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La guerra entre la casa de Saúl y la casa de David fue larga, pero mientras que la de David iba haciéndose más y más fuerte, la de Saúl se iba debilitando.

La familia de David(A)

Los hijos que le nacieron a David cuando estaba en Hebrón, fueron: el mayor, Amnón, hijo de Ahinóam, la de Jezreel; el segundo, Quilab, hijo de Abigail, la viuda de Nabal, el de Carmel; el tercero, Absalón, hijo de Maacá, la hija de Talmai, rey de Guesur; el cuarto, Adonías, hijo de Haguit; el quinto, Sefatías, hijo de Abital; el sexto, Itream, hijo de Eglá, otra mujer de David. Éstos nacieron cuando David estaba en Hebrón.

Abner se alía con David

Mientras continuaba la guerra entre la casa de Saúl y la casa de David, Abner adquiría cada vez más poder sobre la casa de Saúl. Saúl había tenido una concubina llamada Rispá, hija de Aiá, con la que Abner tuvo relaciones. Por lo tanto, Is-bóset le reclamó a Abner:

—¿Por qué te acostaste con la concubina de mi padre?

Abner se enojó mucho por la reclamación de Is-bóset, y le contestó:

—¿Acaso soy un perro al servicio de Judá? Yo he sido fiel a la casa de Saúl, tu padre, y a sus parientes y amigos, y no te he entregado en manos de David. ¿Y tú me acusas ahora de haber pecado con una mujer? ¡Que el Señor me castigue duramente si no hago con David lo que el Señor le ha prometido, 10 quitando del trono a la dinastía de Saúl, y estableciendo a David en el trono de Israel y de Judá, desde Dan hasta Beerseba!

11 Is-bóset no pudo responderle a Abner una sola palabra, porque le tenía miedo. 12 Abner, por su parte, envió mensajeros a decirle a David: «¿De quién es el país? Hagamos un trato: yo haré cuanto esté a mi alcance para que todo Israel se ponga de tu parte.»

13 David le contestó: «Estoy de acuerdo en hacer un pacto contigo, pero con una condición: que no te presentes ante mí sin traer contigo, cuando vengas a verme, a Mical, la hija de Saúl.» 14 Además, David envió mensajeros a Is-bóset, diciéndole: «Entrégame a Mical, mi mujer, con la que me casé a cambio de cien prepucios de filisteos.»

15 Entonces Is-bóset mandó que se la quitaran a Paltiel, hijo de Lais, que era su marido; 16 pero Paltiel se fue detrás de ella, llorando, y la siguió hasta Bahurim. Allí Abner le ordenó que regresara, y Paltiel regresó.

17 Más tarde Abner habló con los ancianos de Israel, y les dijo: «Ya hace tiempo que ustedes andan buscando que David sea su rey. 18 Pues bien, ha llegado el momento de actuar, porque el Señor ha prometido a David, su siervo, que por medio de él librará a Israel, su nación, del dominio de los filisteos y del poder de todos sus enemigos.»

19 Abner habló también con la gente de Benjamín, y después fue a Hebrón para comunicarle a David el parecer de Israel y de toda la tribu de Benjamín. 20 Llegó con veinte hombres a Hebrón, donde estaba David, y David hizo un banquete para él y los que le acompañaban. 21 Luego Abner le dijo a David:

—Ahora debo irme para reunir a todo Israel, para que hagan un pacto con Su Majestad, y que así Su Majestad reine conforme a sus deseos.

Y David despidió a Abner, el cual se fue tranquilamente.

Joab mata a Abner

22 Joab y los seguidores de David llegaron en ese momento de una de sus correrías, trayendo consigo gran cantidad de cosas que le habían quitado al enemigo. Abner no estaba ya con David en Hebrón, pues se había ido tranquilamente después que David lo despidió. 23 Al llegar Joab con todo el ejército que le acompañaba, le contaron que Abner, hijo de Ner, había estado antes con el rey, y que se había ido después que el rey lo despidió. 24 Entonces Joab fue a ver al rey, y le dijo:

—¿Qué es lo que ha hecho Su Majestad? Abner ha venido a ver a Su Majestad, y Su Majestad ha dejado que se vaya. 25 ¿Acaso no sabe Su Majestad que Abner, hijo de Ner, ha venido sólo a engañarle, y a espiar sus movimientos, y a enterarse de todo lo que Su Majestad hace?

