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2 Reyes 25
Dios Habla Hoy

25 1 El día diez del mes décimo del año noveno del reinado de Sedequías, el rey Nabucodonosor marchó con todo su ejército contra Jerusalén, y la sitió. Acampó frente a ella, y a su alrededor construyó rampas para atacarla. 2 La ciudad estuvo sitiada hasta el año once del reinado de Sedequías. 3 El día nueve del mes cuarto de ese año aumentó el hambre en la ciudad, y la gente no tenía ya nada que comer. 4 Entonces hicieron un boquete en las murallas de la ciudad, y aunque los caldeos la tenían sitiada, el rey y todos los soldados huyeron de la ciudad durante la noche. Salieron por la puerta situada entre las dos murallas, por el camino de los jardines reales, y tomaron el camino del valle del Jordán. 5 Pero los soldados caldeos persiguieron al rey Sedequías, y lo alcanzaron en la llanura de Jericó. Todo su ejército lo abandonó y se dispersó. 6 Los caldeos capturaron al rey y lo llevaron ante el rey de Babilonia, que estaba en Riblá, en el territorio de Hamat. Allí Nabucodonosor dictó sentencia contra Sedequías, 7 y en presencia de éste mandó degollar a sus hijos. En cuanto a Sedequías, mandó que le sacaran los ojos y que lo encadenaran para llevarlo a Babilonia.

Destrucción del templo(A)

8 El día siete del mes quinto del año diecinueve del reinado de Nabucodonosor, rey de Babilonia, Nebuzaradán, oficial del rey y comandante de la guardia real, llegó a Jerusalén 9 e incendió el templo, el palacio real y todas las casas de la ciudad, especialmente las casas de todos los personajes notables, 10 y el ejército caldeo que lo acompañaba derribó las murallas que rodeaban Jerusalén. 11 Luego Nebuzaradán llevó desterrados a Babilonia tanto a los que aún quedaban en la ciudad como a los que se habían puesto del lado del rey de Babilonia, y al resto de los artesanos. 12 Sólo dejó a algunos de entre la gente más pobre, para que cultivaran los viñedos y los campos.

13 Los caldeos hicieron pedazos los objetos de bronce que había en el templo: las columnas, las bases y la enorme pila para el agua, y se llevaron todo el bronce a Babilonia. 14 También se llevaron los ceniceros, las palas, las despabiladeras, los cucharones y todos los utensilios de bronce para el culto. 15 Igualmente, el comandante de la guardia se llevó todos los objetos de oro y plata: los braseros y los tazones. 16 Por lo que se refiere a las dos columnas, la enorme pila para el agua y las bases que el rey Salomón había mandado hacer para el templo, su peso no podía calcularse. 17 Cada columna tenía más de ocho metros de altura, y en su parte superior tenía un capitel de bronce, de más de dos metros de altura, alrededor del cual había una rejilla toda de bronce, adornada con granadas. Las dos columnas eran iguales.

Destierro del pueblo de Judá

18 El comandante de la guardia apresó también a Seraías, sumo sacerdote, a Sofonías, sacerdote que le seguía en dignidad, y a los tres guardianes del umbral del templo. 19 De la gente de la ciudad apresó al oficial que mandaba las tropas, a cinco hombres del servicio personal del rey que se encontraron en la ciudad, al funcionario militar que reclutaba hombres para el ejército y a sesenta ciudadanos notables que estaban en la ciudad. 20-21 Nebuzaradán llevó a todos estos ante el rey de Babilonia, que estaba en Riblá, en el territorio de Hamat. Allí el rey de Babilonia mandó que los mataran.

Así fue desterrado de su país el pueblo de Judá.

El grupo restante huye a Egipto(B)

22 Nabucodonosor, rey de Babilonia, nombró gobernador a Guedalías, hijo de Ahicam y nieto de Safán, para que se hiciera cargo de la gente que él había dejado en Judá. 23 Y cuando los jefes del ejército de Judá y sus hombres supieron esto, fueron a Mispá para hablar con Guedalías. Eran Ismael, hijo de Netanías; Johanán, hijo de Caréah; Seraías, hijo de Tanhúmet, de Netofá; y Jaazanías, hijo de un hombre de Maacá. Fueron acompañados de sus hombres. 24 Guedalías les hizo un juramento a ellos y a sus hombres, y les dijo que no tuvieran miedo de los oficiales caldeos, que se quedaran a vivir en el país y sirvieran al rey de Babilonia, y que les iría bien.

