à casa onde eu estava hospedado. 12 E o Espírito de Deus me disse que fosse com eles, sem duvidar. Estes seis irmãos da cidade de Jope também foram comigo, e todos nós entramos na casa de Cornélio. 13 Então ele nos contou como viu na casa dele um anjo, em pé, que lhe disse: “Mande alguém a Jope para buscar Simão, que também é chamado de Pedro. 14 Ele vai dizer como você e toda a sua família podem ser salvos.”
15 E Pedro continuou:
— Quando comecei a falar, o Espírito Santo veio sobre eles, como tinha vindo sobre nós no princípio. 16 Aí eu lembrei que o Senhor Jesus tinha dito: “É verdade que João batizou com água, mas vocês serão batizados com o Espírito Santo.” 17 De fato, os não judeus receberam de Deus o mesmo dom que nós recebemos quando cremos no Senhor Jesus Cristo. E quem era eu para ir contra Deus?
18 Quando ouviram isso, eles ficaram sem ter o que dizer e louvaram a Deus, dizendo:
— Então Deus deu também aos não judeus a oportunidade de se arrependerem e ganharem a vida eterna!
A igreja de Antioquia
19 Os seguidores de Jesus foram espalhados pela perseguição que havia começado com a morte de Estêvão. Alguns foram até a região da Fenícia, a ilha de Chipre e a cidade de Antioquia e anunciavam a palavra de Deus somente aos judeus. 20 Mas outros, que eram de Chipre e da cidade de Cirene, foram até Antioquia e falaram também aos não judeus, anunciando a eles a boa notícia a respeito do Senhor Jesus. 21 O poder do Senhor estava com eles, e muitas pessoas creram e se converteram ao Senhor.
22 Essas notícias chegaram à igreja de Jerusalém, que resolveu mandar Barnabé para Antioquia. 23 Quando chegou lá e viu como Deus tinha abençoado aquela gente, Barnabé ficou muito alegre. E animou todos a continuarem fiéis ao Senhor, de todo o coração. 24 Barnabé era um homem bom, cheio do Espírito Santo e de fé. E muitos se converteram ao Senhor.
25 Depois Barnabé foi até a cidade de Tarso a fim de buscar Saulo. 26 Quando o encontrou, ele o levou para Antioquia. Eles se reuniram durante um ano com a gente daquela igreja e ensinaram muitas pessoas. Foi em Antioquia que, pela primeira vez, os seguidores de Jesus foram chamados de cristãos.
27 Naquele tempo alguns profetas foram de Jerusalém para Antioquia. 28 Um deles, chamado Ágabo, levantou-se e, pelo poder do Espírito Santo, anunciou:
— Haverá uma grande falta de alimentos no mundo inteiro.
Isso aconteceu quando Cláudio era o Imperador romano.
29 Então os cristãos resolveram mandar ajuda aos irmãos que moravam na região da Judeia, e cada um deu de acordo com o que tinha. 30 E mandaram o dinheiro por meio de Barnabé e Saulo, para que eles o entregassem aos presbíteros da igreja.
Дії 11
Ukrainian Bible
11 Почули ж апостоли й браття, що в Юдеї були, що й погани прийняли Слово Боже.
2 І, як Петро повернувся до Єрусалиму, з ним стали змагатися ті, хто з обрізання,
3 кажучи: Чого ти ходив до людей необрізаних та споживав із ними?
4 Петро ж розпочав і їм розповів за порядком, говорячи:
5 Був я в місті йоппійськім і молився, і бачив в захопленні видіння: якась посудина сходила, немов простирало велике, яка, за чотири кінці прив'язана, спускалася з неба й підійшла аж до мене.
6 Зазирнувши до неї, я поглянув, і побачив там чотириногих землі, і звірів, і гаддя, і небесних пташок.
7 І голос почув я, що мені промовляв: Устань, Петре, заколи та й їж!
8 А я відказав: Жадним способом, Господи, бо ніколи нічого огидного чи то нечистого в уста мої не ввіходило!
9 І відповів мені голос із неба вдруге: Що від Бога очищене, не вважай за огидне того!
10 І це сталося тричі, і все знов було взяте на небо.
11 І ось три чоловіки, посланці з Кесарії до мене, перед домом, де був я, спинилися зараз.
