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Lån och skulder

15 Vart sjunde år ska alla skulder efterskänkas. Det ska gå till så här: Varje långivare ska avskriva de lån han har gett till andra. Han får inte kräva igen ett lån av sin broder eller landsman efter att man utlyst den allmänna skuldavskrivningen, Herrens friår. Du kan kräva återbetalning av en främling, men din broders skuld ska du efterskänka.

Hos dig ska ingen behöva vara fattig, för Herren, din Gud, vill välsigna dig rikligen i det land som han ger dig till egendom, om du bara lyssnar till Herren, din Gud, och noga följer hela den lag som jag idag ger dig. Herren, din Gud, kommer att välsigna dig som han har lovat. Du ska låna ut pengar till många folk, men själv kommer du aldrig att vara i behov av lån. Du ska härska över många folk, men ingen ska härska över dig.

Men om det skulle finnas någon hos dig som är fattig, en landsman, i någon av städerna i det land som Herren, din Gud, vill ge dig, får du inte vara hård och vägra att hjälpa honom. Öppna din hand för honom och låt honom få låna vad han behöver. Se till att du inte låter en ond tanke växa fram inom dig bara för att det sjunde året, avskrivningsåret, närmar sig, så att du ser med ont öga på din fattige broder och vägrar att låna ut pengar. Annars kommer den fattige att ropa ut sin nöd inför Herren och du får en synd att svara för. 10 Ge honom det han behöver utan att klaga, för då kommer Herren att välsigna ditt arbete och allt vad du gör. 11 Det kommer alltid att finnas fattiga i landet och därför ger jag dig detta bud: Ge med öppen hand till din broder, till den fattige och den som är i nöd i ditt land.

Slavar

(2 Mos 21:2-6)

12 Om någon av ditt folk, en hebreisk man eller kvinna, har sålt sig till dig som slav, ska han tjäna dig i sex år och sedan måste du frige honom eller henne det sjunde året 13 och du får inte skicka i väg slaven tomhänt. 14 Ge honom en ordentlig avskedsgåva från din hjord och av det som kommer från din tröskplats och din vinpress. Dela med dig åt honom av den välsignelse du själv har fått från Herren, din Gud. 15 Kom ihåg att du själv var slav i Egypten och att Herren, din Gud, befriade dig. Det är därför jag ger dig denna befallning.

16 Men om slaven inte vill lämna dig utan säger att han älskar dig och din familj och trivs bra i ditt hus, 17 då ska du sticka en syl genom hans öra in i dörren. Då blir han din slav för alltid. På samma sätt ska du göra med en slavinna. 18 Beklaga dig aldrig om du måste frige en slav! Du har under dessa sex år sparat in hela den summa[a] det skulle ha kostat dig att ha en anställd på det arbete han utfört åt dig. Herren, din Gud, ska välsigna dig i allt vad du gör.

Förstfödda djur

19 Allt förstfött av hankön från din boskap och dina hjordar ska du avskilja åt Herren, din Gud. Använd inte det förstfödda bland din nötboskap till arbete ute på åkrarna och klipp inte av ullen på det förstfödda bland dina får och getter. 20 Istället ska du och din familj varje år äta dessa djur inför Herren, din Gud, på den plats han väljer ut. 21 Men om det förstfödda djuret inte är felfritt, utan är lamt eller blint eller har något annat fel, ska du inte offra det åt Herren, din Gud. 22 Då ska du istället använda det som mat hemma till din familj. Alla rena och orena kan äta det precis som man äter gasell eller hjort. 23 Men dess blod får du inte äta utan häll ut det på marken som vatten.

Footnotes

  1. 15:18 Kan också översättas: den dubbla summan.

15 (vi) “At the end of every seven years you are to have a sh’mittah. Here is how the sh’mittah is to be done: every creditor is to give up what he has loaned to his fellow member of the community — he is not to force his neighbor or relative to repay it, because Adonai’s time of remission has been proclaimed. You may demand that a foreigner repay his debt, but you are to release your claim on whatever your brother owes you. In spite of this, there will be no one needy among you; because Adonai will certainly bless you in the land which Adonai your God is giving you as an inheritance to possess — if only you will listen carefully to what Adonai your God says and take care to obey all these mitzvot I am giving you today. Yes, Adonai your God will bless you, as he promised you — you will lend money to many nations without having to borrow, and you will rule over many nations without their ruling over you.

