Joab Kills Abner

Now there was a long (A)war between the house of Saul and the house of David. But David grew stronger and stronger, and the house of Saul grew weaker and weaker.

Sons of David

Sons were born (B)to David in Hebron: His firstborn was Amnon (C)by Ahinoam the Jezreelitess; his second, [a]Chileab, by Abigail the widow of Nabal the Carmelite; the third, (D)Absalom the son of Maacah, the daughter of Talmai, king (E)of Geshur; the fourth, (F)Adonijah the son of Haggith; the fifth, Shephatiah the son of Abital; and the sixth, Ithream, by David’s wife Eglah. These were born to David in Hebron.

Abner Joins Forces with David

Now it was so, while there was war between the house of Saul and the house of David, that Abner was strengthening his hold on the house of Saul.

And Saul had a concubine, whose name was (G)Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah. So Ishbosheth said to Abner, “Why have you (H)gone in to my father’s concubine?”

Then Abner became very angry at the words of Ishbosheth, and said, “Am I (I)a dog’s head that belongs to Judah? Today I show loyalty to the house of Saul your father, to his brothers, and to his friends, and have not delivered you into the hand of David; and you charge me today with a fault concerning this woman? (J)May God do so to Abner, and more also, if I do not do for David (K)as the Lord has sworn to him— 10 to transfer the kingdom from the [b]house of Saul, and set up the throne of David over Israel and over Judah, (L)from Dan to Beersheba.” 11 And he could not answer Abner another word, because he feared him.

12 Then Abner sent messengers on his behalf to David, saying, “Whose is the land?” saying also, “Make your covenant with me, and indeed my hand shall be with you to bring all Israel to you.”

13 And David said, “Good, I will make a covenant with you. But one thing I require of you: (M)you shall not see my face unless you first bring (N)Michal, Saul’s daughter, when you come to see my face.” 14 So David sent messengers to (O)Ishbosheth, Saul’s son, saying, “Give me my wife Michal, whom I betrothed to myself (P)for a hundred foreskins of the Philistines.” 15 And Ishbosheth sent and took her from her husband, from [c]Paltiel the son of Laish. 16 Then her husband went along with her to (Q)Bahurim, [d]weeping behind her. So Abner said to him, “Go, return!” And he returned.

17 Now Abner had communicated with the elders of Israel, saying, “In time past you were seeking for David to be king over you. 18 Now then, do it! (R)For the Lord has spoken of David, saying, ‘By the hand of My servant David, [e]I will save My people Israel from the hand of the Philistines and the hand of all their enemies.’ ” 19 And Abner also spoke in the hearing of (S)Benjamin. Then Abner also went to speak in the hearing of David in Hebron all that seemed good to Israel and the whole house of Benjamin.

20 So Abner and twenty men with him came to David at Hebron. And David made a feast for Abner and the men who were with him. 21 Then Abner said to David, “I will arise and go, and (T)gather all Israel to my lord the king, that they may make a covenant with you, and that you may (U)reign over all that your heart desires.” So David sent Abner away, and he went in peace.

Joab Murders Abner

22 At that moment the servants of David and Joab came from a raid and brought much [f]spoil with them. But Abner was not with David in Hebron, for he had sent him away, and he had gone in peace. 23 When Joab and all the troops that were with him had come, they told Joab, saying, “Abner the son of Ner came to the king, and he sent him away, and he has gone in peace.” 24 Then Joab came to the king and said, “What have you done? Look, Abner came to you; why is it that you sent him away, and he has already gone? 25 Surely you realize that Abner the son of Ner came to deceive you, to know (V)your going out and your coming in, and to know all that you are doing.”

26 And when Joab had gone from David’s presence, he sent messengers after Abner, who brought him back from the well of Sirah. But David did not know it. 27 Now when Abner had returned to Hebron, Joab (W)took him aside in the gate to speak with him privately, and there [g]stabbed him (X)in the stomach, so that he died for the blood of (Y)Asahel his brother.

