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Jesus ascende ao céu

Teófilo,

No meu primeiro livro, falei-te de tudo quanto Jesus começou a fazer e a ensinar, até ao dia em que, depois de ter dado instruções pelo Espírito Santo aos apóstolos que escolheu, foi levado para o céu. Durante os quarenta dias que se seguiram à sua crucificação, apareceu diversas vezes, vivo, sem sombra de dúvida, aos apóstolos, a quem provou de muitas maneiras ser realmente ele aquele que viam. E nessas ocasiões falou-lhes no reino de Deus.

Num desses encontros, enquanto tomava uma refeição com eles, Jesus disse-lhes: “Não saiam de Jerusalém, mas esperem o cumprimento da promessa do Pai, de que vocês me ouviram falar. João batizou-vos com água, mas vocês serão batizados com o Espírito Santo dentro de poucos dias.”

Então, os que se encontravam com ele perguntaram-lhe: “Senhor, é neste tempo que vais restaurar o reino de Israel?”

“É o Pai quem determina os tempos e as ocasiões”, respondeu-lhe, “e não vos compete conhecê-los. Mas quando o Espírito Santo tiver descido sobre vocês, receberão poder e serão minhas testemunhas ao povo de Jerusalém, em toda a Judeia e Samaria, e até aos extremos da Terra.”

Dito isto, Jesus foi elevado e uma nuvem o tomou, à vista deles. 10 E estavam eles a segui-lo com os olhos enquanto subia ao céu quando, de súbito, apareceram no meio deles dois homens vestidos de branco, 11 que disseram: “Homens da Galileia, porque estão aí de olhos postos no céu? Jesus foi para o céu e um dia voltará tal como o viram partir!”

Matias é escolhido para substituir Judas

(Mt 10.2-4; Mc 3.16-19; Lc 6.14-16)

12 Isto aconteceu quando se encontravam no monte das Oliveiras. Regressando a Jerusalém, que ficava quase a um quilómetro de distância, 13 foram para uma sala no andar superior da casa onde estavam a ficar. Estavam ali: Pedro, João, Tiago, André, Filipe, Tomé, Bartolomeu, Mateus, Tiago, filho de Alfeu, Simão (a quem também chamavam o Zelota) e Judas, filho de Tiago. 14 Todos se reuniam constantemente em oração e no mesmo espírito, juntamente com Maria, a mãe de Jesus, várias outras mulheres e os irmãos de Jesus.

15 Por esta altura, numa ocasião em que estavam presentes cerca de cento e vinte pessoas, Pedro levantou-se no meio dos irmãos e disse-lhes o seguinte: 16 “Irmãos, era necessário que se cumprissem as Escrituras acerca de Judas, que servia de guia para aqueles que prenderam Jesus, pois isso já tinha sido anunciado há muito pelo Espírito Santo, falando através do rei David. 17 Judas foi um dos nossos e, como nós, escolhido para ser apóstolo. 18 (Com o dinheiro que recebeu como paga da traição, comprou um campo, onde se suicidou, rompendo-se-lhe as entranhas. 19 A notícia da sua morte depressa se espalhou por Jerusalém, tanto que o povo deu ao local o nome de Alcedamá, que na sua língua significa Campo de Sangue.) 20 A predição do rei David acerca deste acontecimento vem no Livro dos Salmos, onde se diz: ‘Que a sua casa fique deserta, sem ninguém que nela habite’,[a] e ainda: ‘que venha outro tirar-lhe o trabalho.’[b]

21 Agora temos de escolher, em lugar de Judas, um homem dentre aqueles que estiveram connosco todo o tempo em que o Senhor Jesus andou entre nós, 22 desde o seu batismo, por João, até ao dia em que foi levado do nosso meio para o céu. Esse homem deve juntar-se a nós, para ser testemunha da sua ressurreição.”

23 A assembleia apontou dois homens: José Justo (também chamado Barsabás) e Matias. 24 Depois oraram: “Senhor, tu conheces os corações de todos; indica-nos qual destes dois homens escolheste 25 como apóstolo para substituir Judas, que foi para o lugar que merecia.” 26 Tiraram então sortes, tendo estas caído sobre Matias, que passou a ser apóstolo com os outros onze.

Footnotes

  1. 1.20 Sl 69.25.
  2. 1.20 Sl 109.8.

