3 Moseboken 11
nuBibeln (Swedish Contemporary Bible)
Renhetslagar
(11:1—15:33)
Rena och orena djur
(5 Mos 14:3-21)
11 Sedan talade Herren till Mose och Aron:
2 ”Säg till israeliterna att de får äta följande djur bland landdjuren: 3 de djur som har klövar som är delade i två delar och som idisslar får ni äta men inga andra. 4 Dock ska ni inte äta följande, trots att de idisslar eller har kluvna klövar: kamelen som visserligen idisslar men inte har några klövar den ska vara oren för er, 5 klippgrävlingen som idisslar men inte har några klövar, 6 haren som idisslar men inte har klövar den ska vara oren för er. 7 Svin är också orena, för även om de har klövar, så idisslar de inte. 8 Ni ska inte äta kött från dessa djur eller ens röra vid deras döda kroppar. De är orena för er.
9 Av det som lever i vatten får ni bara äta det som har fenor och fjäll, vare sig de lever i floderna eller i havet, 10 men allt annat i haven och i floderna som inte har fenor och fjäll, såväl smådjur som andra vattenlevande djur, ska ni avsky. 11 De ska alltså vara avskyvärda för er. Ni får inte äta deras kött och ni ska avsky deras döda kroppar. 12 Alltså: allt som lever i vatten och inte har fenor och fjäll ska ni avsky.
13 Bland fåglarna[a] är det dessa ni ska avsky och inte äta utan avsky: örn, lammgam, grågam, 14 glada, falk av alla arter, 15 korp av alla arter, 16 berguv, jorduggla, hornuggla, hök av alla arter, 17 kattuggla, fiskuv, tornuggla 18 och minervauggla; vidare: pelikan, asgam, 19 häger, alla arter av pipare, härfågel och fladdermus.
20 Alla flygande smådjur som går på sina ben[b] ska vara avskyvärda för er. 21 Dock får ni äta de bevingade insekter som utöver de övriga benen har hoppben: 22 gräshoppor av alla slag får ni äta, både den vanliga gräshoppan och syrsan. 23 Alla andra insekter med ben ska ni avsky.
24 Av dessa blir ni orena. Den som rör vid deras döda kroppar ska vara oren till kvällen 25 och den som tagit upp en sådan död kropp måste tvätta sina kläder. Han ska vara oren ända till kvällen.
26 Alla djur som bara har delvis kluvna hovar eller djur som inte idisslar ska vara orena för er. Den som rör vid dem blir oren.
27 Fyrfotadjur som går på tassar ska också vara orena för er. Den som rör vid ett sådant djurs döda kropp ska vara oren till kvällen, och 28 den som bär bort den döda kroppen ska tvätta sina kläder och vara oren till kvällen, för de är orena för er.
29 Av de smådjur[c] som rör sig eller krälar på marken är dessa orena för er: vessla, råtta, alla sorters ödlor, 30 den stora ödlan, geckoödla, den lilla ödlan, snigel och kameleont.
31 Av alla smådjur ska dessa vara orena för er. Den som rör deras döda kroppar ska vara oren ända till kvällen, 32 och om den döda kroppen faller ner på något, så ska det också vara orent, vare sig det är av trä eller tyg, skinn eller säck. Det som djuret kommer i beröring med måste läggas i vatten och är orent till kvällen, men sedan är det rent igen. 33 Om djuret faller i ett lerkärl blir det som finns i kärlet orent, och kärlet måste slås sönder. 34 Om någon mat, som annars kunde ha ätits, kommer i beröring med vattnet, så blir den oren. Drycker, som annars kunde ha druckits, blir också orena i orena kärl.
35 Allt som en sådan död kropp faller på blir orent. Om det är en lerugn eller en härd, blir den orenad och måste slås sönder. Den är oren för er. 36 En källa eller behållare, där det finns vatten förblir däremot ren, men den som tar upp den döda kroppen blir oren. 37 Och om den döda kroppen kommer i beröring med utsäde som ska sås på åkern, blir inte detta orenat, 38 men om säden är våt och den döda kroppen faller på den, blir säden oren för er.
39 Om ett djur som man får äta dör, ska den som rör vid kroppen vara oren till kvällen. 40 Den som äter dess kött eller bär bort den döda kroppen ska också tvätta sina kläder och vara oren till kvällen.
41 Djur som krälar på marken ska ni avsky och får inte ätas. 42 Detta gäller både dem som tar sig fram på buken och dem som har fyra eller fler ben. Inga sådana får ätas, för de är orena. 43 Orena inte er själva genom dem, utan akta er för deras orenhet så att ni inte själva blir orena.