28 Afterward, when David heard it, he said, “My kingdom and I are [h]guiltless before the Lord forever of the blood of Abner the son of Ner. 29 (Z)Let it rest on the head of Joab and on all his father’s house; and let there never fail to be in the [i]house of Joab one (AA)who has a discharge or is a leper, who leans on a staff or falls by the sword, or who lacks bread.” 30 So Joab and Abishai his brother killed Abner, because he had killed their brother (AB)Asahel at Gibeon in the battle.

David’s Mourning for Abner

31 Then David said to Joab and to all the people who were with him, (AC)“Tear your clothes, (AD)gird yourselves with sackcloth, and mourn for Abner.” And King David followed the coffin. 32 So they buried Abner in Hebron; and the king lifted up his voice and wept at the grave of Abner, and all the people wept. 33 And the king sang a lament over Abner and said:

“Should Abner die as a (AE)fool dies?
34 Your hands were not bound
Nor your feet put into fetters;
As a man falls before wicked men, so you fell.”

Then all the people wept over him again.

35 And when all the people came (AF)to persuade David to eat food while it was still day, David took an oath, saying, (AG)“God do so to me, and more also, if I taste bread or anything else (AH)till the sun goes down!” 36 Now all the people took note of it, and it pleased them, since whatever the king did pleased all the people. 37 For all the people and all Israel understood that day that it had not been the king’s intent to kill Abner the son of Ner. 38 Then the king said to his servants, “Do you not know that a prince and a great man has fallen this day in Israel? 39 And I am weak today, though anointed king; and these men, the sons of Zeruiah, (AI)are too harsh for me. (AJ)The Lord shall repay the evildoer according to his wickedness.”

Footnotes

  1. 2 Samuel 3:3 Daniel, 1 Chr. 3:1
  2. 2 Samuel 3:10 family
  3. 2 Samuel 3:15 Palti, 1 Sam. 25:44
  4. 2 Samuel 3:16 Lit. going and weeping
  5. 2 Samuel 3:18 So with many Heb. mss., LXX, Syr., Tg.; MT he
  6. 2 Samuel 3:22 booty
  7. 2 Samuel 3:27 Lit. struck
  8. 2 Samuel 3:28 innocent
  9. 2 Samuel 3:29 family

The war between the house of Saul and the house of David lasted a long time.(A) David grew stronger and stronger,(B) while the house of Saul grew weaker and weaker.(C)

Sons were born to David in Hebron:

His firstborn was Amnon(D) the son of Ahinoam(E) of Jezreel;

his second, Kileab the son of Abigail(F) the widow of Nabal of Carmel;

the third, Absalom(G) the son of Maakah daughter of Talmai king of Geshur;(H)

the fourth, Adonijah(I) the son of Haggith;

the fifth, Shephatiah the son of Abital;

and the sixth, Ithream the son of David’s wife Eglah.

These were born to David in Hebron.

Abner Goes Over to David

During the war between the house of Saul and the house of David, Abner(J) had been strengthening his own position in the house of Saul. Now Saul had had a concubine(K) named Rizpah(L) daughter of Aiah. And Ish-Bosheth said to Abner, “Why did you sleep with my father’s concubine?”

Abner was very angry because of what Ish-Bosheth said. So he answered, “Am I a dog’s head(M)—on Judah’s side? This very day I am loyal to the house of your father Saul and to his family and friends. I haven’t handed you over to David. Yet now you accuse me of an offense involving this woman! May God deal with Abner, be it ever so severely, if I do not do for David what the Lord promised(N) him on oath 10 and transfer the kingdom from the house of Saul and establish David’s throne over Israel and Judah from Dan to Beersheba.”(O) 11 Ish-Bosheth did not dare to say another word to Abner, because he was afraid of him.

12 Then Abner sent messengers on his behalf to say to David, “Whose land is it? Make an agreement with me, and I will help you bring all Israel over to you.”