I. The Preparation for the Christian Mission

Chapter 1[a]

The Promise of the Spirit. In the first book,(A) Theophilus, I dealt with all that Jesus did and taught until the day he was taken up, after giving instructions through the holy Spirit to the apostles whom he had chosen.(B) He presented himself alive to them by many proofs after he had suffered, appearing to them during forty days[b] and speaking about the kingdom of God.(C) While meeting with them, he enjoined them not to depart from Jerusalem, but to wait for “the promise of the Father[c] about which you have heard me speak;(D) for John baptized with water, but in a few days you will be baptized with the holy Spirit.”(E)

The Ascension of Jesus. When they had gathered together they asked him, “Lord, are you at this time going[d] to restore the kingdom to Israel?” [e]He answered them,(F) “It is not for you to know the times or seasons that the Father has established by his own authority. [f]But you will receive power when the holy Spirit comes upon you,(G) and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, throughout Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth.” When he had said this, as they were looking on, he was lifted up, and a cloud took him from their sight.(H) 10 While they were looking intently at the sky as he was going, suddenly two men dressed in white garments stood beside them.(I) 11 They said, “Men of Galilee, why are you standing there looking at the sky? This Jesus who has been taken up from you into heaven will return in the same way as you have seen him going into heaven.”(J) 12 (K)Then they returned to Jerusalem from the mount called Olivet, which is near Jerusalem, a sabbath day’s journey away.

The First Community in Jerusalem. 13 When they entered the city they went to the upper room where they were staying, Peter and John and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas son of James. 14 All these devoted themselves with one accord to prayer, together with some women, and Mary the mother of Jesus, and his brothers.(L)

The Choice of Judas’s Successor. 15 During those days Peter stood up in the midst of the brothers (there was a group of about one hundred and twenty persons in the one place). He said, 16 “My brothers, the scripture had to be fulfilled which the holy Spirit spoke beforehand through the mouth of David, concerning Judas, who was the guide for those who arrested Jesus.(M) 17 He was numbered among us and was allotted a share in this ministry. 18 (N)He bought a parcel of land with the wages of his iniquity, and falling headlong, he burst open in the middle, and all his insides spilled out.[g] 19 This became known to everyone who lived in Jerusalem, so that the parcel of land was called in their language ‘Akeldama,’ that is, Field of Blood. 20 For it is written in the Book of Psalms:

‘Let his encampment become desolate,
    and may no one dwell in it.’

And:

‘May another take his office.’(O)

21 Therefore, it is necessary that one of the men who accompanied us the whole time the Lord Jesus came and went among us, 22 beginning from the baptism of John until the day on which he was taken up from us, become with us a witness to his resurrection.”(P) 23 So they proposed two, Joseph called Barsabbas, who was also known as Justus, and Matthias. 24 Then they prayed, “You, Lord, who know the hearts of all, show which one of these two you have chosen 25 to take the place in this apostolic ministry from which Judas turned away to go to his own place.” 26 [h](Q)Then they gave lots to them, and the lot fell upon Matthias, and he was counted with the eleven apostles.

Footnotes

  1. 1:1–26 This introductory material (Acts 1:1–2) connects Acts with the Gospel of Luke, shows that the apostles were instructed by the risen Jesus (Acts 1:3–5), points out that the parousia or second coming in glory of Jesus will occur as certainly as his ascension occurred (Acts 1:6–11), and lists the members of the Twelve, stressing their role as a body of divinely mandated witnesses to his life, teaching, and resurrection (Acts 1:12–26).
  2. 1:3 Appearing to them during forty days: Luke considered especially sacred the interval in which the appearances and instructions of the risen Jesus occurred and expressed it therefore in terms of the sacred number forty (cf. Dt 8:2). In his gospel, however, Luke connects the ascension of Jesus with the resurrection by describing the ascension on Easter Sunday evening (Lk 24:50–53). What should probably be understood as one event (resurrection, glorification, ascension, sending of the Spirit—the paschal mystery) has been historicized by Luke when he writes of a visible ascension of Jesus after forty days and the descent of the Spirit at Pentecost. For Luke, the ascension marks the end of the appearances of Jesus except for the extraordinary appearance to Paul. With regard to Luke’s understanding of salvation history, the ascension also marks the end of the time of Jesus (Lk 24:50–53) and signals the beginning of the time of the church.
  3. 1:4 The promise of the Father: the holy Spirit, as is clear from the next verse. This gift of the Spirit was first promised in Jesus’ final instructions to his chosen witnesses in Luke’s gospel (Lk 24:49) and formed part of the continuing instructions of the risen Jesus on the kingdom of God, of which Luke speaks in Acts 1:3.
  4. 1:6 The question of the disciples implies that in believing Jesus to be the Christ (see note on Lk 2:11) they had expected him to be a political leader who would restore self-rule to Israel during his historical ministry. When this had not taken place, they ask if it is to take place at this time, the period of the church.
  5. 1:7 This verse echoes the tradition that the precise time of the parousia is not revealed to human beings; cf. Mk 13:32; 1 Thes 5:1–3.
  6. 1:8 Just as Jerusalem was the city of destiny in the Gospel of Luke (the place where salvation was accomplished), so here at the beginning of Acts, Jerusalem occupies a central position. It is the starting point for the mission of the Christian disciples to “the ends of the earth,” the place where the apostles were situated and the doctrinal focal point in the early days of the community (Acts 15:2, 6). The ends of the earth: for Luke, this means Rome.
  7. 1:18 Luke records a popular tradition about the death of Judas that differs from the one in Mt 27:5, according to which Judas hanged himself. Here, although the text is not certain, Judas is depicted as purchasing a piece of property with the betrayal money and being killed on it in a fall.
  8. 1:26 The need to replace Judas was probably dictated by the symbolism of the number twelve, recalling the twelve tribes of Israel. This symbolism also indicates that for Luke (see Lk 22:30) the Christian church is a reconstituted Israel.

