5 Mose 24
Hoffnung für Alle
Gegen leichtfertige Ehescheidung
24 Es kann vorkommen, dass ein verheirateter Mann an seiner Frau etwas Anstößiges findet[a] und ihm nichts mehr an ihr liegt. Er schreibt ihr eine Scheidungsurkunde und schickt sie weg. 2 Sie heiratet einen anderen, 3 aber auch diesem Mann gefällt sie irgendwann nicht mehr, und er schickt sie mit einer Scheidungsurkunde fort. Es kann aber auch geschehen, dass der zweite Ehemann stirbt. 4 In beiden Fällen kann der erste Mann die Frau nicht wieder heiraten. Sie ist unrein für ihn, weil sie mit einem anderen geschlafen hat. Wenn er es doch tut, dann ist das dem Herrn zuwider. Lasst niemals zu, dass eine solche Sünde in dem Land geschieht, das der Herr, euer Gott, euch schenkt.
Schutz von Ehe, Leben, Freiheit und Gesundheit
5 Wenn ein Mann frisch verheiratet ist, darf er nicht zum Kriegsdienst oder zu anderen Aufgaben herangezogen werden. Er soll ein Jahr lang davon befreit sein, damit er ein Zuhause schaffen und seine Frau glücklich machen kann.
6 Wenn euch jemand etwas schuldet, dann fordert nicht seine Handmühle oder seinen Mühlstein als Pfand! Denn damit würdet ihr ihm nehmen, was er zum Leben braucht.
7 Findet ihr heraus, dass jemand einen anderen Israeliten entführt und ihn zu seinem Sklaven macht oder verkauft, dann tötet ihn! Duldet keine solchen Verbrechen unter euch!
8 Wenn jemand an Aussatz erkrankt, so befolgt genau die Anweisungen der Priester vom Stamm Levi! Haltet euch an alles, was der Herr ihnen befohlen hat! 9 Denkt daran, wie der Herr, euer Gott, Mirjam aussätzig gemacht und sie wieder geheilt hat, als ihr aus Ägypten kamt![b]
Die Rechte der Armen
10 Wenn ihr jemandem etwas leiht, dann geht nicht in sein Haus, um euch dort selbst ein Pfand auszusuchen. 11 Wartet draußen vor der Tür, bis er euch etwas herausbringt. 12 Ist er so arm, dass er nur seinen Mantel verpfänden kann, dann behaltet das Kleidungsstück nicht über Nacht. 13 Gebt es ihm auf jeden Fall noch am selben Abend zurück! Dafür wird er euch segnen, denn er braucht es nachts als Decke. Wenn ihr euch daran haltet, dann tut ihr, was in den Augen des Herrn, eures Gottes, gut und richtig ist.
14 Beutet die armen und bedürftigen Tagelöhner nicht aus, ganz gleich ob es Israeliten sind oder Ausländer, die bei euch leben! 15 Sie sind dringend auf ihren Lohn angewiesen. Darum gebt ihnen jeden Tag noch vor Sonnenuntergang ihr Geld. Sonst werden sie sich beim Herrn über euch beklagen, und ihr habt Schuld auf euch geladen.
16 Eltern sollen nicht für die Verbrechen ihrer Kinder hingerichtet werden und Kinder nicht für die Schuld ihrer Eltern. Jeder soll nur für seine eigene Sünde bestraft werden.
17 Verweigert den Ausländern und Waisen vor Gericht nicht ihr Recht! Einer Witwe dürft ihr nicht den Mantel als Pfand wegnehmen. 18 Denkt daran, dass ihr früher Sklaven der Ägypter wart und der Herr, euer Gott, euch aus ihrer Hand erlöst hat. Deshalb gebe ich euch diese Gebote.
19 Wenn ihr bei der Ernte eine Garbe auf dem Feld vergesst, geht nicht zurück, um sie zu holen. Lasst sie den Ausländern, Waisen und Witwen! Dann wird der Herr, euer Gott, euch bei all eurer Arbeit segnen. 20 Wenn ihr Oliven von den Bäumen schlagt, dann sucht die Zweige danach nicht mehr ab. Der Rest soll den Ausländern, Waisen und Witwen gehören! 21 Auch bei eurer Traubenernte haltet keine Nachlese! Überlasst sie den Ausländern, Waisen und Witwen. 22 Vergesst nicht, dass ihr einmal Sklaven in Ägypten wart. Darum haltet euch an diese Gebote!