13 “Good,” said David. “I will make an agreement with you. But I demand one thing of you: Do not come into my presence unless you bring Michal daughter of Saul when you come to see me.”(P) 14 Then David sent messengers to Ish-Bosheth son of Saul, demanding, “Give me my wife Michal,(Q) whom I betrothed to myself for the price of a hundred Philistine foreskins.”

15 So Ish-Bosheth gave orders and had her taken away from her husband(R) Paltiel(S) son of Laish. 16 Her husband, however, went with her, weeping behind her all the way to Bahurim.(T) Then Abner said to him, “Go back home!” So he went back.

17 Abner conferred with the elders(U) of Israel and said, “For some time you have wanted to make David your king. 18 Now do it! For the Lord promised David, ‘By my servant David I will rescue my people Israel from the hand of the Philistines(V) and from the hand of all their enemies.(W)’”

19 Abner also spoke to the Benjamites in person. Then he went to Hebron to tell David everything that Israel and the whole tribe of Benjamin(X) wanted to do. 20 When Abner, who had twenty men with him, came to David at Hebron, David prepared a feast(Y) for him and his men. 21 Then Abner said to David, “Let me go at once and assemble all Israel for my lord the king, so that they may make a covenant(Z) with you, and that you may rule over all that your heart desires.”(AA) So David sent Abner away, and he went in peace.

Joab Murders Abner

22 Just then David’s men and Joab returned from a raid and brought with them a great deal of plunder. But Abner was no longer with David in Hebron, because David had sent him away, and he had gone in peace. 23 When Joab and all the soldiers with him arrived, he was told that Abner son of Ner had come to the king and that the king had sent him away and that he had gone in peace.

24 So Joab went to the king and said, “What have you done? Look, Abner came to you. Why did you let him go? Now he is gone! 25 You know Abner son of Ner; he came to deceive you and observe your movements and find out everything you are doing.”

26 Joab then left David and sent messengers after Abner, and they brought him back from the cistern at Sirah. But David did not know it. 27 Now when Abner(AB) returned to Hebron, Joab took him aside into an inner chamber, as if to speak with him privately. And there, to avenge the blood of his brother Asahel, Joab stabbed him(AC) in the stomach, and he died.(AD)

28 Later, when David heard about this, he said, “I and my kingdom are forever innocent(AE) before the Lord concerning the blood of Abner son of Ner. 29 May his blood(AF) fall on the head of Joab and on his whole family!(AG) May Joab’s family never be without someone who has a running sore(AH) or leprosy[a] or who leans on a crutch or who falls by the sword or who lacks food.”

30 (Joab and his brother Abishai murdered Abner because he had killed their brother Asahel in the battle at Gibeon.)

31 Then David said to Joab and all the people with him, “Tear your clothes and put on sackcloth(AI) and walk in mourning(AJ) in front of Abner.” King David himself walked behind the bier. 32 They buried Abner in Hebron, and the king wept(AK) aloud at Abner’s tomb. All the people wept also.

33 The king sang this lament(AL) for Abner:

“Should Abner have died as the lawless die?
34     Your hands were not bound,
    your feet were not fettered.(AM)
You fell as one falls before the wicked.”

And all the people wept over him again.

35 Then they all came and urged David to eat something while it was still day; but David took an oath, saying, “May God deal with me, be it ever so severely,(AN) if I taste bread(AO) or anything else before the sun sets!”

36 All the people took note and were pleased; indeed, everything the king did pleased them. 37 So on that day all the people there and all Israel knew that the king had no part(AP) in the murder of Abner son of Ner.

38 Then the king said to his men, “Do you not realize that a commander and a great man has fallen(AQ) in Israel this day? 39 And today, though I am the anointed king, I am weak, and these sons of Zeruiah(AR) are too strong(AS) for me.(AT) May the Lord repay(AU) the evildoer according to his evil deeds!”

Footnotes

  1. 2 Samuel 3:29 The Hebrew for leprosy was used for various diseases affecting the skin.

La guerre dura longtemps entre la maison de Saül et celle de David, mais la maison de David devenait de plus en plus puissante, tandis que celle de Saül ne cessait de s’affaiblir.