12 І сказав мені Дух іти з ними без жадного сумніву. Зо мною ж пішли й оці шестеро браття, і ввійшли ми до дому того чоловіка.
13 І він нам розповів, як у домі своїм бачив Ангола, який став і сказав: Пошли до Йоппії, та приклич того Симона, що зветься Петром,
14 він слова тобі скаже, якими спасешся і ти, і ввесь дім твій.
15 А як я промовляв, злинув на них Святий Дух, як спочатку й на нас.
16 І я згадав слово Господнє, як Він говорив: Іван ось водою христив, ви ж охрищені будете Духом Святим.
17 Отож, коли Бог дав однаковий дар їм, як і нам, що ввірували в Господа Ісуса Христа, то хто ж я такий, щоб міг заперечити Богові?
18 І, почувши таке, замовкли вони, і Бога хвалили, говорячи: Отож, і поганам Бог дав покаяння в життя!
19 А ті, хто розпорошився від переслідування, що знялося було через Степана, перейшли навіть до Фінікії, і Кіпру, і Антіохії, не звістуючи слова нікому, крім юдеїв.
20 А між ними були мужі деякі з Кіпру та з Кірінеї, що до Антіохії прийшли, і промовляли й до греків, благовістячи про Господа Ісуса.
21 І Господня рука була з ними; і велике число їх увірувало, і навернулось до Господа!
22 І вістка про них досягла до вух єрусалимської Церкви, і до Антіохії послали Варнаву.
23 А він, як прийшов і благодать Божу побачив, звеселився, і всіх став просити, щоб серцем рішучим трималися Господа.
24 Бо він добрий був муж, повний Духа Святого та віри. І прилучилось багато народу до Господа!
25 Після того подався Варнава до Тарсу, щоб Савла шукати.
26 А знайшовши, привів в Антіохію. І збирались у Церкві вони цілий рік, і навчали багато народу, і в Антіохії найперш християнами названо учнів.
27 Прибули ж тими днями пророки від Єрусалиму до Антіохії.
28 І встав один з них, на ймення Агав, і Духом прорік, що голод великий у цілому світі настане, як за Клавдія був.
29 Тоді учні, усякий із своєї спроможности, постановили послати допомогу братам, що в Юдеї жили.
30 Що й зробили, через руки Варнави та Савла, пославши до старших.
Acts 11
New English Translation
Peter Defends His Actions to the Jerusalem Church
11 Now the apostles and the brothers who were throughout Judea heard that the Gentiles too had accepted[a] the word of God.[b] 2 So when Peter went up to Jerusalem, the circumcised believers[c] took issue with[d] him, 3 saying, “You went to[e] uncircumcised men and shared a meal with[f] them.” 4 But Peter began and explained it to them point by point,[g] saying, 5 “I was in the city of Joppa praying, and in a trance I saw a vision,[h] an object something like a large sheet descending,[i] being let down from heaven[j] by its four corners, and it came to me. 6 As I stared[k] I looked into it and saw four-footed animals of the earth, wild animals, reptiles,[l] and wild birds.[m] 7 I also heard a voice saying to me, ‘Get up, Peter; slaughter[n] and eat!’ 8 But I said, ‘Certainly not, Lord, for nothing defiled or ritually unclean[o] has ever entered my mouth!’ 9 But the voice replied a second time from heaven, ‘What God has made clean, you must not consider[p] ritually unclean!’ 10 This happened three times, and then everything was pulled up to heaven again. 11 At that very moment,[q] three men sent to me from Caesarea[r] approached[s] the house where we were staying.[t] 12 The Spirit told me to accompany them without hesitation. These six brothers[u] also went with me, and we entered the man’s house. 13 He informed us how he had seen an angel standing in his house and saying, ‘Send to Joppa and summon Simon, who is called Peter, 14 who will speak a message[v] to you by which you and your entire household will be saved.’ 15 Then as I began to speak, the Holy Spirit fell on[w] them just as he did[x] on us at the beginning.[y] 16 And I remembered the word of the Lord,[z] as he used to say,[aa] ‘John baptized with water, but you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit.’[ab] 17 Therefore if God[ac] gave them the same gift[ad] as he also gave us after believing[ae] in the Lord Jesus Christ,[af] who was I to hinder[ag] God?” 18 When they heard this,[ah] they ceased their objections[ai] and praised[aj] God, saying, “So then, God has granted the repentance[ak] that leads to life even to the Gentiles.”[al]