44 Jag är Herren, er Gud. Avskilj er och håll er heliga, för jag är helig. Orena er inte genom något av de djur som rör sig på marken. 45 Jag är Herren som ledde er ut ur Egyptens land för att vara er Gud. Håll er därför heliga, för jag är helig.
46 Detta är lagen beträffande landdjuren, fåglarna och allt som lever i vattnet eller krälar på jorden. 47 Ni måste kunna skilja på orent och rent, vilka djur som kan ätas och vilka som inte får ätas.”
Footnotes
- 11:13 Bland fåglar räknades ofta även andra arter som flyger (som fladdermöss). Flera av fåglarna i denna förteckning är svåra att identifiera och vissa av deras benämningar förekommer endast här. Översättningen är därför osäker.
- 11:20 Ordagrant: fyra ben tycks syfta mer på deras sätt att gå än det exakta antalet ben.
- 11:29 Översättningen av djurnamnen är osäker.
Leviticus 11
Lexham English Bible
Clean and Unclean Animals
11 Then[a] Yahweh spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying to them, 2 “Speak to the Israelites,[b] saying, ‘These are the animals that you may eat from all the animals that are on the land: 3 Any among the animals that has a divided hoof and has a split cleft in[c] the hoof, such[d] you may eat. 4 However,[e] these[f] you may not eat from those that chew the cud and from those that have a[g] divided hoof: the camel, because it is a chewer of cud but it does not have a hoof that is divided—it is unclean for you; 5 and the coney, because it is a chewer of cud but it does not have a hoof that is divided—it is unclean for you; 6 and the hare, because it is a chewer of cud but it does not have a hoof that is divided—it is unclean for you; 7 and the pig, because it has a divided hoof and has a split cleft in[h] the hoof but it does not chew cud—it is unclean for you. 8 You must not eat from their meat, and you must not touch their dead body—they are unclean for you.
9 “‘These[i] you may eat from all that are in the water: any in the water that has a fin and scales, whether in the seas or[j] in the streams—such[k] you may eat. 10 But any that does not have a fin and scales, whether in the seas or[l] in the streams, among[m] all the water’s swarmers among all the living creatures that are in the water—they are a detestable thing to you. 11 And they shall be detestable to you; you must not eat from their meat, and you must detest their dead body. 12 Any that does not have a fin and scales in the water—it is a detestable thing to you.
13 “‘And these you must detest from the birds; they must not be eaten—they are detestable: the eagle and the vulture and the short-toed eagle, 14 and the red kite and the black kite according to its kind, 15 every crow according to its kind, 16 and the ostrich[n] and the short-eared owl and the seagull and the hawk according to its kind, 17 and the little owl and the cormorant and the great owl, 18 and the barn owl and the desert owl and the carrion vulture, 19 and the stork, the heron according to its kind and the hoopoe and the bat.
20 “‘Any winged insect[o] that walks on all fours is detestable to you. 21 Only this may you eat from any of the winged insects[p] that walk on all fours—that which has jointed legs above its feet for leaping upon the land. 22 From these[q] you may eat the locust according to its kind and the bald locust according to its kind and the cricket according to its kind and the grasshopper according to its kind. 23 But[r] any other[s] winged insect[t] that has four legs is detestable to you. 24 And by these you shall become unclean—anyone who touches their dead body shall become unclean until the evening, 25 and anyone who carries their dead body must wash his garments, and he shall be unclean until the evening.
26 “‘With regard to any animal that has a divided hoof but does not split the hoof, or[u] does not have a cud for chewing[v]—they are unclean for you; anyone who touches them shall become unclean. 27 And anything that walks upon its paws among any of the animals[w] that walks on all fours—they are unclean for you; anyone who touches their dead body shall become unclean until the evening, 28 and the one who carries their dead body must wash his garments, and he shall be unclean until the evening—they are unclean for you.
29 “‘And these[x] are the unclean for you among the swarmers[y] that swarm on the land: the weasel and the mouse and the thorn-tailed lizard according to its kind, 30 and the gecko and the land crocodile and the lizard and the sand lizard and the chameleon. 31 These are the unclean for you among all the swarmers; anyone who touches them at their death shall become unclean until the evening. 32 And anything on which one of them[z] falls at their death shall become unclean: any object of wood or garment or skin or sackcloth—any object that has performed work—must be placed in water, and it shall be unclean until the evening, and then it shall be clean. 33 And any clay vessel[aa] into which it falls shall become unclean, and you must break it. 34 Any of the food that could be eaten on which water from such a vessel comes shall become unclean, and any liquid that could be drunk in any such vessel shall become unclean. 35 And anything on which one of their dead bodies[ab] falls shall become unclean: an oven or[ac] a stove must be broken[ad]—they are unclean and shall be unclean for you. 36 Surely[ae] a spring or[af] a cistern collecting water shall be clean, but that which touches their dead body shall become unclean. 37 And when one of their dead bodies[ag] falls on any seed for sowing,[ah] it is clean. 38 But[ai] when water is put on the seed and one of their dead bodies[aj] falls on it, it is unclean for you.