25 Pero en el mes séptimo, Ismael, hijo de Netanías y nieto de Elisamá, que era de la familia real de Judá, llegó acompañado de diez hombres, y entre todos mataron a Guedalías y a los judíos y caldeos que había con él en Mispá. 26 Entonces toda la gente, por miedo a los caldeos, se levantó y se fue a Egipto, lo mismo grandes y pequeños que oficiales del ejército.

Joaquín es libertado y recibe honores en Babilonia(C)

27 El día veintisiete del mes doce del año treinta y siete del destierro del rey Joaquín de Judá, comenzó a reinar en Babilonia el rey Evil-merodac, el cual se mostró bondadoso con Joaquín y lo sacó de la cárcel, 28 lo trató bien y le dio preferencia sobre los otros reyes que estaban con él en Babilonia. 29 De esta manera, Joaquín pudo quitarse la ropa que usaba en la prisión y comer con el rey por el resto de su vida. 30 Además, durante toda su vida, Joaquín recibió una pensión diaria de parte del rey de Babilonia.

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2 Kings 25
New English Translation

25 1 So King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon came against Jerusalem with his whole army and set up camp outside[a] it. They built siege ramps all around it. He arrived on the tenth day of the tenth month in the ninth year of Zedekiah’s reign.[b] 2 The city remained under siege until King Zedekiah’s eleventh year. 3 By the ninth day of the fourth month[c] the famine in the city was so severe the residents[d] had no food. 4 The enemy broke through the city walls,[e] and all the soldiers tried to escape. They left the city during the night.[f] They went through the gate between the two walls, which is near the king’s garden.[g] (The Babylonians were all around the city.) Then they headed for the rift valley.[h] 5 But the Babylonian army chased after the king. They caught up with him in the rift valley plains of Jericho,[i] and his entire army deserted him. 6 They captured the king and brought him up to the king of Babylon at Riblah,[j] where he[k] passed sentence on him. 7 Zedekiah’s sons were executed while Zedekiah was forced to watch.[l] The king of Babylon[m] then had Zedekiah’s eyes put out, bound him in bronze chains, and carried him off to Babylon.

Nebuchadnezzar Destroys Jerusalem

8 On the seventh[n] day of the fifth month,[o] in the nineteenth year of King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon, Nebuzaradan, the captain of the royal guard,[p] who served the king of Babylon, arrived in Jerusalem. 9 He burned down the Lord’s temple, the royal palace, and all the houses in Jerusalem, including every large house.[q] 10 The whole Babylonian army that came with the captain of the royal guard tore down the walls that surrounded Jerusalem. 11 Nebuzaradan, the captain of the royal guard, deported the rest of the people who were left in the city, those who had deserted to the king of Babylon, and the rest of the craftsmen.[r] 12 But he[s] left behind some of the poor of the land and gave them fields and vineyards.

13 The Babylonians broke the two bronze pillars in the Lord’s temple, as well as the movable stands and the big bronze basin called “The Sea.”[t] They took the bronze to Babylon. 14 They also took the pots, shovels,[u] trimming shears,[v] pans, and all the bronze utensils used by the priests.[w] 15 The captain of the royal guard took the golden and silver censers[x] and basins. 16 The bronze of the items that King Solomon made for the Lord’s temple—including the two pillars, the big bronze basin called “The Sea,” the twelve bronze bulls under “The Sea,”[y] and the movable stands—was too heavy to be weighed. 17 Each of the pillars was about twenty-seven feet[z] high. The bronze top of one pillar was about 4½ feet[aa] high and had bronze latticework and pomegranate-shaped ornaments all around it. The second pillar with its latticework was like it.

18 The captain of the royal guard took Seraiah, the chief priest, and Zephaniah, the priest who was second in rank, and the three doorkeepers. 19 From the city he took a eunuch who was in charge of the soldiers, five[ab] of the king’s advisers[ac] who were discovered in the city, an official army secretary who drafted citizens[ad] for military service, and sixty citizens from the people of the land who were discovered in the city. 20 Nebuzaradan, captain of the royal guard, took them and brought them to the king of Babylon at Riblah. 21 The king of Babylon ordered them to be executed[ae] at Riblah in the territory[af] of Hamath. So Judah was deported from its land.