Activity in the Church at Antioch
19 Now those who had been scattered because of the persecution that took place over Stephen[am] went as far as[an] Phoenicia,[ao] Cyprus,[ap] and Antioch,[aq] speaking the message[ar] to no one but Jews. 20 But there were some men from Cyprus[as] and Cyrene[at] among them who came[au] to Antioch[av] and began to speak to the Greeks[aw] too, proclaiming the good news of the Lord Jesus. 21 The[ax] hand of the Lord was with them, and a great number who believed[ay] turned[az] to the Lord. 22 A report[ba] about them came to the attention[bb] of the church in Jerusalem, and they sent Barnabas[bc] to Antioch.[bd] 23 When[be] he came and saw the grace of God, he rejoiced and encouraged them all to remain true[bf] to the Lord with devoted hearts,[bg] 24 because he was a good man, full of the Holy Spirit and of faith, and a significant number of people[bh] were brought to the Lord. 25 Then Barnabas departed for Tarsus to look for Saul, 26 and when he found him, he brought him to Antioch.[bi] So[bj] for a whole year Barnabas and Saul[bk] met with the church and taught a significant number of people.[bl] Now it was in Antioch[bm] that the disciples were first called Christians.[bn]
Famine Relief for Judea
27 At that time[bo] some[bp] prophets[bq] came down[br] from Jerusalem to Antioch.[bs] 28 One of them, named Agabus, got up[bt] and predicted[bu] by the Spirit that a severe[bv] famine[bw] was about to come over the whole inhabited world.[bx] (This[by] took place during the reign of Claudius.)[bz] 29 So the disciples, each in accordance with his financial ability,[ca] decided[cb] to send relief[cc] to the brothers living in Judea. 30 They did so,[cd] sending their financial aid[ce] to the elders by Barnabas and Saul.
Footnotes
- Acts 11:1 tn See BDAG 221 s.v. δέχομαι 5 for this translation of ἐδέξαντο (edexanto) here.
- Acts 11:1 tn Here the phrase “word of God” is another way to describe the gospel (note the preceding verb ἐδέξαντο, edexanto, “accepted”). The phrase could also be translated “the word [message] from God.”
- Acts 11:2 tn Or “the Jewish Christians”; Grk “those of the circumcision.” Within the larger group of Christians were some whose loyalties ran along ethnic-religious lines.
- Acts 11:2 tn Or “believers disputed with,” “believers criticized” (BDAG 231 s.v. διακρίνω 5.b).
- Acts 11:3 tn Or “You were a guest in the home of” (according to L&N 23.12).
- Acts 11:3 tn Or “and ate with.” It was table fellowship and the possibility of eating unclean food that disturbed them.
- Acts 11:4 tn Or “to them in logical sequence,” “to them in order.” BDAG 490 s.v. καθεξῆς has “explain to someone point by point” for this phrase. This is the same term used in Luke 1:3.
- Acts 11:5 tn This term describes a supernatural vision and reflects a clear distinction from something imagined (BDAG 718 s.v. ὅραμα 1). Peter repeated the story virtually word for word through v. 13. The repetition with this degree of detail shows the event’s importance.
- Acts 11:5 tn Or “coming down.”
- Acts 11:5 tn Or “the sky” (the same Greek word means both “heaven” and “sky”).
- Acts 11:6 tn Grk “Staring I looked into it.” The participle ἀτενίσας (atenisas) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
- Acts 11:6 tn Or “snakes.” Grk “creeping things.” According to L&N 4.51, in most biblical contexts the term (due to the influence of Hebrew classifications such as Gen 1:25-26, 30) included small four-footed animals like rats, mice, frogs, toads, salamanders, and lizards. In this context, however, where “creeping things” are contrasted with “four-footed animals,” the English word “reptiles,” which primarily but not exclusively designates snakes, is probably more appropriate.
- Acts 11:6 tn Grk “the birds of the sky” or “the birds of the heaven”; the Greek word οὐρανός (ouranos) may be translated either “sky” or “heaven,” depending on the context. The idiomatic expression “birds of the sky” refers to wild birds as opposed to domesticated fowl (cf. BDAG 809 s.v. πετεινόν).
- Acts 11:7 tn Or “kill.” Traditionally θῦσον (thuson) is translated “kill,” but in the case of animals intended for food, “slaughter” is more appropriate.
