Reforms under Josiah

Then the king commanded Hilkiah the high priest, (A)the priests of the second order, and the [a]doorkeepers (B)to bring out of the temple of the Lord all the utensils that had been made for Baal, for [b]Asherah, and for all the heavenly [c]lights; and (C)he burned them outside Jerusalem in the fields of the Kidron Valley, and carried their ashes to Bethel. Then he did away with the idolatrous priests whom the kings of Judah had appointed to burn incense on the high places in the cities of Judah and in the surrounding area of Jerusalem, as well as those who burned incense to Baal, to the sun, to the moon, to the constellations, and to all the remaining (D)heavenly [d]lights. He also brought out the Asherah from the house of the Lord outside Jerusalem to the brook Kidron, and burned it at the brook Kidron, and (E)ground it to dust, and (F)threw its dust on the graves of the [e]common people. And he tore down the cubicles of the (G)male cult prostitutes which were in the house of the Lord, where (H)the women were weaving [f]hangings for the Asherah. Then he brought all the priests from the cities of Judah, and defiled the high places where the priests had burned incense, from (I)Geba to Beersheba; and he tore down the high places of the gates that were at the entrance of the gate of Joshua the governor of the city, which were on one’s left at the city gate. Nevertheless (J)the priests of the high places did not go up to the altar of the Lord in Jerusalem, but they ate unleavened bread among their brothers. 10 (K)He also defiled [g]Topheth, which is in the Valley of the Son of Hinnom, (L)so that no one would make his son or his daughter pass through the fire for (M)Molech. 11 And he did away with the horses that the kings of Judah had given to the (N)sun, at the entrance of the house of the Lord, by the chamber of Nathan-melech the official, which was at the [h]covered courtyard; and he burned the chariots of the sun with fire. 12 The king also tore down (O)the altars that were on the roof, the upper chamber of Ahaz, which the kings of Judah had made, and (P)the altars which Manasseh had made in the two courtyards of the house of the Lord; and he [i]smashed them there and (Q)threw their dust into the brook Kidron. 13 And the king defiled the high places that were opposite Jerusalem, which were on the right of (R)the mount of destruction which Solomon the king of Israel had built for (S)Ashtoreth the abomination of the Sidonians, for (T)Chemosh the abomination of Moab, and for Milcom the abomination of the sons of Ammon. 14 (U)He also smashed to pieces the memorial stones and cut down the [j]Asherim, and (V)filled their places with human bones.

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Footnotes

  1. 2 Kings 23:4 Lit keepers of the threshold
  2. 2 Kings 23:4 I.e., a wooden symbol of a female deity, and so throughout the ch
  3. 2 Kings 23:4 Lit host
  4. 2 Kings 23:5 Lit host
  5. 2 Kings 23:6 Lit sons of the people
  6. 2 Kings 23:7 Or dresses
  7. 2 Kings 23:10 I.e., place of burning
  8. 2 Kings 23:11 Meaning of the Heb uncertain
  9. 2 Kings 23:12 Or ran from there
  10. 2 Kings 23:14 I.e., wooden symbols of a female deity (Asherah)

The king then commanded the high priest Hilkiah, the second-order priests, and the doorkeepers to remove from the Lord’s temple all the religious objects made for Baal, Asherah, and all the heavenly bodies. The king burned them outside Jerusalem in the Kidron fields and took the ashes to Bethel. He got rid of the pagan priests that the Judean kings had appointed to burn incense at the shrines in Judah’s cities and the areas around Jerusalem. He did the same to those who burned incense to Baal, to the sun, to the moon, to the constellations, and to all the heavenly bodies. He removed the Asherah image[a] from the Lord’s temple, taking it to the Kidron Valley outside Jerusalem. There he burned it, ground it to dust, and threw the dust on the public graveyard. The king tore down the shrines for the consecrated workers[b] that were in the Lord’s temple, where women made woven coverings[c] for Asherah.

Then Josiah brought all the priests out of Judah’s cities. From Geba to Beer-sheba, he defiled the shrines where the priests had been burning incense. He also tore down the shrines at the gates at the entrance to the gate of Joshua the city’s governor, which were on the left as one entered the city gate. Although the priests of these shrines didn’t go up on the Lord’s altar in Jerusalem, they did eat unleavened bread with their fellow priests.

10 Josiah defiled the Topheth in the Ben-hinnom Valley so no one could burn their child alive in honor of the god Molech. 11 He did away with the horses that Judah’s kings had dedicated to the sun. They were kept at the entrance to the Lord’s temple near a room in the annex[d] that belonged to an official named Nathan-melech. Josiah set fire to the chariots that were dedicated to the sun. 12 The king also tore down the altars that were on the roof of Ahaz’s upper story, which had been made by the Judean kings, and he did the same with the altars that Manasseh had built in the two courtyards of the Lord’s temple. He broke them up there[e] and threw their dust into the Kidron Valley. 13 The king then defiled the shrines facing Jerusalem, south of the Mountain of Destruction. Solomon the king of Israel had built these for Ashtoreth, the monstrous Sidonian god, for Chemosh, the monstrous Moabite god, and for Milcom, the detestable Ammonite god. 14 He smashed the sacred pillars and cut down the sacred poles,[f] filling the places where they had been with human bones.

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Footnotes

  1. 2 Kings 23:6 Heb lacks image; perhaps a pole dedicated to the goddess.
  2. 2 Kings 23:7 Traditionally cultic prostitutes
  3. 2 Kings 23:7 Heb uncertain
  4. 2 Kings 23:11 Heb uncertain
  5. 2 Kings 23:12 Correction; MT removed them quickly or ran from there
  6. 2 Kings 23:14 Heb asherim, perhaps objects devoted to the goddess Asherah