Gedaliah Appointed Governor

22 Now King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon appointed Gedaliah son of Ahikam, son of Shaphan, as governor over the people whom he allowed to remain in the land of Judah.[ag] 23 All the officers of the Judahite army[ah] and their troops heard that the king of Babylon had appointed Gedaliah to govern. So they came to Gedaliah at Mizpah. The officers who came were Ishmael son of Nethaniah, Johanan son of Kareah, Seraiah son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite, and Jaazaniah son of the Maacathite. 24 Gedaliah took an oath so as to give them and their troops some assurance of safety.[ai] He said, “You don’t need to be afraid to submit to the Babylonian officials. Settle down in the land and submit to the king of Babylon. Then things will go well for you.” 25 But in the seventh month[aj] Ishmael son of Nethaniah, son of Elishama, who was a member of the royal family,[ak] came with ten of his men and murdered Gedaliah,[al] as well as the Judeans and Babylonians who were with him at Mizpah. 26 Then all the people, from the youngest to the oldest, as well as the army officers, left for[am] Egypt, because they were afraid of what the Babylonians might do.

Jehoiachin in Babylon

27 In the thirty-seventh year of the exile of King Jehoiachin of Judah, on the twenty-seventh[an] day of the twelfth month,[ao] King Evil Merodach of Babylon, in the first year of his reign, pardoned[ap] King Jehoiachin of Judah and released him[aq] from prison. 28 He spoke kindly to him and gave him a more prestigious position than[ar] the other kings who were with him in Babylon. 29 Jehoiachin[as] took off his prison clothes and ate daily in the king’s presence for the rest of his life. 30 He was given daily provisions by the king for the rest of his life until the day he died.[at]