A promessa do Espírito Santo

Em meu primeiro livro,[a] relatei a você, Teófilo, tudo que Jesus começou a fazer e a ensinar até o dia em que foi levado para o céu, depois de dar a seus apóstolos escolhidos mais instruções por meio do Espírito Santo. Durante os quarenta dias após seu sofrimento e morte, Jesus apareceu aos apóstolos diversas vezes. Ele lhes apresentou muitas provas claras de que estava vivo e lhes falou do reino de Deus.

Certa ocasião, enquanto comia com eles, deu-lhes a seguinte ordem: “Não saiam de Jerusalém até o Pai enviar a promessa, conforme eu lhes disse antes. João batizou com[b] água, mas dentro de poucos dias vocês serão batizados com o Espírito Santo”.

A ascensão de Jesus

Então os que estavam com Jesus lhe perguntaram: “Senhor, será esse o momento em que restaurará o reino a Israel?”.

Ele respondeu: “O Pai já determinou o tempo e a ocasião para que isso aconteça, e não cabe a vocês saber. Vocês receberão poder quando o Espírito Santo descer sobre vocês, e serão minhas testemunhas em toda parte: em Jerusalém, em toda a Judeia, em Samaria e nos lugares mais distantes da terra”.

Depois de ter dito isso, foi elevado numa nuvem, e os discípulos não conseguiram mais vê-lo. 10 Continuaram a olhar atentamente para o céu, até que dois homens vestidos de branco apareceram de repente no meio deles 11 e disseram: “Homens da Galileia, por que estão aí parados, olhando para o céu? Esse Jesus, que foi elevado do meio de vocês ao céu, voltará do mesmo modo como o viram subir!”.

Matias substitui Judas

12 Então voltaram do monte das Oliveiras para Jerusalém, cerca de um quilômetro[c] de distância. 13 Quando chegaram, subiram à sala no andar superior da casa onde estavam hospedados.

Estavam ali Pedro, João, Tiago, André, Filipe, Tomé, Bartolomeu, Mateus, Tiago, filho de Alfeu, Simão, o zelote, e Judas, filho de Tiago. 14 Todos eles se reuniam em oração com um só propósito, acompanhados de algumas mulheres e também de Maria, mãe de Jesus, e os irmãos dele.

15 Por esse tempo, quando cerca de 120 discípulos[d] estavam reunidos num só lugar, Pedro se levantou e disse: 16 “Irmãos, era necessário que se cumprissem as Escrituras a respeito de Judas, que serviu de guia aos que prenderam Jesus. Esse acontecimento havia sido predito pelo Espírito Santo, por meio do rei Davi. 17 Judas era um de nós e participava do ministério conosco”.

18 (Ele comprou um campo com o dinheiro que recebeu por sua perversidade. Ao cair ali de cabeça, seu corpo se partiu ao meio, e seus intestinos se derramaram. 19 A notícia se espalhou entre todos os habitantes de Jerusalém, e eles deram ao lugar o nome aramaico Aceldama, que significa “Campo de Sangue”.)

20 Pedro continuou: “Estava escrito no livro de Salmos: ‘Que sua casa fique desolada, sem ninguém morando nela’. Também diz: ‘Que outro ocupe seu lugar’.[e]

21 “Agora, portanto, devemos escolher um dentre os homens que estiveram conosco durante todo o tempo em que o Senhor Jesus andou entre nós, 22 desde que ele foi batizado por João até o dia em que foi tirado de nosso meio e elevado ao céu. O escolhido se juntará a nós como testemunha da ressurreição”.