- Acts 11:8 tn Possibly there is a subtle distinction in meaning between κοινός (koinos) and ἀκάθαρτος (akathartos) here, but according to L&N 53.39 it is difficult to determine precise differences in meaning based on existing contexts. The sentiment Peter expressed is like Ezek 4:14.
- Acts 11:9 tn Or “declare.” The wording matches Acts 10:15.
- Acts 11:11 tn Grk “And behold.”
- Acts 11:11 sn Caesarea was a city on the coast of Palestine south of Mount Carmel (not Caesarea Philippi). See the note on Caesarea in Acts 10:1.
- Acts 11:11 tn See BDAG 418 s.v. ἐφίστημι 1 for this meaning for ἐπέστησαν (epestēsan) here.
- Acts 11:11 tn The word “staying” is not in the Greek text but is implied.
- Acts 11:12 sn Six witnesses is three times more than what would normally be required. They could confirm the events were not misrepresented by Peter.
- Acts 11:14 tn Grk “words” (ῥήματα, rhēmata), but in this context the overall message is meant rather than the individual words.
- Acts 11:15 tn Or “came down on.”
- Acts 11:15 tn The words “he did” are not in the Greek text but are implied. They form an ellipsis which must be supplied for the modern English reader. Some modern translations supply “it” rather than “he” because the gender of πνεῦμα (pneuma) in Greek is neuter, but there are sufficient NT contexts that use masculine pronouns to refer to the Spirit to justify the use of a masculine pronoun here in the translation.
- Acts 11:15 sn At the beginning is an allusion to Acts 2 and Pentecost. The beginning is a way to refer to the start of the period of the realization of Jesus’ promise in Luke 24:49 and Acts 1:8. Peter was arguing that God gave Gentiles the same benefits he gave the Jews at the start of their mission.
- Acts 11:16 sn The word of the Lord is a technical expression in OT literature, often referring to a divine prophetic utterance (e.g., Gen 15:1, Isa 1:10, Jonah 1:1). In the NT it occurs 15 times: 3 times as ῥῆμα τοῦ κυρίου (rhēma tou kuriou; here and in Luke 22:61, 1 Pet 1:25) and 12 times as λόγος τοῦ κυρίου (logos tou kuriou; Acts 8:25; 13:44, 48, 49; 15:35, 36; 16:32; 19:10, 20; 1 Thess 1:8; 4:15; 2 Thess 3:1). As in the OT, this phrase focuses on the prophetic nature and divine origin of what has been said.
- Acts 11:16 tn The imperfect verb ἔλεγεν (elegen) is taken as a customary imperfect.
- Acts 11:16 sn John…Spirit. This remark repeats Acts 1:5.
- Acts 11:17 tc Codex Bezae (D) and a few other Western witnesses here lack ὁ θεός (ho theos, “God”), perhaps because these scribes considered the Holy Spirit to be the gift of Christ rather than the gift of God; thus leaving the subject implicit would naturally draw the reader back to v. 16 to see the Lord Jesus as the bestower of the Spirit.
- Acts 11:17 sn That is, the same gift of the Holy Spirit.
- Acts 11:17 tn Or “gave us when we believed”; or “gave us after we believed”; or “gave us who believed”; or “gave them when they believed the same gift as he also gave us.” The aorist dative plural participle πιστεύσασιν (pisteusasin) can be understood in several different ways: (1) It could modify ἡμῖν (hēmin, “us”) or αὐτοῖς (autois, “them”). Proximity (it immediately follows ἡμῖν) would suggest that it belongs with ἡμῖν, so the last option (“gave them when they believed the same gift he also gave us”) is less likely. (2) The participle could be either adverbial or adjectival, modifying ἡμῖν. This decision is primarily a contextual one. The point Peter made is not whether or not the Gentiles believed, since both groups (“us” and “they”) had believed in the Lord Jesus Christ. The point was whether or not the Gentiles received the Spirit when they believed, just as Jewish Christians had received the Spirit on the day of Pentecost when they believed. Translated as an adjectival participle, πιστεύσασιν only affirms the fact of belief, however, and raises somewhat of a theological problem if one realizes, “Would God have given the Gentiles the Spirit if they had not believed?” (In other words, belief in itself is a theological prerequisite for receiving the Spirit. As such, in the case of the Gentiles, it is assumed.) Thus in context it makes more sense to understand the participle πιστεύσασιν as adverbial, related to the time of belief in connection with the giving of the Spirit. (3) The participle πιστεύσασιν as a temporal participle can refer to action antecedent to the action of the main verb ἔδωκεν (edōken) or contemporaneous with it. Logically, at least, the gift of the Spirit followed belief in the case of the original Christians, who had believed before the day of Pentecost. In the case of Cornelius and his household, belief and the reception of the Spirit were virtually simultaneous. One can argue that Peter is “summarizing” the experience of Jewish Christians, and therefore the actions of belief and reception of the Spirit, while historically separate, have been “telescoped” into one (“gave them the same gift as he gave us when we believed”), but to be technically accurate the participle πιστεύσασιν should be translated “gave them the same gift as he also gave us after we believed.” A number of these problems can be avoided, however, by using a translation in English that maintains some of the ambiguity of the Greek original. Thus “if God gave them the same gift as he also gave us after believing” is used, where the phrase “after believing” can refer either to “them” or to “us,” or both.