Footnotes

  1. 2 Kings 25:1 tn Or “against.”
  2. 2 Kings 25:1 sn This would have been Jan 15, 588 b.c. The reckoning is based on the calendar that begins the year in the spring (Nisan = March/April).
  3. 2 Kings 25:3 tn The MT has simply “of the month,” but the parallel passage in Jer 52:6 has “fourth month,” and this is followed by almost all English translations. The word “fourth,” however, is not actually present in the MT of 2 Kgs 25:3.sn According to modern reckoning that would have been July 18, 586 b.c. The siege thus lasted almost a full eighteen months.
  4. 2 Kings 25:3 tn Heb “the people of the land.”
  5. 2 Kings 25:4 tn Heb “the city was breached.”
  6. 2 Kings 25:4 tn The Hebrew text is abrupt here: “And all the men of war by the night.” The translation attempts to capture the sense.
  7. 2 Kings 25:4 sn The king’s garden is mentioned again in Neh 3:15 in conjunction with the pool of Siloam and the stairs that go down from the City of David. This would have been in the southern part of the city near the Tyropean Valley which agrees with the reference to the “two walls” which were probably the walls on the eastern and western hills.
  8. 2 Kings 25:4 sn The rift valley (עֲרָבָה, ʿarabah) extends northward of the Dead Sea past Galilee and southward to the Gulf of Aqaba. Here the southern part of the Jordan Valley is in view with the intention to escape across the Jordan river to Moab or Ammon. It appears from Jer 40:14; 41:15 that the Ammonites were known to harbor fugitives from the Babylonians.
  9. 2 Kings 25:5 sn The rift valley plains of Jericho refer to the parts of the Jordan Valley in the vicinity of Jericho (see HALOT 880 s.v. עֲרָבָה). There the terrain is fairly level and slopes gently down to the Jordan, a descent of about 450 feet over five miles. Many translations render this as “the plains of Jericho” (ESV, NASB, NIV, KJV). See the note at Num 22:1.
  10. 2 Kings 25:6 sn Riblah was a strategic town on the Orontes River in Syria. It was at a crossing of the major roads between Egypt and Mesopotamia. Pharaoh Necho had earlier received Jehoahaz there and put him in chains (2 Kgs 23:33) prior to taking him captive to Egypt. Nebuchadnezzar had set up his base camp for conducting his campaigns against the Palestinian states there and was now sitting in judgment on prisoners brought to him.
  11. 2 Kings 25:6 tn The Hebrew text has the plural form of the verb, but the parallel passage in Jer 52:9 has the singular.
  12. 2 Kings 25:7 tn Heb “were killed before his eyes.”
  13. 2 Kings 25:7 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the king of Babylon) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  14. 2 Kings 25:8 tn The parallel account in Jer 52:12 has “tenth.”
  15. 2 Kings 25:8 sn The seventh day of the month would have been August 14, 586 b.c. in modern reckoning.
  16. 2 Kings 25:8 tn For the meaning of this phrase see BDB 371 s.v. טַבָּח 2, and compare the usage in Gen 39:1.
  17. 2 Kings 25:9 tn Heb “and every large house he burned down with fire.”
  18. 2 Kings 25:11 tc The MT has “the multitude.” But הֶהָמוֹן (hehamon) should probably be emended to הֶאָמוֹן (heʾamon). See Jeremiah 52:15.
  19. 2 Kings 25:12 tn Heb “the captain of the royal guard.” However, the subject is clear from the preceding and contemporary English style would normally avoid repeating the proper name and title.
  20. 2 Kings 25:13 tn Heb “the bronze pillars that were in the Lord’s house and the stands and the bronze sea that were in the Lord’s house the Babylonians broke.”sn See the note at 1 Kgs 7:23.
  21. 2 Kings 25:14 sn These shovels were used to clean the altar.
  22. 2 Kings 25:14 sn These were used to trim the wicks.
  23. 2 Kings 25:14 tn Heb “with which they served [or, ‘fulfilled their duty’].”
  24. 2 Kings 25:15 sn These held the embers used for the incense offerings.
  25. 2 Kings 25:16 tc The MT lacks “the twelve bronze bulls under ‘the Sea,’” but these words have probably been accidentally omitted by homoioarcton. The scribe’s eye may have jumped from the וְהָ (veha) on וְהַבָּקָר (vehabbaqar), “and the bulls,” to the וְהָ on וְהַמְּכֹנוֹת (vehammekhonot), “and the movable stands,” causing him to leave out the intervening words. See the parallel passage in Jer 52:20.
  26. 2 Kings 25:17 tn Heb “18 cubits.” The standard cubit in the OT is assumed by most authorities to be about 18 inches (45 cm) long.
  27. 2 Kings 25:17 tn Heb “3 cubits.” The parallel passage in Jer 52:22 has “five.”
  28. 2 Kings 25:19 tn The parallel passage in Jer 52:25 has “seven.”
  29. 2 Kings 25:19 tn Heb “five men seeing the king’s face.”
  30. 2 Kings 25:19 tn Heb “the people of the land.”
  31. 2 Kings 25:21 tn Heb “struck them down and killed them.”
  32. 2 Kings 25:21 tn Heb “land.”
  33. 2 Kings 25:22 tn Heb “And the people who were left in the land of Judah, whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon left, he appointed over them Gedaliah son of Ahikam, son of Shaphan.”
  34. 2 Kings 25:23 tn Heb “of the army.” The word “Judahite” has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
  35. 2 Kings 25:24 tn The words “so as to give them…some assurance of safety” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
  36. 2 Kings 25:25 sn It is not altogether clear whether this is in the same year that Jerusalem fell or not. The wall was breached in the fourth month (= early July; Jer 39:2) and Nebuzaradan came and burned the palace, the temple, and many of the houses and tore down the wall in the fifth month (= early August; Jer 52:12). That would have left time between the fifth month and the seventh month (October) to gather in the harvest of grapes, dates and figs, and olives (Jer 40:12). However, many commentators feel that too much activity takes place in too short a time for this to have been in the same year and posit that it happened the following year or even five years later when a further deportation took place, possibly in retaliation for the murder of Gedaliah and the Babylonian garrison at Mizpah (Jer 52:30). The assassination of Gedaliah had momentous consequences and was commemorated in one of the post exilic fast days lamenting the fall of Jerusalem (Zech 8:19).
  37. 2 Kings 25:25 tn Heb “[was] from the seed of the kingdom.”
  38. 2 Kings 25:25 tn Heb “and they struck down Gedaliah and he died.”
  39. 2 Kings 25:26 tn Heb “arose and went to.”
  40. 2 Kings 25:27 sn The parallel account in Jer 52:31 has “twenty-fifth.”
  41. 2 Kings 25:27 sn The twenty-seventh day would be March 22, 561 b.c. in modern reckoning.
  42. 2 Kings 25:27 tn Heb “lifted up the head of.”
  43. 2 Kings 25:27 tn The words “released him” are supplied in the translation on the basis of Jer 52:31.
  44. 2 Kings 25:28 tn Heb “made his throne above the throne of.”
  45. 2 Kings 25:29 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jehoiachin) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  46. 2 Kings 25:30 tc The words “until the day he died” do not appear in the MT, but they are included in the parallel passage in Jer 52:34. Probably they have been accidentally omitted by homoioteleuton. A scribe’s eye jumped from the final vav (ו) on בְּיוֹמוֹ (beyomo), “in his day,” to the final vav (ו) on מוֹתוֹ (moto), “his death,” leaving out the intervening words.
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2 Kings 25
New International Version

25 So in the ninth(A) year of Zedekiah’s reign, on the tenth day of the tenth month, Nebuchadnezzar(B) king of Babylon marched against Jerusalem with his whole army. He encamped outside the city and built siege works(C) all around it. 2 The city was kept under siege until the eleventh year of King Zedekiah.