23 Então indicaram dois homens: José, chamado Barsabás e conhecido também como Justo, e Matias. 24 Em seguida, oraram: “Senhor, tu conheces cada coração. Mostra-nos qual destes homens escolheste 25 como apóstolo para substituir Judas neste ministério, pois ele se desviou e foi para seu devido lugar”. 26 Então lançaram sortes e Matias foi escolhido como apóstolo, juntando-se aos outros onze.

Footnotes

  1. 1.1 Isto é, o evangelho de Lucas.
  2. 1.5 Ou em; também em 1.5b.
  3. 1.12 Em grego, a jornada de um sábado.
  4. 1.15 Em grego, irmãos.
  5. 1.20 Sl 69.25; 109.8.

Jesus Taken Up Into Heaven

In my former book,(A) Theophilus, I wrote about all that Jesus began to do and to teach(B) until the day he was taken up to heaven,(C) after giving instructions(D) through the Holy Spirit to the apostles(E) he had chosen.(F) After his suffering, he presented himself to them and gave many convincing proofs that he was alive. He appeared to them(G) over a period of forty days and spoke about the kingdom of God.(H) On one occasion, while he was eating with them, he gave them this command: “Do not leave Jerusalem, but wait(I) for the gift my Father promised, which you have heard me speak about.(J) For John baptized with[a] water,(K) but in a few days you will be baptized with[b] the Holy Spirit.”(L)

Then they gathered around him and asked him, “Lord, are you at this time going to restore(M) the kingdom to Israel?”

He said to them: “It is not for you to know the times or dates the Father has set by his own authority.(N) But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you;(O) and you will be my witnesses(P) in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria,(Q) and to the ends of the earth.”(R)

After he said this, he was taken up(S) before their very eyes, and a cloud hid him from their sight.

10 They were looking intently up into the sky as he was going, when suddenly two men dressed in white(T) stood beside them. 11 “Men of Galilee,”(U) they said, “why do you stand here looking into the sky? This same Jesus, who has been taken from you into heaven, will come back(V) in the same way you have seen him go into heaven.”

Matthias Chosen to Replace Judas

12 Then the apostles returned to Jerusalem(W) from the hill called the Mount of Olives,(X) a Sabbath day’s walk[c] from the city. 13 When they arrived, they went upstairs to the room(Y) where they were staying. Those present were Peter, John, James and Andrew; Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew; James son of Alphaeus and Simon the Zealot, and Judas son of James.(Z) 14 They all joined together constantly in prayer,(AA) along with the women(AB) and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with his brothers.(AC)

15 In those days Peter stood up among the believers (a group numbering about a hundred and twenty) 16 and said, “Brothers and sisters,[d](AD) the Scripture had to be fulfilled(AE) in which the Holy Spirit spoke long ago through David concerning Judas,(AF) who served as guide for those who arrested Jesus. 17 He was one of our number(AG) and shared in our ministry.”(AH)

18 (With the payment(AI) he received for his wickedness, Judas bought a field;(AJ) there he fell headlong, his body burst open and all his intestines spilled out. 19 Everyone in Jerusalem heard about this, so they called that field in their language(AK) Akeldama, that is, Field of Blood.)

20 “For,” said Peter, “it is written in the Book of Psalms:

“‘May his place be deserted;
    let there be no one to dwell in it,’[e](AL)

and,

“‘May another take his place of leadership.’[f](AM)

21 Therefore it is necessary to choose one of the men who have been with us the whole time the Lord Jesus was living among us, 22 beginning from John’s baptism(AN) to the time when Jesus was taken up from us. For one of these must become a witness(AO) with us of his resurrection.”

23 So they nominated two men: Joseph called Barsabbas (also known as Justus) and Matthias. 24 Then they prayed,(AP) “Lord, you know everyone’s heart.(AQ) Show us(AR) which of these two you have chosen 25 to take over this apostolic ministry, which Judas left to go where he belongs.” 26 Then they cast lots, and the lot fell to Matthias; so he was added to the eleven apostles.(AS)

Footnotes

  1. Acts 1:5 Or in
  2. Acts 1:5 Or in
  3. Acts 1:12 That is, about 5/8 mile or about 1 kilometer
  4. Acts 1:16 The Greek word for brothers and sisters (adelphoi) refers here to believers, both men and women, as part of God’s family; also in 6:3; 11:29; 12:17; 16:40; 18:18, 27; 21:7, 17; 28:14, 15.
  5. Acts 1:20 Psalm 69:25
  6. Acts 1:20 Psalm 109:8