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Ofringer, der bringer soning for diverse forseelser

Hvis folk under en retssag nægter at aflægge forklaring om en forbrydelse, de har været vidne til, pådrager de sig skyld.

Hvis nogen rører ved noget, der er urent, f.eks. et dødt dyr, som det er forbudt at spise—hvad enten det drejer sig om et vildt dyr, et husdyr eller et krybdyr—er de skyldige, også selv om de ikke rørte ved det med vilje. Eller hvis nogen rører ved nogen som helst form for affald fra mennesker og bliver klar over, hvad de har gjort, så har de pådraget sig skyld.

Hvis nogen overilet aflægger et løfte og sværger på det—hvad enten løftet er aflagt i god eller ond hensigt—er de skyldige, så snart de bliver klar over deres fejltrin.

I hvert enkelt af disse tilfælde skal de bekende deres synd og bringe et skyldoffer til Herren. Det skal være et hundyr, enten et lam eller et gedekid, og præsten skal ofre dyret, for at deres overtrædelse af Herrens bud kan blive tilgivet.

Hvis de er fattige og ikke har råd til at ofre et lam til Herren, skal de bringe to turtelduer eller to dueunger som skyldoffer. Den ene due skal være et syndoffer, og den anden skal være et brændoffer. Præsten skal først bringe syndofferet ved at tage den fugl, som rækkes ham først, og nippe halsen over uden at rive hovedet helt af. Derpå skal han stænke noget af blodet på siderne af alteret og lade resten løbe fra ved alterets fod. 10 Den anden fugl skal tjene som brændoffer, og den skal ofres efter den sædvanlige procedure for brændofre. På den måde skal præsten skaffe soning for deres synd, og dermed er de tilgivet.

11 Men hvis de er så fattige, at de ikke engang har råd til to duer, skal de som syndoffer bringe to liter fint mel. De må ikke blande melet med olivenolie eller strø røgelse over, for i dette tilfælde drejer det sig om et syndoffer. 12 De skal bringe melet til præsten, og præsten skal tage en håndfuld af det og brænde det på alteret på samme måde som andre ofre, der brændes. 13 Sådan skal præsten skaffe soning for deres synd, og dermed er de tilgivet. Resten af melet skal tilfalde præsten på samme måde som melet fra afgrødeofferet.”

14 Derpå gav Herren Moses følgende instrukser: 15 „Hvis nogen forsømmer at bringe de foreskrevne afgrødeofre eller tiendegaver til Herren, skal de bringe en vædder uden skavanker som skyldoffer. Vædderen skal vurderes efter den standard, der bruges i helligdommen. 16 De skyldige skal så betale det, de skylder, plus en bøde på 20 procent. Det hele skal bringes til præsten, og præsten skal skaffe soning for deres skyld ved at ofre vædderen som skyldoffer, og dermed er de tilgivet.

17 Enhver, der synder ved at overtræde Guds lov, er skyldig, selv om det var utilsigtet. 18 Som skyldoffer skal de bringe en vædder uden fysiske defekter, og præsten skal skaffe dem soning, så de bliver tilgivet for det, de uforsætligt har gjort. 19 Det er et skyldoffer, for de har pådraget sig skyld over for Herren.”

20 Herren fortsatte: 21 „Hvis nogen synder imod mig ved at nægte at tilbagelevere et pant for noget, der er lånt eller lejet, eller ved at undlade at tilbagelevere noget, som midlertidig er overladt i deres varetægt, eller ved at udplyndre og udbytte andre, 22 eller ved at lyve om en ting, de har fundet og selv beholdt, eller ved at sværge falsk for at kunne beholde det eller tilsvarende synder, 23-24 da skal de, hvis de bliver kendt skyldige, samme dag aflevere til ejeren, hvad de på den måde uretmæssigt har tilranet sig, og desuden skal de betale 20 procent oveni. 25 De skal bringe et skyldoffer til præsten, som så vil ofre det til Herren. Skyldofferet skal være en vædder uden fysiske defekter eller dyrets værdi i sølv. 26 Præsten vil så skaffe dem soning over for Herren, og dermed er de tilgivet.”

“If anyone sins in that he hears a public (A)adjuration to testify, and though he is a witness, whether he has seen or come to know the matter, yet does not speak, he shall (B)bear his iniquity; or (C)if anyone touches an unclean thing, whether a carcass of an unclean wild animal or a carcass of unclean livestock or a carcass of unclean swarming things, and it is hidden from him and he has become unclean, and he realizes his guilt; or if he touches (D)human uncleanness, of whatever sort the uncleanness may be with which one becomes unclean, and it is hidden from him, when he comes to know it, and realizes his guilt; or if anyone utters with his lips a (E)rash oath to do evil or to do good, any sort of rash oath that people (F)swear, and it is hidden from him, when he comes to know it, and he realizes his guilt in any of these; when he realizes his guilt in any of these and (G)confesses the sin he has committed, he shall bring to the Lord as his compensation[a] for the sin that he has committed, a female from the flock, a lamb or a goat, for a sin offering. And the priest shall make atonement for him for his sin.

“But (H)if he cannot afford a lamb, then he shall bring to the Lord as his compensation for the sin that he has committed two (I)turtledoves or two pigeons,[b] one for a sin offering and the other for a burnt offering. He shall bring them to the priest, who shall offer first the one for the sin offering. He shall (J)wring its head from its neck (K)but shall not sever it completely, and he shall sprinkle some of the blood of the sin offering on the side of the altar, while (L)the rest of the blood shall be drained out (M)at the base of the altar; it is a sin offering. 10 Then he shall offer the second for a burnt offering according to the rule. (N)And the priest shall make atonement for him for the sin that he has committed, and he shall be forgiven.