“If someone among you is needy, one of your brothers, in any of your towns in your land which Adonai your God is giving you, you are not to harden your heart or shut your hand from giving to your needy brother. No, you must open your hand to him and lend him enough to meet his need and enable him to obtain what he wants. Guard yourself against allowing your heart to entertain the mean-spirited thought that because the seventh year, the year of sh’mittah is at hand, you would be stingy toward your needy brother and not give him anything; for then he may cry out to Adonai against you, and it will be your sin. 10 Rather, you must give to him; and you are not to be grudging when you give to him. If you do this, Adonai your God will bless you in all your work, in everything you undertake — 11 for there will always be poor people in the land. That is why I am giving you this order, ‘You must open your hand to your poor and needy brother in your land.’

12 “If your kinsman, a Hebrew man or woman, is sold to you, he is to serve you for six years; but in the seventh year, you are to set him free. 13 Moreover, when you set him free, don’t let him leave empty-handed; 14 but supply him generously from your flock, threshing-floor and winepress; from what Adonai your God has blessed you with, you are to give to him. 15 Remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and Adonai your God redeemed you; that is why I am giving you this order today. 16 But if he says to you, ‘I don’t want to leave you,’ because he loves you and your household, and because his life with you is a good one; 17 then take an awl, and pierce his ear through, right into the door; and he will be your slave forever. Do the same with your female slave. 18 Don’t resent it when you set him free, since during his six years of service he has been worth twice as much as a hired employee. Then Adonai your God will bless you in everything you do.

(vii) 19 “All the firstborn males in your herd of cattle and in your flock you are to set aside for Adonai your God; you are not to do any work with a firstborn from your herd or shear a firstborn sheep. 20 Each year you and your household are to eat it in the presence of Adonai your God in the place which Adonai will choose. 21 But if it has a defect, is lame or blind, or has some other kind of fault, you are not to sacrifice it to Adonai your God; 22 rather, eat it on your own property; the unclean and the clean alike may eat it, like the gazelle or the deer. 23 Just don’t eat its blood, but pour it out on the ground like water.

The Year for Canceling Debts(A)

15 At the end of every seven years you must cancel debts.(B) This is how it is to be done: Every creditor shall cancel any loan they have made to a fellow Israelite. They shall not require payment from anyone among their own people, because the Lord’s time for canceling debts has been proclaimed. You may require payment from a foreigner,(C) but you must cancel any debt your fellow Israelite owes you. However, there need be no poor people among you, for in the land the Lord your God is giving you to possess as your inheritance, he will richly bless(D) you, if only you fully obey the Lord your God and are careful to follow(E) all these commands I am giving you today. For the Lord your God will bless you as he has promised, and you will lend to many nations but will borrow from none. You will rule over many nations but none will rule over you.(F)

If anyone is poor(G) among your fellow Israelites in any of the towns of the land the Lord your God is giving you, do not be hardhearted or tightfisted(H) toward them. Rather, be openhanded(I) and freely lend them whatever they need. Be careful not to harbor this wicked thought: “The seventh year, the year for canceling debts,(J) is near,” so that you do not show ill will(K) toward the needy among your fellow Israelites and give them nothing. They may then appeal to the Lord against you, and you will be found guilty of sin.(L) 10 Give generously to them and do so without a grudging heart;(M) then because of this the Lord your God will bless(N) you in all your work and in everything you put your hand to. 11 There will always be poor people(O) in the land. Therefore I command you to be openhanded toward your fellow Israelites who are poor and needy in your land.(P)

Freeing Servants(Q)(R)

12 If any of your people—Hebrew men or women—sell themselves to you and serve you six years, in the seventh year you must let them go free.(S) 13 And when you release them, do not send them away empty-handed. 14 Supply them liberally from your flock, your threshing floor(T) and your winepress. Give to them as the Lord your God has blessed you. 15 Remember that you were slaves(U) in Egypt and the Lord your God redeemed you.(V) That is why I give you this command today.

16 But if your servant says to you, “I do not want to leave you,” because he loves you and your family and is well off with you, 17 then take an awl and push it through his earlobe into the door, and he will become your servant for life. Do the same for your female servant.

18 Do not consider it a hardship to set your servant free, because their service to you these six years has been worth twice as much as that of a hired hand. And the Lord your God will bless you in everything you do.

The Firstborn Animals

19 Set apart for the Lord(W) your God every firstborn male(X) of your herds and flocks.(Y) Do not put the firstborn of your cows to work, and do not shear the firstborn of your sheep.(Z) 20 Each year you and your family are to eat them in the presence of the Lord your God at the place he will choose.(AA) 21 If an animal has a defect,(AB) is lame or blind, or has any serious flaw, you must not sacrifice it to the Lord your God.(AC) 22 You are to eat it in your own towns. Both the ceremonially unclean and the clean may eat it, as if it were gazelle or deer.(AD) 23 But you must not eat the blood; pour it out on the ground like water.(AE)