39 “‘And when one of the animals[ak] dies that is for you to eat, the one who touches its dead body shall become unclean until the evening. 40 And the one who eats some of[al] its dead body must wash his garments, and he shall be unclean until the evening; and the one who carries its dead body must wash his garments, and he shall be unclean until the evening.
41 “‘And any swarmer that swarms on the land is detestable; it must not be eaten. 42 You must not eat[am] anything that moves upon its belly or[an] that walks on all fours, even any with numerous feet belonging to any swarmer that swarms on the land, because they are detestable. 43 You must not defile yourselves with any swarmer that swarms, and you must not make yourselves unclean by them and so be made unclean by them, 44 because I am Yahweh your God, and you must keep yourselves sanctified, so that[ao] you shall be holy, because I am holy. And you must not make yourselves unclean with any swarmer that moves along on the land, 45 because I am Yahweh, who brought you up from the land of Egypt to be for you as God. Thus[ap] you shall be holy, because I am holy.
46 “‘This is the regulation of the animals[aq] and the birds and all living creatures that move along in the water and concerning[ar] all the creatures that swarm on the land, 47 to distinguish between the unclean and the clean and between the animal that is to be eaten and the animal that must not be eaten.’”
Footnotes
- Leviticus 11:1 Or “And”
- Leviticus 11:2 Literally “sons/children of Israel”
- Leviticus 11:3 Hebrew “of”
- Leviticus 11:3 Hebrew “her/it”
- Leviticus 11:4 Or “Only”
- Leviticus 11:4 By context; Hebrew “this”
- Leviticus 11:4 Hebrew “the”
- Leviticus 11:7 Hebrew “of”
- Leviticus 11:9 By context; Hebrew “This”
- Leviticus 11:9 Or “and”
- Leviticus 11:9 Hebrew “them”
- Leviticus 11:10 Or “and”
- Leviticus 11:10 Literally “from”
- Leviticus 11:16 Literally “the daughter of the ostrich”
- Leviticus 11:20 Literally “swarmer of the wing”
- Leviticus 11:21 Literally “the swarmer of the wing”
- Leviticus 11:22 Literally “These from them”
- Leviticus 11:23 Or “And”
- Leviticus 11:23 Implied by context
- Leviticus 11:23 Literally “swarmer of wing”
- Leviticus 11:26 Or “and”
- Leviticus 11:26 So HALOT 830 s.v. 4
- Leviticus 11:27 Collective singular = plural by context
- Leviticus 11:29 By context; Hebrew “this”
- Leviticus 11:29 Collective singular = plural
- Leviticus 11:32 Literally “from them”
- Leviticus 11:33 Context indicates a vessel as distinguished from a tool or utensil
- Leviticus 11:35 Literally “from their dead body”
- Leviticus 11:35 Or “and”
- Leviticus 11:35 Or “smashed” (NASB, HCSB, NET, NJPS) or “broken in pieces” (ASV, ESV, NRSV)
- Leviticus 11:36 So HALOT 45
- Leviticus 11:36 Or “and”
- Leviticus 11:37 Literally “from their dead body”
- Leviticus 11:37 Literally “seed plant that is to be sown”
- Leviticus 11:38 Or “And”
- Leviticus 11:38 Literally “from their dead body”
- Leviticus 11:39 Literally “from the animal”
- Leviticus 11:40 Literally “from”
- Leviticus 11:42 Hebrew “eat them”
- Leviticus 11:42 Or “and”
- Leviticus 11:44 Or “and”
- Leviticus 11:45 Or “And”
- Leviticus 11:46 Collective singulars in this verse are plural by context
- Leviticus 11:46 Literally “of”
Leviticus 11
King James Version
11 And the Lord spake unto Moses and to Aaron, saying unto them,
2 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, These are the beasts which ye shall eat among all the beasts that are on the earth.
3 Whatsoever parteth the hoof, and is clovenfooted, and cheweth the cud, among the beasts, that shall ye eat.
4 Nevertheless these shall ye not eat of them that chew the cud, or of them that divide the hoof: as the camel, because he cheweth the cud, but divideth not the hoof; he is unclean unto you.