Footnotes
- 24,1 Möglicherweise ist eine sexuelle Verfehlung gemeint. Vgl. »sexuelles Fehlverhalten« in den Sacherklärungen.
- 24,9 Vgl. 4. Mose 12.
Deuteronomy 24
Living Bible
24 “If a man doesn’t like something about his wife, he may write a letter stating that he has divorced her, give her the letter, and send her away. 2 If she then remarries 3 and the second husband also divorces her or dies, 4 the former husband may not marry her again, for she has been defiled; this would bring guilt upon the land the Lord your God is giving you.
5 “A newly married man is not to be drafted into the army nor given any other special responsibilities; for a year he shall be free to be at home, happy with his wife.
6 “It is illegal to take a millstone as a pledge, for it is a tool by which its owner gains his livelihood. 7 If anyone kidnaps a brother Israelite and treats him as a slave or sells him, the kidnapper must die, in order to purge the evil from among you.
8 “Be very careful to follow the instructions of the priest in cases of leprosy, for I have given him rules and guidelines you must obey to the letter: 9 Remember what the Lord your God did to Miriam as you were coming from Egypt.
10 “If you lend anything to another man, you must not enter his house to get his security. 11 Stand outside! The owner will bring it out to you. 12-13 If the man is poor and gives you his cloak as security, you are not to sleep in it. Take it back to him at sundown so that he can use it through the night and bless you; and the Lord your God will count it as righteousness for you.
14-15 “Never oppress a poor hired man, whether a fellow Israelite or a foreigner living in your town. Pay him his wage each day before sunset, for since he is poor he needs it right away; otherwise he may cry out to the Lord against you and it would be counted as a sin against you.
16 “Fathers shall not be put to death for the sins of their sons nor the sons for the sins of their fathers; every man worthy of death shall be executed for his own crime.
17 “Justice must be given to migrants and orphans, and you must never accept a widow’s garment in pledge of her debt. 18 Always remember that you were slaves in Egypt and that the Lord your God rescued you; that is why I have given you this command. 19 If, when reaping your harvest, you forget to bring in a sheaf from the field, don’t go back after it. Leave it for the migrants, orphans, and widows; then the Lord your God will bless and prosper all you do. 20 When you beat the olives from your olive trees, don’t go over the boughs twice; leave anything remaining for the migrants, orphans, and widows. 21 It is the same for the grapes in your vineyard; don’t glean the vines after they are picked, but leave what’s left for those in need. 22 Remember that you were slaves in the land of Egypt—that is why I am giving you this command.
Deuteronomy 24
King James Version
24 When a man hath taken a wife, and married her, and it come to pass that she find no favour in his eyes, because he hath found some uncleanness in her: then let him write her a bill of divorcement, and give it in her hand, and send her out of his house.
2 And when she is departed out of his house, she may go and be another man's wife.
3 And if the latter husband hate her, and write her a bill of divorcement, and giveth it in her hand, and sendeth her out of his house; or if the latter husband die, which took her to be his wife;
4 Her former husband, which sent her away, may not take her again to be his wife, after that she is defiled; for that is abomination before the Lord: and thou shalt not cause the land to sin, which the Lord thy God giveth thee for an inheritance.
5 When a man hath taken a new wife, he shall not go out to war, neither shall he be charged with any business: but he shall be free at home one year, and shall cheer up his wife which he hath taken.
6 No man shall take the nether or the upper millstone to pledge: for he taketh a man's life to pledge.
7 If a man be found stealing any of his brethren of the children of Israel, and maketh merchandise of him, or selleth him; then that thief shall die; and thou shalt put evil away from among you.
8 Take heed in the plague of leprosy, that thou observe diligently, and do according to all that the priests the Levites shall teach you: as I commanded them, so ye shall observe to do.
9 Remember what the Lord thy God did unto Miriam by the way, after that ye were come forth out of Egypt.
10 When thou dost lend thy brother any thing, thou shalt not go into his house to fetch his pledge.
11 Thou shalt stand abroad, and the man to whom thou dost lend shall bring out the pledge abroad unto thee.
12 And if the man be poor, thou shalt not sleep with his pledge:
13 In any case thou shalt deliver him the pledge again when the sun goeth down, that he may sleep in his own raiment, and bless thee: and it shall be righteousness unto thee before the Lord thy God.