Les fils de David nés à Hébron(A)

Il naquit à David des fils à Hébron : son premier-né s’appelait Amnôn, il était fils d’Ahinoam de Jizréel. Son deuxième, Kileab, était fils d’Abigaïl, veuve de Nabal de Karmel ; le troisième, Absalom, était le fils de Maaka, fille de Talmaï, le roi de Gueshour[a] ; le quatrième, Adoniya, était le fils de Haggith ; le cinquième, Shephatia, était le fils d’Abital ; et le sixième Yitream, fils d’Egla, femme de David. Tels sont les fils de David qui naquirent à Hébron.

Abner se rallie à David

Tant que dura la guerre entre la maison de Saül et celle de David, Abner renforça son influence dans la maison de Saül. Or, Saül avait eu une épouse de second rang, Ritspa, fille d’Aya. Ish-Bosheth fit un reproche à Abner en lui disant : Pourquoi as-tu couché avec l’épouse de mon père ?

A ces mots, Abner entra dans une violente colère et lança à Ish-Bosheth : Est-ce que je suis un chien au service de Juda ? Depuis toujours, j’ai traité avec faveur la famille de Saül, ton père, ses frères et ses amis, et je ne t’ai pas laissé tomber entre les mains de David, et voilà que tu viens aujourd’hui me reprocher une faute avec cette femme ! Que Dieu me punisse très sévèrement si je n’œuvre pas à la réalisation de ce que l’Eternel a promis à David. 10 Car il a juré d’enlever la royauté à la famille de Saül et d’affermir l’autorité royale de David[b] sur Israël et sur Juda depuis Dan jusqu’à Beer-Sheva[c].

11 Ish-Bosheth ne put lui répliquer un seul mot car il avait peur de lui.

12 Abner envoya des émissaires auprès de David pour lui faire cette proposition : A qui doit appartenir ce pays ? Conclus une alliance avec moi et je t’aiderai à rallier tout Israël autour de toi.

13 – D’accord, leur répondit David, je ferai alliance avec toi, mais à une condition : je ne te recevrai pas si tu ne m’envoies pas d’abord Mikal, la fille de Saül[d], lorsque tu viendras me rencontrer.

14 En même temps, David envoya des messagers à Ish-Bosheth, fils de Saül, pour lui dire : Rends-moi ma femme Mikal que j’ai acquise au prix de cent prépuces de Philistins.

15 Ish-Bosheth la fit enlever chez son second mari Paltiel, fils de Laïsh, 16 qui la suivit en pleurant jusqu’à Bahourim[e]. Là, Abner lui ordonna de retourner chez lui – et il s’en alla.

17 Abner engagea des pourparlers avec les responsables d’Israël. Il leur dit : Depuis longtemps déjà vous souhaitez que David devienne votre roi. 18 Le moment est venu de passer aux actes. Rappelez-vous que l’Eternel a promis à David : « C’est par David, mon serviteur, que je délivrerai mon peuple Israël des Philistins et de tous ses ennemis. »

19 Abner s’entretint de la même manière avec les responsables de la tribu de Benjamin, puis il se rendit à Hébron pour communiquer à David les décisions prises en accord avec les autres Israélites et toute la tribu de Benjamin.

20 Il arriva chez David à Hébron accompagné de vingt hommes. David leur offrit à tous un festin. 21 Puis Abner lui dit : Je m’en vais rassembler tout Israël autour de mon seigneur le roi ; ils concluront une alliance avec toi, et tu régneras partout où tu voudras.

David le laissa partir et celui-ci s’en alla en paix.

La mort d’Abner

22 Peu après, Joab et les hommes de David rentrèrent d’une expédition militaire en rapportant un butin considérable. Abner n’était plus chez David à Hébron, puisque celui-ci l’avait laissé repartir en paix. 23 Quand Joab et toute l’armée qui l’accompagnait arrivèrent, on informa Joab qu’Abner, fils de Ner, était venu trouver le roi et que celui-ci l’avait laissé repartir en paix. 24 Alors Joab se rendit auprès du roi et lui dit : Qu’as-tu fait ? Abner est venu vers toi et toi, tu l’as laissé repartir librement ! 25 Pourtant tu le connais, cet Abner, fils de Ner : c’est pour te tromper qu’il est venu, pour apprendre quels sont tes plans de campagne et pour savoir tout ce que tu fais.