5 And the coney, because he cheweth the cud, but divideth not the hoof; he is unclean unto you.
6 And the hare, because he cheweth the cud, but divideth not the hoof; he is unclean unto you.
7 And the swine, though he divide the hoof, and be clovenfooted, yet he cheweth not the cud; he is unclean to you.
8 Of their flesh shall ye not eat, and their carcase shall ye not touch; they are unclean to you.
9 These shall ye eat of all that are in the waters: whatsoever hath fins and scales in the waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, them shall ye eat.
10 And all that have not fins and scales in the seas, and in the rivers, of all that move in the waters, and of any living thing which is in the waters, they shall be an abomination unto you:
11 They shall be even an abomination unto you; ye shall not eat of their flesh, but ye shall have their carcases in abomination.
12 Whatsoever hath no fins nor scales in the waters, that shall be an abomination unto you.
13 And these are they which ye shall have in abomination among the fowls; they shall not be eaten, they are an abomination: the eagle, and the ossifrage, and the ospray,
14 And the vulture, and the kite after his kind;
15 Every raven after his kind;
16 And the owl, and the night hawk, and the cuckow, and the hawk after his kind,
17 And the little owl, and the cormorant, and the great owl,
18 And the swan, and the pelican, and the gier eagle,
19 And the stork, the heron after her kind, and the lapwing, and the bat.
20 All fowls that creep, going upon all four, shall be an abomination unto you.
21 Yet these may ye eat of every flying creeping thing that goeth upon all four, which have legs above their feet, to leap withal upon the earth;
22 Even these of them ye may eat; the locust after his kind, and the bald locust after his kind, and the beetle after his kind, and the grasshopper after his kind.
23 But all other flying creeping things, which have four feet, shall be an abomination unto you.
24 And for these ye shall be unclean: whosoever toucheth the carcase of them shall be unclean until the even.
25 And whosoever beareth ought of the carcase of them shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even.
26 The carcases of every beast which divideth the hoof, and is not clovenfooted, nor cheweth the cud, are unclean unto you: every one that toucheth them shall be unclean.
27 And whatsoever goeth upon his paws, among all manner of beasts that go on all four, those are unclean unto you: whoso toucheth their carcase shall be unclean until the even.
28 And he that beareth the carcase of them shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even: they are unclean unto you.
29 These also shall be unclean unto you among the creeping things that creep upon the earth; the weasel, and the mouse, and the tortoise after his kind,
30 And the ferret, and the chameleon, and the lizard, and the snail, and the mole.
31 These are unclean to you among all that creep: whosoever doth touch them, when they be dead, shall be unclean until the even.
32 And upon whatsoever any of them, when they are dead, doth fall, it shall be unclean; whether it be any vessel of wood, or raiment, or skin, or sack, whatsoever vessel it be, wherein any work is done, it must be put into water, and it shall be unclean until the even; so it shall be cleansed.
33 And every earthen vessel, whereinto any of them falleth, whatsoever is in it shall be unclean; and ye shall break it.
34 Of all meat which may be eaten, that on which such water cometh shall be unclean: and all drink that may be drunk in every such vessel shall be unclean.
35 And every thing whereupon any part of their carcase falleth shall be unclean; whether it be oven, or ranges for pots, they shall be broken down: for they are unclean and shall be unclean unto you.
36 Nevertheless a fountain or pit, wherein there is plenty of water, shall be clean: but that which toucheth their carcase shall be unclean.
37 And if any part of their carcase fall upon any sowing seed which is to be sown, it shall be clean.
38 But if any water be put upon the seed, and any part of their carcase fall thereon, it shall be unclean unto you.
39 And if any beast, of which ye may eat, die; he that toucheth the carcase thereof shall be unclean until the even.
40 And he that eateth of the carcase of it shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even: he also that beareth the carcase of it shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even.
41 And every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth shall be an abomination; it shall not be eaten.
42 Whatsoever goeth upon the belly, and whatsoever goeth upon all four, or whatsoever hath more feet among all creeping things that creep upon the earth, them ye shall not eat; for they are an abomination.
43 Ye shall not make yourselves abominable with any creeping thing that creepeth, neither shall ye make yourselves unclean with them, that ye should be defiled thereby.
44 For I am the Lord your God: ye shall therefore sanctify yourselves, and ye shall be holy; for I am holy: neither shall ye defile yourselves with any manner of creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.
45 For I am the Lord that bringeth you up out of the land of Egypt, to be your God: ye shall therefore be holy, for I am holy.
46 This is the law of the beasts, and of the fowl, and of every living creature that moveth in the waters, and of every creature that creepeth upon the earth:
47 To make a difference between the unclean and the clean, and between the beast that may be eaten and the beast that may not be eaten.
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