14 Thou shalt not oppress an hired servant that is poor and needy, whether he be of thy brethren, or of thy strangers that are in thy land within thy gates:
15 At his day thou shalt give him his hire, neither shall the sun go down upon it; for he is poor, and setteth his heart upon it: lest he cry against thee unto the Lord, and it be sin unto thee.
16 The fathers shall not be put to death for the children, neither shall the children be put to death for the fathers: every man shall be put to death for his own sin.
17 Thou shalt not pervert the judgment of the stranger, nor of the fatherless; nor take a widow's raiment to pledge:
18 But thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in Egypt, and the Lord thy God redeemed thee thence: therefore I command thee to do this thing.
19 When thou cuttest down thine harvest in thy field, and hast forgot a sheaf in the field, thou shalt not go again to fetch it: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow: that the Lord thy God may bless thee in all the work of thine hands.
20 When thou beatest thine olive tree, thou shalt not go over the boughs again: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow.
21 When thou gatherest the grapes of thy vineyard, thou shalt not glean it afterward: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow.
22 And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in the land of Egypt: therefore I command thee to do this thing.
Deuteronomy 24
New King James Version
Law Concerning Divorce
24 “When a (A)man takes a wife and marries her, and it happens that she finds no favor in his eyes because he has found some [a]uncleanness in her, and he writes her a (B)certificate of divorce, puts it in her hand, and sends her out of his house, 2 when she has departed from his house, and goes and becomes another man’s wife, 3 if the latter husband detests her and writes her a certificate of divorce, puts it in her hand, and sends her out of his house, or if the latter husband dies who took her as his wife, 4 (C)then her former husband who divorced her must not take her back to be his wife after she has been defiled; for that is [b]an abomination before the Lord, and you shall not bring sin on the land which the Lord your God is giving you as an inheritance.
Miscellaneous Laws
5 (D)“When a man has taken a new wife, he shall not go out to war or be charged with any business; he shall be free at home one year, and (E)bring happiness to his wife whom he has taken.
6 “No man shall take the lower or the upper millstone in pledge, for he takes [c]one’s living in pledge.
7 “If a man is (F)found [d]kidnapping any of his brethren of the children of Israel, and mistreats him or sells him, then that kidnapper shall die; (G)and you shall put away the evil from among you.
8 “Take heed in (H)an outbreak of leprosy, that you carefully observe and do according to all that the priests, the Levites, shall teach you; just as I commanded them, so you shall be careful to do. 9 (I)Remember what the Lord your God did (J)to Miriam on the way when you came out of Egypt!
10 “When you (K)lend your brother anything, you shall not go into his house to get his pledge. 11 You shall stand outside, and the man to whom you lend shall bring the pledge out to you. 12 And if the man is poor, you shall not [e]keep his pledge overnight. 13 (L)You shall in any case return the pledge to him again when the sun goes down, that he may sleep in his own garment and (M)bless you; and (N)it shall be righteousness to you before the Lord your God.
14 “You shall not (O)oppress a hired servant who is poor and needy, whether one of your brethren or one of the aliens who is in your land within your gates. 15 Each day (P)you shall give him his wages, and not let the sun go down on it, for he is poor and has set his heart on it; (Q)lest he cry out against you to the Lord, and it be sin to you.
16 (R)“Fathers shall not be put to death for their children, nor shall children be put to death for their fathers; a person shall be put to death for his own sin.
17 (S)“You shall not pervert justice due the stranger or the fatherless, (T)nor take a widow’s garment as a pledge. 18 But (U)you shall remember that you were a slave in Egypt, and the Lord your God redeemed you from there; therefore I command you to do this thing.
19 (V)“When you reap your harvest in your field, and forget a sheaf in the field, you shall not go back to get it; it shall be for the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow, that the Lord your God may (W)bless you in all the work of your hands. 20 When you beat your olive trees, you shall not go over the boughs again; it shall be for the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow. 21 When you gather the grapes of your vineyard, you shall not glean it afterward; it shall be for the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow. 22 And you shall remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt; therefore I command you to do this thing.
Footnotes
- Deuteronomy 24:1 indecency, lit. nakedness of a thing
- Deuteronomy 24:4 a detestable thing
- Deuteronomy 24:6 life
- Deuteronomy 24:7 Lit. stealing
- Deuteronomy 24:12 Lit. sleep with his pledge
Hoffnung für Alle® (Hope for All) Copyright © 1983, 1996, 2002 by Biblica, Inc.®
The Living Bible copyright © 1971 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.
Scripture taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