- Acts 11:17 tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”
- Acts 11:17 tn Or “prevent,” “forbid” (BDAG 580 s.v. κωλύω 1.a). Peter’s point is that he will not stand in the way of God.
- Acts 11:18 tn Grk “these things.”
- Acts 11:18 tn Or “became silent,” but this would create an apparent contradiction with the subsequent action of praising God. The point, in context, is that they ceased objecting to what Peter had done.
- Acts 11:18 tn Or “glorified.”
- Acts 11:18 sn Here the summary phrase for responding to the gospel is the repentance that leads to life. Note how the presence of life is tied to the presence of the Spirit (cf. John 4:7-42; 7:37-39).
- Acts 11:18 sn In the Greek text the phrase even to the Gentiles is in an emphatic position.
- Acts 11:19 sn The phrase over Stephen means in connection with Stephen’s death. See Acts 8:1b-3.
- Acts 11:19 tn Or “finally reached.” The translations “went as far as” and “finally reached” for διῆλθον (diēlthon) in this verse are given in L&N 15.17.
- Acts 11:19 sn Phoenicia was an area along the Mediterranean coast north of Palestine.
- Acts 11:19 tn Grk “and Cyprus,” but καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.sn Cyprus was a large island in the Mediterranean off the south coast of Asia Minor.
- Acts 11:19 sn Antioch was a city in Syria (not Antioch in Pisidia). This was probably the third largest city in the Greco-Roman world (Alexandria in Egypt was the second largest, and Rome the largest) and was the seat of government in Syria. Five miles away was a major temple to Artemis, Apollo, and Astarte, major pagan deities.
- Acts 11:19 tn Grk “word.”
- Acts 11:20 sn Cyprus was a large island in the Mediterranean off the south coast of Asia Minor.
- Acts 11:20 sn Cyrene was a city on the northern African coast west of Egypt.
- Acts 11:20 tn Grk “among them, coming to Antioch began to speak.” The participle ἐλθόντες (elthontes) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
- Acts 11:20 sn Antioch was a city in Syria (not Antioch in Pisidia). See the note in 11:19.
- Acts 11:20 sn The statement that some men from Cyprus and Cyrene…began to speak to the Greeks shows that Peter’s experience of reaching out to the Gentiles was not unique.
- Acts 11:21 tn Grk “And the.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.
- Acts 11:21 tn The participle πιστεύσας (pisteusas) is articular and thus cannot be adverbial. It is adjectival, modifying ἀριθμός (arithmos), but has been translated into English as a relative clause (“who believed”).
- Acts 11:21 sn Again, the expression turned is a summary term for responding to the gospel.
- Acts 11:22 tn Grk “Word.”
- Acts 11:22 tn Grk “was heard in the ears,” an idiom. L&N 24.67 states that the idiom means “to hear in secret” (which it certainly does in Matt 10:27), but secrecy does not seem to be part of the context here, and there is no particular reason to suggest the report was made in secret.
- Acts 11:22 tc ‡ Most mss read the infinitive “to travel” after “Barnabas.” διελθεῖν (dielthein) is found before ἕως (heōs) in D E Ψ 33 M and some versional mss. It is lacking in P74 א A B 81 1739 and some versional mss. Although the infinitive with ἕως fits Lukan style, it has the appearance of a scribal clarification. The infinitive has the earmarks of a Western expansion on the text and thus is unlikely to be autographic. NA28 has the infinitive in brackets, indicating doubt as to its authenticity.
