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La Pentecoste

Mentre il giorno di Pentecoste stava per finire, si trovavano tutti insieme nello stesso luogo. Venne all'improvviso dal cielo un rombo, come di vento che si abbatte gagliardo, e riempì tutta la casa dove si trovavano. Apparvero loro lingue come di fuoco che si dividevano e si posarono su ciascuno di loro; ed essi furono tutti pieni di Spirito Santo e cominciarono a parlare in altre lingue come lo Spirito dava loro il potere d'esprimersi.

Si trovavano allora in Gerusalemme Giudei osservanti di ogni nazione che è sotto il cielo. Venuto quel fragore, la folla si radunò e rimase sbigottita perché ciascuno li sentiva parlare la propria lingua. Erano stupefatti e fuori di sé per lo stupore dicevano: «Costoro che parlano non sono forse tutti Galilei? E com'è che li sentiamo ciascuno parlare la nostra lingua nativa? Siamo Parti, Medi, Elamìti e abitanti della Mesopotamia, della Giudea, della Cappadòcia, del Ponto e dell'Asia, 10 della Frigia e della Panfilia, dell'Egitto e delle parti della Libia vicino a Cirène, stranieri di Roma, 11 Ebrei e prosèliti, Cretesi e Arabi e li udiamo annunziare nelle nostre lingue le grandi opere di Dio». 12 Tutti erano stupiti e perplessi, chiedendosi l'un l'altro: «Che significa questo?». 13 Altri invece li deridevano e dicevano: «Si sono ubriacati di mosto».

Discorso di Pietro alla folla

14 Allora Pietro, levatosi in piedi con gli altri Undici, parlò a voce alta così: «Uomini di Giudea, e voi tutti che vi trovate a Gerusalemme, vi sia ben noto questo e fate attenzione alle mie parole: 15 Questi uomini non sono ubriachi come voi sospettate, essendo appena le nove del mattino. 16 Accade invece quello che predisse il profeta Gioele:

17 Negli ultimi giorni, dice il Signore,

Io effonderò il mio Spirito sopra ogni persona;
i vostri figli e le vostre figlie profeteranno,
i vostri giovani avranno visioni
e i vostri anziani faranno dei sogni.
18 E anche sui miei servi e sulle mie serve
in quei giorni effonderò il mio Spirito ed essi
profeteranno.
19 Farò prodigi in alto nel cielo
e segni in basso sulla terra,
sangue, fuoco e nuvole di fumo.
20 Il sole si muterà in tenebra e la luna in sangue,
prima che giunga il giorno del Signore,
giorno grande e splendido.
21 Allora chiunque invocherà il nome del Signore
sarà salvato.

22 Uomini d'Israele, ascoltate queste parole: Gesù di Nazaret - uomo accreditato da Dio presso di voi per mezzo di miracoli, prodigi e segni, che Dio stesso operò fra di voi per opera sua, come voi ben sapete -, 23 dopo che, secondo il prestabilito disegno e la prescienza di Dio, fu consegnato a voi, voi l'avete inchiodato sulla croce per mano di empi e l'avete ucciso. 24 Ma Dio lo ha risuscitato, sciogliendolo dalle angosce della morte, perché non era possibile che questa lo tenesse in suo potere. 25 Dice infatti Davide a suo riguardo:

Contemplavo sempre il Signore innanzi a me;
poiché egli sta alla mia destra, perché io non
vacilli.
26 Per questo si rallegrò il mio cuore ed esultò la
mia lingua;
ed anche la mia carne riposerà nella speranza,
27 perché tu non abbandonerai l'anima mia negli
inferi,
né permetterai che il tuo Santo veda la corruzione.
28 Mi hai fatto conoscere le vie della vita,
mi colmerai di gioia con la tua presenza.

29 Fratelli, mi sia lecito dirvi francamente, riguardo al patriarca Davide, che egli morì e fu sepolto e la sua tomba è ancora oggi fra noi. 30 Poiché però era profeta e sapeva che Dio gli aveva giurato solennemente di far sedere sul suo trono un suo discendente, 31 previde la risurrezione di Cristo e ne parlò:

questi non fu abbandonato negli inferi,
la sua carne vide corruzione.

32 Questo Gesù Dio l'ha risuscitato e noi tutti ne siamo testimoni. 33 Innalzato pertanto alla destra di Dio e dopo aver ricevuto dal Padre lo Spirito Santo che egli aveva promesso, lo ha effuso, come voi stessi potete vedere e udire. 34 Davide infatti non salì al cielo; tuttavia egli dice:

Disse il Signore al mio Signore:
siedi alla mia destra,
35 finché io ponga i tuoi nemici
come sgabello ai tuoi piedi.