26 En cuanto Joab salió de hablar con David, envió mensajeros en busca de Abner, sin que David lo supiera, y éstos lo hicieron volver desde el pozo de Sirá. 27 Cuando Abner llegó a Hebrón, Joab lo llevó a un lado de la puerta de la ciudad, para hablar con él a solas, y allí lo hirió de muerte en el vientre, para vengar la muerte de su hermano Asael. 28 Más tarde, cuando David lo supo, dijo: «Ante el Señor, yo y mi reino somos completamente inocentes del asesinato de Abner, hijo de Ner. 29 ¡Que caiga la culpa sobre la cabeza de Joab y sobre toda su familia, y que nunca falte en su casa quien sufra de flujo, lepra o cojera, ni quien sea asesinado o padezca hambre!»

30 Joab y Abisai mataron a Abner porque en la batalla de Gabaón Abner había matado al hermano de ellos.

31 Después David ordenó a Joab y a todo el grupo que le acompañaba: «Rásguense la ropa y vístanse con ropas ásperas, y guarden luto por la muerte de Abner.» El rey David marchó detrás de la camilla, 32 y enterraron a Abner en Hebrón. Allí el rey se puso a llorar a voz en cuello junto al sepulcro de Abner, y lo mismo hizo toda la gente. 33 Entonces el rey entonó este lamento por Abner:

«¿Por qué tenías que morir, Abner,
de manera tan absurda,
34 si no tenías atadas las manos
ni encadenados los pies?
¡Has muerto como quien muere
a manos de gente malvada!»

También la gente siguió llorando por él. 35 Luego fueron a rogarle a David que comiera algo antes de que terminara el día, pero David juró, diciendo:

—¡Que Dios me castigue duramente, si pruebo pan o alguna otra cosa antes de que se ponga el sol!

36 Todos comprendieron esto y les pareció bien, pues todo lo que el rey hacía agradaba a la gente. 37 Aquel día todos los israelitas quedaron convencidos de que el rey no había tenido nada que ver con la muerte de Abner, hijo de Ner.

38 Luego el rey dijo a sus oficiales:

—Como ustedes saben, hoy ha caído en Israel un jefe principal, una gran personalidad. 39 Por eso yo, a pesar de ser el rey que Dios ha escogido, me siento débil ante la extremada violencia de los hijos de Seruiá. ¡Que el Señor le dé su merecido a quien cometió esta maldad!

The war between the house of Saul and the house of David lasted a long time.(A) David grew stronger and stronger,(B) while the house of Saul grew weaker and weaker.(C)

Sons were born to David in Hebron:

His firstborn was Amnon(D) the son of Ahinoam(E) of Jezreel;

his second, Kileab the son of Abigail(F) the widow of Nabal of Carmel;

the third, Absalom(G) the son of Maakah daughter of Talmai king of Geshur;(H)

the fourth, Adonijah(I) the son of Haggith;

the fifth, Shephatiah the son of Abital;

and the sixth, Ithream the son of David’s wife Eglah.

These were born to David in Hebron.

Abner Goes Over to David

During the war between the house of Saul and the house of David, Abner(J) had been strengthening his own position in the house of Saul. Now Saul had had a concubine(K) named Rizpah(L) daughter of Aiah. And Ish-Bosheth said to Abner, “Why did you sleep with my father’s concubine?”

Abner was very angry because of what Ish-Bosheth said. So he answered, “Am I a dog’s head(M)—on Judah’s side? This very day I am loyal to the house of your father Saul and to his family and friends. I haven’t handed you over to David. Yet now you accuse me of an offense involving this woman! May God deal with Abner, be it ever so severely, if I do not do for David what the Lord promised(N) him on oath 10 and transfer the kingdom from the house of Saul and establish David’s throne over Israel and Judah from Dan to Beersheba.”(O) 11 Ish-Bosheth did not dare to say another word to Abner, because he was afraid of him.

12 Then Abner sent messengers on his behalf to say to David, “Whose land is it? Make an agreement with me, and I will help you bring all Israel over to you.”

13 “Good,” said David. “I will make an agreement with you. But I demand one thing of you: Do not come into my presence unless you bring Michal daughter of Saul when you come to see me.”(P) 14 Then David sent messengers to Ish-Bosheth son of Saul, demanding, “Give me my wife Michal,(Q) whom I betrothed to myself for the price of a hundred Philistine foreskins.”