- Acts 11:22 sn Antioch was a city in Syria (not Antioch in Pisidia). See the note in 11:19. Again the Jerusalem church exercised an oversight role.
- Acts 11:23 tn Grk “Antioch, who when.” The relative pronoun was omitted and a new sentence was begun in the translation at this point to improve the English style, due to the length of the sentence in Greek.
- Acts 11:23 tn BDAG 883 s.v. προσμένω 1.a.β has “remain true to the Lord” for προσμένειν (prosmenein) in this verse.sn He…encouraged them all to remain true to the Lord. The call to faithfulness is frequent in Acts (2:40; 14:22; 15:32; 16:39; 20:1-2).
- Acts 11:23 tn Grk “with purpose of heart”; BDAG 869 s.v. πρόθεσις 2.a translates this phrase “purpose of heart, i.e. devotion” here.
- Acts 11:24 tn Grk “a significant crowd.”
- Acts 11:26 sn Antioch was a city in Syria (not Antioch in Pisidia). See the note in 11:19.
- Acts 11:26 tn Grk “So it happened that” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.
- Acts 11:26 tn Grk “year they”; the referents (Barnabas and Saul) have been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Acts 11:26 tn Grk “a significant crowd.”
- Acts 11:26 sn Antioch was a city in Syria (not Antioch in Pisidia). See the note in 11:19.
- Acts 11:26 sn The term Christians appears only here, in Acts 26:28, and 1 Pet 4:16 in the NT.
- Acts 11:27 tn Grk “In these days,” but the dative generally indicates a specific time.
- Acts 11:27 tn The word “some” is not in the Greek text, but is usually used in English when an unspecified number is mentioned.
- Acts 11:27 sn Prophets are mentioned only here and in 13:1 and 21:10 in Acts.
- Acts 11:27 sn Came down from Jerusalem. Antioch in Syria lies due north of Jerusalem. In Western languages it is common to speak of north as “up” and south as “down,” but the NT maintains the Hebrew idiom which speaks of any direction away from Jerusalem as down (since Mount Zion was thought of in terms of altitude).
- Acts 11:27 sn Antioch was a city in Syria (not Antioch in Pisidia). See the note in 11:19.
- Acts 11:28 tn Grk “getting up, predicted.” The participle ἀναστάς (anastas) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
- Acts 11:28 tn Or “made clear”; Grk “indicated beforehand” (BDAG 920 s.v. σημαίνω 2).
- Acts 11:28 tn Grk “great.”
- Acts 11:28 sn This famine is one of the firmly fixed dates in Acts. It took place from a.d. 45-48. The events described in chap. 11 of Acts occurred during the early part of that period.
- Acts 11:28 tn Or “whole Roman Empire.” While the word οἰκουμένη (oikoumenē) does occasionally refer specifically to the Roman Empire, BDAG 699 s.v. οἰκουνένη 2 does not list this passage (only Acts 24:5 and 17:6).
- Acts 11:28 tn Grk “world, which.” The relative pronoun (“which”) was replaced by the demonstrative pronoun “this” and a new sentence was begun in the translation at this point to improve the English style, due to the length of the sentence in Greek.
- Acts 11:28 sn This is best taken as a parenthetical note by the author. Claudius was the Roman emperor Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus, known as Claudius, who ruled from a.d. 41-54.
- Acts 11:29 tn So BDAG 410 s.v. εὐπορέω.
- Acts 11:29 tn Or “determined,” “resolved.”
- Acts 11:29 tn Grk “to send [something] for a ministry,” but today it is common to speak of sending relief for victims of natural disasters.sn The financial relief reflects the oneness of the church, meeting the needs of another (even racially distinct) community. Jerusalem, having ministered to them, now received ministry back. A later collection from Greece is noted in Rom 15:25-27, but it reflects the same spirit as this gift.
- Acts 11:30 tn Grk “Judea, which they did.” The relative pronoun was omitted and a new sentence was begun in the translation at this point to improve the English style, due to the length of the sentence in Greek.
- Acts 11:30 tn The words “their financial aid” are not in the Greek text, but are implied. Direct objects in Greek were often omitted when clear from the context, but must be supplied for the modern English reader.
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