36 Sappia dunque con certezza tutta la casa di Israele che Dio ha costituito Signore e Cristo quel Gesù che voi avete crocifisso!».

Le prime conversioni

37 All'udir tutto questo si sentirono trafiggere il cuore e dissero a Pietro e agli altri apostoli: «Che cosa dobbiamo fare, fratelli?». 38 E Pietro disse: «Pentitevi e ciascuno di voi si faccia battezzare nel nome di Gesù Cristo, per la remissione dei vostri peccati; dopo riceverete il dono dello Spirito Santo. 39 Per voi infatti è la promessa e per i vostri figli e per tutti quelli che sono lontani, quanti ne chiamerà il Signore Dio nostro». 40 Con molte altre parole li scongiurava e li esortava: «Salvatevi da questa generazione perversa». 41 Allora coloro che accolsero la sua parola furono battezzati e quel giorno si unirono a loro circa tremila persone.

La prima comunità cristiana

42 Erano assidui nell'ascoltare l'insegnamento degli apostoli e nell'unione fraterna, nella frazione del pane e nelle preghiere. 43 Un senso di timore era in tutti e prodigi e segni avvenivano per opera degli apostoli. 44 Tutti coloro che erano diventati credenti stavano insieme e tenevano ogni cosa in comune; 45 chi aveva proprietà e sostanze le vendeva e ne faceva parte a tutti, secondo il bisogno di ciascuno. 46 Ogni giorno tutti insieme frequentavano il tempio e spezzavano il pane a casa prendendo i pasti con letizia e semplicità di cuore, 47 lodando Dio e godendo la simpatia di tutto il popolo. 48 Intanto il Signore ogni giorno aggiungeva alla comunità quelli che erano salvati.

When the holy day of Pentecost came 50 days after Passover, they were gathered together in one place.

Picture yourself among the disciples:

A sound roars from the sky without warning, the roar of a violent wind, and the whole house where you are gathered reverberates with the sound. Then a flame appears, dividing into smaller flames and spreading from one person to the next. All the people present are filled with the Holy Spirit and begin speaking in languages they’ve never spoken, as the Spirit empowers them.

Because of the holy festival, there are devout Jews staying as pilgrims in Jerusalem from every nation under the sun. They hear the sound, and a crowd gathers. They are amazed because each of them can hear the group speaking in their native languages. They are shocked and amazed by this.

Pilgrims: Just a minute. Aren’t all of these people Galileans? How in the world do we all hear our native languages being spoken? Look—there are Parthians here, and Medes, Elamites, Mesopotamians, and Judeans, residents of Cappadocia, Pontus, and Asia, 10 Phrygians and Pamphylians, Egyptians and Libyans from Cyrene, Romans including both Jews by birth and converts, 11 Cretans, and Arabs. We’re each, in our own languages, hearing these people talk about God’s powerful deeds.

12 Their amazement becomes confusion as they wonder,

Pilgrims: What does this mean?

Skeptics: 13 It doesn’t mean anything. They’re all drunk on some fresh wine!

This miraculous sign of God’s kingdom is astounding. The followers of Jesus are not known as people who drink too much wine with breakfast, so this fantastic episode requires some other kind of explanation. Unfortunately it is impossible to comprehend or explain what transpires on Pentecost. But this is not a novelty performance; rather, it is the foundation of the kingdom of God in that it establishes the church as the place where God moves on the earth through His Spirit. They expect a political kingdom, but God moves in people’s hearts to transform individuals and communities.

14 As the twelve stood together, Peter shouted to the crowd,

Peter: Men of Judea and all who are staying here in Jerusalem, listen. I want you to understand: 15 these people aren’t drunk as you may think. Look, it’s only nine o’clock in the morning! 16 No, this isn’t drunkenness; this is the fulfillment of the prophecy of Joel. 17 Hear what God says!

    In the last days,
    I will offer My Spirit to humanity as a libation.
    Your children will boldly speak the word of the Lord.
    Young warriors will see visions,
        and your elders will dream dreams.
18     Yes, in those days I shall offer My Spirit to all servants,
        both male and female, and they will boldly speak My word.
19     And in the heaven above and on the earth below,
    I shall give signs of impending judgment: blood, fire, and clouds of smoke.
20     The sun will become a void of darkness,
        and the moon will become blood.
    Then the great and dreadful day of the Lord will arrive,
21     And everyone who calls on the name of the Lord
        will be liberated into God’s freedom and peace.[a]