3 By the ninth day of the fourth[a] month the famine(D) in the city had become so severe that there was no food for the people to eat. 4 Then the city wall was broken through,(E) and the whole army fled at night through the gate between the two walls near the king’s garden, though the Babylonians[b] were surrounding(F) the city. They fled toward the Arabah,[c] 5 but the Babylonian[d] army pursued the king and overtook him in the plains of Jericho. All his soldiers were separated from him and scattered,(G) 6 and he was captured.(H)

He was taken to the king of Babylon at Riblah,(I) where sentence was pronounced on him. 7 They killed the sons of Zedekiah before his eyes. Then they put out his eyes, bound him with bronze shackles and took him to Babylon.(J)

8 On the seventh day of the fifth month, in the nineteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, Nebuzaradan commander of the imperial guard, an official of the king of Babylon, came to Jerusalem. 9 He set fire(K) to the temple of the Lord, the royal palace and all the houses of Jerusalem. Every important building he burned down.(L) 10 The whole Babylonian army under the commander of the imperial guard broke down the walls(M) around Jerusalem. 11 Nebuzaradan the commander of the guard carried into exile(N) the people who remained in the city, along with the rest of the populace and those who had deserted to the king of Babylon.(O) 12 But the commander left behind some of the poorest people(P) of the land to work the vineyards and fields.

13 The Babylonians broke(Q) up the bronze pillars, the movable stands and the bronze Sea that were at the temple of the Lord and they carried the bronze to Babylon. 14 They also took away the pots, shovels, wick trimmers, dishes(R) and all the bronze articles(S) used in the temple service. 15 The commander of the imperial guard took away the censers and sprinkling bowls—all that were made of pure gold or silver.(T)

16 The bronze from the two pillars, the Sea and the movable stands, which Solomon had made for the temple of the Lord, was more than could be weighed. 17 Each pillar(U) was eighteen cubits[e] high. The bronze capital on top of one pillar was three cubits[f] high and was decorated with a network and pomegranates of bronze all around. The other pillar, with its network, was similar.

18 The commander of the guard took as prisoners Seraiah(V) the chief priest, Zephaniah(W) the priest next in rank and the three doorkeepers.(X) 19 Of those still in the city, he took the officer in charge of the fighting men, and five royal advisers. He also took the secretary who was chief officer in charge of conscripting the people of the land and sixty of the conscripts who were found in the city. 20 Nebuzaradan the commander took them all and brought them to the king of Babylon at Riblah. 21 There at Riblah,(Y) in the land of Hamath, the king had them executed.(Z)

So Judah went into captivity,(AA) away from her land.(AB)

22 Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon appointed Gedaliah(AC) son of Ahikam,(AD) the son of Shaphan, to be over the people he had left behind in Judah. 23 When all the army officers and their men heard that the king of Babylon had appointed Gedaliah as governor, they came to Gedaliah at Mizpah—Ishmael son of Nethaniah, Johanan son of Kareah, Seraiah son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite, Jaazaniah the son of the Maakathite, and their men. 24 Gedaliah took an oath to reassure them and their men. “Do not be afraid of the Babylonian officials,” he said. “Settle down in the land and serve the king of Babylon, and it will go well with you.”

25 In the seventh month, however, Ishmael son of Nethaniah, the son of Elishama, who was of royal blood, came with ten men and assassinated(AE) Gedaliah and also the men of Judah and the Babylonians who were with him at Mizpah.(AF) 26 At this, all the people from the least to the greatest, together with the army officers, fled to Egypt(AG) for fear of the Babylonians.

Jehoiachin Released(AH)

27 In the thirty-seventh year of the exile of Jehoiachin king of Judah, in the year Awel-Marduk became king of Babylon, he released Jehoiachin(AI) king of Judah from prison. He did this on the twenty-seventh day of the twelfth month. 28 He spoke kindly(AJ) to him and gave him a seat of honor(AK) higher than those of the other kings who were with him in Babylon. 29 So Jehoiachin put aside his prison clothes and for the rest of his life ate regularly at the king’s table.(AL) 30 Day by day the king gave Jehoiachin a regular allowance as long as he lived.(AM)

Footnotes

  1. 2 Kings 25:3 Probable reading of the original Hebrew text (see Jer. 52:6); Masoretic Text does not have fourth.
  2. 2 Kings 25:4 Or Chaldeans; also in verses 13, 25 and 26
  3. 2 Kings 25:4 Or the Jordan Valley
  4. 2 Kings 25:5 Or Chaldean; also in verses 10 and 24
  5. 2 Kings 25:17 That is, about 27 feet or about 8.1 meters
  6. 2 Kings 25:17 That is, about 4 1/2 feet or about 1.4 meters
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