26 Joab sortit de chez David et sans que celui-ci en sache rien, il envoya sur les pas d’Abner des messagers qui lui firent rebrousser chemin depuis la citerne de Sira[f]. 27 Quand Abner fut de retour à Hébron, Joab l’entraîna à l’écart à l’intérieur de la porte de la ville comme pour lui parler confidentiellement, et là il le poignarda en plein ventre et le tua pour venger la mort de son frère Asaël.

28 Quand David apprit ce qui s’était passé, il s’écria : Je suis à jamais innocent devant l’Eternel, moi ainsi que mon royaume, du meurtre d’Abner, fils de Ner. 29 Que la responsabilité de ce meurtre retombe sur Joab et sa famille ! Qu’il ne cesse d’y avoir parmi ses descendants quelqu’un qui soit atteint d’un flux ou de la lèpre, ou qui s’appuie sur des béquilles, ou qui meure par l’épée, ou qui manque de nourriture[g] !

30 Joab et son frère Abishaï avaient assassiné Abner, parce qu’il avait tué leur frère Asaël au cours de la bataille de Gabaon[h].

31 David ordonna à Joab et à toute la troupe qui l’accompagnait : Déchirez vos vêtements, revêtez-vous d’un habit de toile de sac et portez le deuil pour Abner !

Le roi David marchait derrière le cercueil. 32 On enterra Abner à Hébron ; le roi éclata en sanglots sur son tombeau et tout le peuple se mit à pleurer.

33 Puis le roi entonna sur Abner la complainte que voici :

Fallait-il qu’Abner meure ╵comme les insensés ?
34 Tu n’avais pas les mains liées
ni les pieds enchaînés.
Pourtant tu es tombé
comme lorsque l’on tombe ╵devant des gens pervers.

Et tout le peuple se remit à pleurer sur lui. 35 Ensuite tout le monde pressa David de prendre quelque nourriture pendant qu’il faisait encore jour. Mais il fit ce serment : Que Dieu me punisse très sévèrement si je mange un seul morceau de pain ou quoi que ce soit d’autre avant le coucher du soleil. 36 Tout le peuple en eut connaissance et l’approuva, comme du reste il approuvait tout ce que faisait le roi. 37 Toute l’armée et tout Israël reconnurent ce jour-là que le roi n’était pour rien dans l’assassinat d’Abner, fils de Ner. 38 Le roi dit à ses officiers : Est-ce que vous vous rendez compte qu’un prince et un grand chef est tombé aujourd’hui en Israël ? 39 Même si j’ai reçu l’onction royale, je suis encore faible, et ces gens, les fils de Tserouya, sont trop puissants pour moi. Que l’Eternel lui-même punisse celui qui a commis ce crime selon le mal qu’il a fait !

Footnotes

  1. 3.3 Gueshour était un petit royaume syrien situé à l’est du Jourdain et au nord-est du lac de Galilée (voir 15.8 ; Jos 12.5 ; 13.11-13 ; Dt 3.14) où Absalom cherchera refuge (13.37-38 ; 14.23).
  2. 3.10 Voir 1 S 15.28.
  3. 3.10 Expression classique désignant tout le pays d’Israël, de l’extrême nord à l’extrême sud (voir Jg 20.1).
  4. 3.13 Voir 1 S 18.20-30 ; 25.44.
  5. 3.16 A quelques kilomètres de Jérusalem, sans doute la dernière localité du ressort d’Ish-Bosheth.
  6. 3.26 Un des points d’eau du désert, très certainement situé au nord d’Hébron.
  7. 3.29 Voir 1 R 2.5-6, 28-35.
  8. 3.30 Voir 2.18-23.