15 So Ish-Bosheth gave orders and had her taken away from her husband(R) Paltiel(S) son of Laish. 16 Her husband, however, went with her, weeping behind her all the way to Bahurim.(T) Then Abner said to him, “Go back home!” So he went back.

17 Abner conferred with the elders(U) of Israel and said, “For some time you have wanted to make David your king. 18 Now do it! For the Lord promised David, ‘By my servant David I will rescue my people Israel from the hand of the Philistines(V) and from the hand of all their enemies.(W)’”

19 Abner also spoke to the Benjamites in person. Then he went to Hebron to tell David everything that Israel and the whole tribe of Benjamin(X) wanted to do. 20 When Abner, who had twenty men with him, came to David at Hebron, David prepared a feast(Y) for him and his men. 21 Then Abner said to David, “Let me go at once and assemble all Israel for my lord the king, so that they may make a covenant(Z) with you, and that you may rule over all that your heart desires.”(AA) So David sent Abner away, and he went in peace.

Joab Murders Abner

22 Just then David’s men and Joab returned from a raid and brought with them a great deal of plunder. But Abner was no longer with David in Hebron, because David had sent him away, and he had gone in peace. 23 When Joab and all the soldiers with him arrived, he was told that Abner son of Ner had come to the king and that the king had sent him away and that he had gone in peace.

24 So Joab went to the king and said, “What have you done? Look, Abner came to you. Why did you let him go? Now he is gone! 25 You know Abner son of Ner; he came to deceive you and observe your movements and find out everything you are doing.”

26 Joab then left David and sent messengers after Abner, and they brought him back from the cistern at Sirah. But David did not know it. 27 Now when Abner(AB) returned to Hebron, Joab took him aside into an inner chamber, as if to speak with him privately. And there, to avenge the blood of his brother Asahel, Joab stabbed him(AC) in the stomach, and he died.(AD)

28 Later, when David heard about this, he said, “I and my kingdom are forever innocent(AE) before the Lord concerning the blood of Abner son of Ner. 29 May his blood(AF) fall on the head of Joab and on his whole family!(AG) May Joab’s family never be without someone who has a running sore(AH) or leprosy[a] or who leans on a crutch or who falls by the sword or who lacks food.”

30 (Joab and his brother Abishai murdered Abner because he had killed their brother Asahel in the battle at Gibeon.)

31 Then David said to Joab and all the people with him, “Tear your clothes and put on sackcloth(AI) and walk in mourning(AJ) in front of Abner.” King David himself walked behind the bier. 32 They buried Abner in Hebron, and the king wept(AK) aloud at Abner’s tomb. All the people wept also.

33 The king sang this lament(AL) for Abner:

“Should Abner have died as the lawless die?
34     Your hands were not bound,
    your feet were not fettered.(AM)
You fell as one falls before the wicked.”

And all the people wept over him again.

35 Then they all came and urged David to eat something while it was still day; but David took an oath, saying, “May God deal with me, be it ever so severely,(AN) if I taste bread(AO) or anything else before the sun sets!”

36 All the people took note and were pleased; indeed, everything the king did pleased them. 37 So on that day all the people there and all Israel knew that the king had no part(AP) in the murder of Abner son of Ner.

38 Then the king said to his men, “Do you not realize that a commander and a great man has fallen(AQ) in Israel this day? 39 And today, though I am the anointed king, I am weak, and these sons of Zeruiah(AR) are too strong(AS) for me.(AT) May the Lord repay(AU) the evildoer according to his evil deeds!”

Footnotes

  1. 2 Samuel 3:29 The Hebrew for leprosy was used for various diseases affecting the skin.

As the war between the royal families of Saul and David dragged on, David’s family became stronger and stronger, and Saul’s family became weaker and weaker.

David’s Sons(A)

Sons were born to David while he was in Hebron. His first son was Amnon, born to Ahinoam from Jezreel. The second was Chileab, born to Abigail (who had been Nabal’s wife) from Carmel. The third was Absalom, whose mother was Maacah (the daughter of King Talmai) from Geshur. The fourth was Adonijah, whose mother was Haggith. The fifth was Shephatiah, whose mother was Abital. The sixth was Ithream, born to David’s wife Eglah. These sons were born to David while he was in Hebron.

Abner’s Death

During the war between the families of Saul and David, Abner strengthened his position in Saul’s royal family. Saul had a concubine[a] named Rizpah (Aiah’s daughter). Ishbosheth asked Abner, “Why did you have sex with my father’s concubine?”