11 “But if he cannot afford two turtledoves or two pigeons, then he shall bring as his offering for the sin that he has committed a (O)tenth of an ephah[c] of fine flour for a sin offering. He (P)shall put no oil on it and shall put no frankincense on it, for it is a sin offering. 12 And he shall bring it to (Q)the priest, and the priest shall take a handful of it as its memorial portion and (R)burn this on the altar, on the Lord's food offerings; it is a sin offering. 13 Thus (S)the priest shall make atonement for him for the sin which he has committed in any one of these things, and he shall be forgiven. And the remainder[d] shall be for the priest, as in the grain offering.”

Laws for Guilt Offerings

14 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 15 (T)“If anyone commits a breach of faith and sins unintentionally in any of the holy things of the Lord, (U)he shall bring to the Lord as his compensation, a ram without blemish out of the flock, valued[e] in silver shekels,[f] according to the (V)shekel of the sanctuary, for a guilt offering. 16 He shall also make restitution for what he has done amiss in the holy thing and (W)shall add a fifth to it and give it to the priest. (X)And the priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt offering, and he shall be forgiven.

17 (Y)“If anyone sins, doing any of the things that by the Lord's commandments ought not to be done, (Z)though he did not know it, then realizes his guilt, he shall bear his iniquity. 18 (AA)He shall bring to the priest a ram without blemish out of the flock, or its equivalent, for a guilt offering, and (AB)the priest shall make atonement for him for the mistake that he made unintentionally, and he shall be forgiven. 19 It is a guilt offering; he has indeed incurred guilt before[g] the Lord.”

Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 5:6 Hebrew his guilt penalty; so throughout Leviticus
  2. Leviticus 5:7 Septuagint two young pigeons; also verse 11
  3. Leviticus 5:11 An ephah was about 3/5 bushel or 22 liters
  4. Leviticus 5:13 Septuagint; Hebrew it
  5. Leviticus 5:15 Or flock, or its equivalent
  6. Leviticus 5:15 A shekel was about 2/5 ounce or 11 grams
  7. Leviticus 5:19 Or he has paid full compensation to

And if a soul sin, and hear the voice of swearing, and is a witness, whether he hath seen or known of it; if he do not utter it, then he shall bear his iniquity.

Or if a soul touch any unclean thing, whether it be a carcase of an unclean beast, or a carcase of unclean cattle, or the carcase of unclean creeping things, and if it be hidden from him; he also shall be unclean, and guilty.

Or if he touch the uncleanness of man, whatsoever uncleanness it be that a man shall be defiled withal, and it be hid from him; when he knoweth of it, then he shall be guilty.

Or if a soul swear, pronouncing with his lips to do evil, or to do good, whatsoever it be that a man shall pronounce with an oath, and it be hid from him; when he knoweth of it, then he shall be guilty in one of these.

And it shall be, when he shall be guilty in one of these things, that he shall confess that he hath sinned in that thing:

And he shall bring his trespass offering unto the Lord for his sin which he hath sinned, a female from the flock, a lamb or a kid of the goats, for a sin offering; and the priest shall make an atonement for him concerning his sin.

And if he be not able to bring a lamb, then he shall bring for his trespass, which he hath committed, two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, unto the Lord; one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering.

And he shall bring them unto the priest, who shall offer that which is for the sin offering first, and wring off his head from his neck, but shall not divide it asunder:

And he shall sprinkle of the blood of the sin offering upon the side of the altar; and the rest of the blood shall be wrung out at the bottom of the altar: it is a sin offering.

10 And he shall offer the second for a burnt offering, according to the manner: and the priest shall make an atonement for him for his sin which he hath sinned, and it shall be forgiven him.

11 But if he be not able to bring two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, then he that sinned shall bring for his offering the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour for a sin offering; he shall put no oil upon it, neither shall he put any frankincense thereon: for it is a sin offering.

12 Then shall he bring it to the priest, and the priest shall take his handful of it, even a memorial thereof, and burn it on the altar, according to the offerings made by fire unto the Lord: it is a sin offering.

13 And the priest shall make an atonement for him as touching his sin that he hath sinned in one of these, and it shall be forgiven him: and the remnant shall be the priest's, as a meat offering.

14 And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,

15 If a soul commit a trespass, and sin through ignorance, in the holy things of the Lord; then he shall bring for his trespass unto the Lord a ram without blemish out of the flocks, with thy estimation by shekels of silver, after the shekel of the sanctuary, for a trespass offering.

16 And he shall make amends for the harm that he hath done in the holy thing, and shall add the fifth part thereto, and give it unto the priest: and the priest shall make an atonement for him with the ram of the trespass offering, and it shall be forgiven him.

17 And if a soul sin, and commit any of these things which are forbidden to be done by the commandments of the Lord; though he wist it not, yet is he guilty, and shall bear his iniquity.

18 And he shall bring a ram without blemish out of the flock, with thy estimation, for a trespass offering, unto the priest: and the priest shall make an atonement for him concerning his ignorance wherein he erred and wist it not, and it shall be forgiven him.

19 It is a trespass offering: he hath certainly trespassed against the Lord.