Footnotes

1. Acts 16:35 tn The translation “day is breaking” for ἡμέρα γίνεται (hēmera ginetai) in this verse is given by BDAG 436 s.v. ἡμέρα 1.a.
2. Acts 16:35 tn On the term translated “magistrates,” see BDAG 947-48 s.v. στρατηγός 1. These city leaders were properly called duoviri, but were popularly known as praetors (στρατηγοί, stratēgoi). They were the chief officials of Philippi. The text leaves the impression that they came to the decision to release Paul and Silas independently. God was at work everywhere.
3. Acts 16:35 tn On the term ῥαβδοῦχος (rhabdouchos) see BDAG 902 s.v. The term was used of the Roman lictor and roughly corresponds to contemporary English “constable, policeman.”
4. Acts 16:36 tn The word “saying” is not in the Greek text, but is implied; it is necessary in English because the content of what the jailer said to Paul and Silas is not the exact message related to him by the police officers, but is a summary with his own additions.
5. Acts 16:36 tn The word “orders” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects in Greek were often omitted when clear from the context, but must be supplied for the modern English reader.
6. Acts 16:36 tn Grk “So coming out now go in peace.” The participle ἐξελθόντες (exelthontes) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
7. Acts 16:37 tn Grk “to them”; the referent (the police officers) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
8. Acts 16:37 tn Grk “Having us beaten in public.” The participle δείραντες (deirantes) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
9. Acts 16:37 tn Or “in public, uncondemned.” BDAG 35 s.v. ἀκατάκριτος has “uncondemned, without due process” for this usage.
10. Acts 16:37 tn The participle ὑπάρχοντας (huparchontas) has been translated as a concessive adverbial participle.
11. Acts 16:37 tn The word “us” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context, but must be supplied for the modern English reader.
12. Acts 16:37 tn L&N 28.71 has “send us away secretly” for this verse.
13. Acts 16:37 tn Grk “But they.”
14. Acts 16:37 sn They themselves must come and escort us out! Paul was asking for the injustice he and Silas suffered to be symbolically righted. It was a way of publicly taking their actions off the record and showing the apostles’ innocence, a major public statement. Note the apology given in v. 39.
15. Acts 16:38 tn Grk “heard they”; the referents (Paul and Silas) have been specified in the translation for clarity.
16. Acts 16:38 sn Roman citizens. This fact was disturbing to the officials because due process was a right for a Roman citizen, well established in Roman law. To flog a Roman citizen was considered an abomination. Such punishment was reserved for noncitizens.
17. Acts 16:39 tn Grk “and coming, they apologized.” The participle ἐλθόντες (elthontes) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
18. Acts 16:39 tn Grk “and after.” Because of the length of the Greek sentence, the conjunction καί (kai) has not been translated here. Instead a new English sentence is begun.
19. Acts 16:39 tn The verb ἐρώτων (erōtōn) has been translated as an iterative imperfect; the English adverb “repeatedly” brings out the iterative force in the translation.
20. Acts 16:40 tn “Then” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied to clarify the logical sequence in the translation.