Ishbosheth’s question made Abner very angry. “Have I been behaving like some Judean dog?”[b] he asked. “Until now I’ve been faithful to your father Saul’s family, to his relatives and friends, and I haven’t handed you over to David. But now you charge me with a crime because of this woman. May Elohim strike me dead unless I do for David what Yahweh had promised him with an oath: 10 ‘I, Yahweh, will transfer the kingship from Saul’s family and establish David’s throne over Israel and Judah from Dan to Beersheba.’” 11 Ishbosheth couldn’t respond to a single word, because he was afraid of Abner.

12 Then Abner sent messengers to David to speak on his behalf. “Who owns this country?” he asked. “Make an agreement with me,” he said. “I’ll support you and bring all Israel to you.”

13 “Good!” David answered. “I’ll make an agreement with you. But there’s one condition: You can’t come to see me unless you bring Michal, Saul’s daughter, when you come.”

14 Then David sent messengers to Saul’s son Ishbosheth to say, “Give me my wife Michal. I made a payment of 100 Philistine foreskins for her.”

15 So Ishbosheth sent men to take her from her husband Paltiel, son of Laish. 16 Her husband went with her and cried over her all the way to Bahurim. “Go home,” Abner told him. So he went home.

17 Meanwhile, Abner sent the following message to the leaders of Israel: “For some time now you’ve wanted to make David your king. 18 Do it now, because Yahweh said about David: ‘I will save my people Israel from the Philistines and all their other enemies through my servant David.’” 19 Abner also spoke specifically to the people of Benjamin.

Then Abner went directly to David in Hebron to tell him everything Israel and the entire tribe of Benjamin had approved. 20 So Abner came with 20 men to David in Hebron, and David had a feast for Abner and his men.

21 Abner told David, “I must go now so that I can gather all Israel for you, Your Majesty. They will make a treaty with you, and you will rule everything your heart desires.” Then David dismissed Abner, who left peacefully.

22 Just then David’s men and Joab were coming home from a raid with a lot of goods. Abner had been dismissed, so he was no longer with David in Hebron. 23 When Joab came back with the whole army, he was told, “Ner’s son Abner came to the king, but David dismissed him, and Abner left peacefully.”

24 Then Joab went to the king and asked, “What have you done? Abner came to see you. Why did you dismiss him and let him get away? 25 Certainly you must know that Ner’s son Abner came to deceive you, to find out about your movements and learn everything you’re doing!”

26 After leaving David, Joab sent messengers after Abner. They brought him back from the cistern of Sirah without David knowing about it. 27 When Abner returned to Hebron, Joab took him aside in the gateway as if to talk to him privately. There he stabbed Abner in the belly. Abner died because he spilled the blood of Joab’s brother Asahel.

28 Later when David heard about it, he said, “As far as Yahweh is concerned, my kingdom and I are forever innocent of spilling the blood of Ner’s son Abner. 29 May the blame fall on the head of Joab and all of his family. May there always be members of Joab’s family who have oozing sores and skin diseases, who can only work a spindle,[c] who die in battle, and who never have any food.” 30 (Joab and his brother Abishai killed Abner because he had killed their brother Asahel in the battle at Gibeon.)

31 David told Joab and all the people with him, “Tear your clothes, put on sackcloth, and mourn for Abner.” King David followed the open casket. 32 They buried Abner in Hebron. The king cried loudly at Abner’s grave, and all the people cried. 33 The king sang a funeral song for Abner:

    Should Abner die like a godless fool?
34 Your hands were not tied.
    Your feet were not chained.
    You fell as one falls in front of wicked men.

And all the people continued to cry for him.

35 That entire day all the people tried to get David to eat some food. But David had taken an oath: “May Elohim strike me dead if I taste any food or anything else before the sun goes down.” 36 Then all the people understood and approved of this, as all the people approved of everything the king did. 37 That day all the people of Israel knew the king wasn’t responsible for killing Ner’s son Abner. 38 The king said to his officers, “Don’t you know that today a leader, a great man, has fallen in Israel? 39 Today I’m weak, though I’m the anointed king. These men, Zeruiah’s sons, are too cruel for me. May Yahweh repay this evildoer as his evil deeds deserve.”

Footnotes

  1. 2 Samuel 3:7 A concubine is considered a wife except she has fewer rights under the law.
  2. 2 Samuel 3:8 English equivalent difficult.
  3. 2 Samuel 3:29 Spinning yarn and thread was normally done only by women and therefore was something only the weakest of men would do.