22 All of you Israelites, listen to my message: it’s about Jesus of Nazareth, a man whom God authenticated for you by performing in your presence powerful deeds, wonders, and signs through Him, just as you yourselves know. 23 This man, Jesus, who came into your hands by God’s sure plan and advanced knowledge, you nailed to a cross and killed in collaboration with lawless outsiders. 24 But God raised Jesus and unleashed Him from the agonizing birth pangs of death, for death could not possibly keep Jesus in its power. 25 David spoke of Jesus’ resurrection, saying:

    I see the Lord is ever present with me.
    I will not live in fear or abandon my calling because He guides my right hand.
26     My heart is glad; my soul rejoices;
        my body is safe.
27     You will not abandon me to experience the suffering of a miserable afterlife,
        nor leave Your Holy One to rot alone.
28     Instead, You direct me on a path that leads to a beautiful life.
    As I walk with You, the pleasures are never-ending, and I know true joy and contentment.[b]

29 My fellow Israelites, I can say without question that David our ancestor died and was buried, and his tomb is with us today. 30 David wasn’t speaking of himself; he was speaking as a prophet. He saw with prophetic insight that God had made a solemn promise to him: God would put one of his descendants on His throne. 31 Here’s what David was seeing in advance; here’s what David was talking about—the Anointed One would be resurrected. Think of David’s words about Him not being abandoned to the place of the dead nor being left to decay in the grave. 32 He was talking about Jesus, the One God has raised, whom all of us have seen with our own eyes and announce to you today. 33 Since Jesus has been lifted to the right hand of God—the highest place of authority and power—and since Jesus has received the promise of the Holy Spirit from the Father, He has now poured out what you have seen and heard here today. 34 Remember: David couldn’t have been speaking of himself rising to the heavens when he said,

    The Master said to my master,
    “Sit here at My right hand,
        in the place of honor and power,
35     And I will gather Your enemies together,
        lead them in on hands and knees,
        and You will rest Your feet on their backs.”[c]

36 Everyone in Israel should now realize with certainty what God has done: God has made Jesus both Lord and Anointed King—this same Jesus whom you crucified.

37 When the people heard this, their hearts were pierced; and they said to Peter and his fellow apostles,

Pilgrims: Our brothers, what should we do?

Peter: 38 Reconsider your lives; change your direction. Participate in the ceremonial washing of baptism[d] in the name of Jesus God’s Anointed, the Liberating King. Then your sins will be forgiven, and the gift of the Holy Spirit will be yours. 39 For the promise of the Spirit is for you, for your children, for all people—even those considered outsiders and outcasts—the Lord our God invites everyone to come to Him.

Just as God raised Jesus from a decaying body, Peter holds out hope for God to liberate those who follow Him from their decaying culture.

40 Peter was pleading and offering many logical reasons to believe. 41 Whoever made a place for his message in their hearts received the baptism;[e] in fact, that day alone, about 3,000 people joined the disciples.

42 The community continually committed themselves to learning what the apostles taught them, gathering for fellowship, breaking bread, and praying. 43 Everyone felt a sense of awe because the apostles were doing many signs and wonders among them. 44 There was an intense sense of togetherness among all who believed; they shared all their material possessions in trust. 45 They sold any possessions and goods that did not benefit the community and used the money to help everyone in need. 46 They were unified as they worshiped at the temple day after day. In homes, they broke bread and shared meals with glad and generous hearts. 47 The new disciples praised God, and they enjoyed the goodwill of all the people of the city. Day after day the Lord added to their number everyone who was experiencing liberation.

Footnotes

  1. 2:17–21 Joel 2:28–32
  2. 2:25–28 Psalm 16:8–11
  3. 2:34–35 Psalm 110:1
  4. 2:38 Literally, immersion, a rite of initiation and purification
  5. 2:41 Literally, immersion, a rite of initiation and purification

The Holy Spirit Comes at Pentecost

When the day of Pentecost(A) came, they were all together(B) in one place. Suddenly a sound like the blowing of a violent wind came from heaven and filled the whole house where they were sitting.(C) They saw what seemed to be tongues of fire that separated and came to rest on each of them. All of them were filled with the Holy Spirit(D) and began to speak in other tongues[a](E) as the Spirit enabled them.

Now there were staying in Jerusalem God-fearing(F) Jews from every nation under heaven. When they heard this sound, a crowd came together in bewilderment, because each one heard their own language being spoken. Utterly amazed,(G) they asked: “Aren’t all these who are speaking Galileans?(H) Then how is it that each of us hears them in our native language? Parthians, Medes and Elamites; residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia,(I) Pontus(J) and Asia,[b](K) 10 Phrygia(L) and Pamphylia,(M) Egypt and the parts of Libya near Cyrene;(N) visitors from Rome 11 (both Jews and converts to Judaism); Cretans and Arabs—we hear them declaring the wonders of God in our own tongues!” 12 Amazed and perplexed, they asked one another, “What does this mean?”

13 Some, however, made fun of them and said, “They have had too much wine.”(O)

Peter Addresses the Crowd

14 Then Peter stood up with the Eleven, raised his voice and addressed the crowd: “Fellow Jews and all of you who live in Jerusalem, let me explain this to you; listen carefully to what I say. 15 These people are not drunk, as you suppose. It’s only nine in the morning!(P) 16 No, this is what was spoken by the prophet Joel:

17 “‘In the last days, God says,
    I will pour out my Spirit on all people.(Q)
Your sons and daughters will prophesy,(R)
    your young men will see visions,
    your old men will dream dreams.
18 Even on my servants, both men and women,
    I will pour out my Spirit in those days,
    and they will prophesy.(S)
19 I will show wonders in the heavens above
    and signs on the earth below,(T)
    blood and fire and billows of smoke.
20 The sun will be turned to darkness
    and the moon to blood(U)
    before the coming of the great and glorious day of the Lord.
21 And everyone who calls
    on the name of the Lord(V) will be saved.’[c](W)

22 “Fellow Israelites, listen to this: Jesus of Nazareth(X) was a man accredited by God to you by miracles, wonders and signs,(Y) which God did among you through him,(Z) as you yourselves know. 23 This man was handed over to you by God’s deliberate plan and foreknowledge;(AA) and you, with the help of wicked men,[d] put him to death by nailing him to the cross.(AB) 24 But God raised him from the dead,(AC) freeing him from the agony of death, because it was impossible for death to keep its hold on him.(AD) 25 David said about him:

“‘I saw the Lord always before me.
    Because he is at my right hand,
    I will not be shaken.
26 Therefore my heart is glad and my tongue rejoices;
    my body also will rest in hope,
27 because you will not abandon me to the realm of the dead,
    you will not let your holy one see decay.(AE)
28 You have made known to me the paths of life;
    you will fill me with joy in your presence.’[e](AF)

29 “Fellow Israelites,(AG) I can tell you confidently that the patriarch(AH) David died and was buried,(AI) and his tomb is here(AJ) to this day. 30 But he was a prophet and knew that God had promised him on oath that he would place one of his descendants on his throne.(AK) 31 Seeing what was to come, he spoke of the resurrection of the Messiah, that he was not abandoned to the realm of the dead, nor did his body see decay.(AL) 32 God has raised this Jesus to life,(AM) and we are all witnesses(AN) of it. 33 Exalted(AO) to the right hand of God,(AP) he has received from the Father(AQ) the promised Holy Spirit(AR) and has poured out(AS) what you now see and hear. 34 For David did not ascend to heaven, and yet he said,

“‘The Lord said to my Lord:
    “Sit at my right hand
35 until I make your enemies
    a footstool for your feet.”’[f](AT)

36 “Therefore let all Israel be assured of this: God has made this Jesus, whom you crucified, both Lord(AU) and Messiah.”(AV)

37 When the people heard this, they were cut to the heart and said to Peter and the other apostles, “Brothers, what shall we do?”(AW)

38 Peter replied, “Repent and be baptized,(AX) every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins.(AY) And you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.(AZ) 39 The promise is for you and your children(BA) and for all who are far off(BB)—for all whom the Lord our God will call.”

40 With many other words he warned them; and he pleaded with them, “Save yourselves from this corrupt generation.”(BC) 41 Those who accepted his message were baptized, and about three thousand were added to their number(BD) that day.

The Fellowship of the Believers

42 They devoted themselves to the apostles’ teaching(BE) and to fellowship, to the breaking of bread(BF) and to prayer.(BG) 43 Everyone was filled with awe at the many wonders and signs performed by the apostles.(BH) 44 All the believers were together and had everything in common.(BI) 45 They sold property and possessions to give to anyone who had need.(BJ) 46 Every day they continued to meet together in the temple courts.(BK) They broke bread(BL) in their homes and ate together with glad and sincere hearts, 47 praising God and enjoying the favor of all the people.(BM) And the Lord added to their number(BN) daily those who were being saved.

Footnotes

  1. Acts 2:4 Or languages; also in verse 11
  2. Acts 2:9 That is, the Roman province by that name
  3. Acts 2:21 Joel 2:28-32
  4. Acts 2:23 Or of those not having the law (that is, Gentiles)
  5. Acts 2:28 Psalm 16:8-11 (see Septuagint)
  6. Acts 2:35 Psalm 110:1