2 Mose 28
Hoffnung für Alle
Die Kleidung der Priester
28 »Ruf deinen Bruder Aaron und seine Söhne Nadab, Abihu, Eleasar und Itamar herbei! Von allen Israeliten habe ich sie ausgewählt, mir als Priester zu dienen. 2 Lass für deinen Bruder Aaron Kleider anfertigen, würdevoll und prächtig, seinem heiligen Priesteramt angemessen! 3 Gib diesen Auftrag an alle aus deinem Volk weiter, die ich dazu begabt und mit Weisheit erfüllt habe. Sie sollen die Gewänder anfertigen, in denen Aaron zum Priester geweiht wird und mir dient.
4 Die Priesterkleidung besteht aus folgenden Teilen: der Brusttasche, dem Priesterschurz, dem Obergewand, dem gewebten Untergewand, dem Turban und dem Gürtel. Diese heiligen Kleidungsstücke sollen für deinen Bruder Aaron und seine Nachfolger angefertigt werden. Dann kann er mir als Priester dienen. 5 Die Stoffe für die Priesterkleidung sind die gleichen wie für das Zelt: violette, purpurrote und karmesinrote Wolle, feines Leinen und Goldfäden.«
Der Priesterschurz
6 »Der Priesterschurz soll aus Goldfäden, aus violetter, purpurroter und karmesinroter Wolle sowie aus feinem Leinen angefertigt werden, bunt und kunstvoll gewebt. 7 Er soll zwei Bänder haben, die über die Schultern gelegt und vorn und hinten an ihm befestigt werden. 8 Außerdem soll ein Gürtel daran sein, mit dem der Schurz zusammengebunden werden kann. Er besteht aus denselben Stoffen: aus Goldfäden, violetter, purpurroter und karmesinroter Wolle sowie aus feinem Leinen.
9 Dann such zwei kostbare Onyx-Steine aus und lass die Namen der zwölf Stämme Israels darauf eingravieren: 10 jeweils sechs Namen auf einen Stein, in der Reihenfolge, in der die Stammväter geboren wurden. 11 So wie man ein Siegel in Stein eingraviert, sollen die Namen der Stämme in die Edelsteine eingraviert werden. Dann lass die Steine in Gold fassen 12 und auf die Schulterstücke des Priesterschurzes aufsetzen. Wenn Aaron in das Heiligtum geht, trägt er die Namen der Israeliten auf seinen Schultern, und ich, der Herr, werde dann stets an sie denken.
13 Lass außerdem zwei goldene Spangen für die Schulterstücke schmieden, 14 dazu zwei Kettchen aus reinem Gold, wie Schnüre gedreht. Die Kettchen sollen mit den Spangen verbunden werden.«
Die Brusttasche
15 »Lass eine Brusttasche anfertigen; in ihr sollen die Lose aufbewahrt werden, mit denen ihr meinen Willen erfragen könnt. Sie soll kunstvoll gestaltet sein und aus den gleichen Stoffen gewebt werden wie der Priesterschurz: aus Goldfäden, violetter, purpurroter und karmesinroter Wolle sowie aus feinem Leinen. 16 Die Tasche soll quadratisch sein, jede Seite 25 Zentimeter lang; dazu wird der Stoff doppelt gelegt.
17 Lass die Tasche mit vier Reihen goldgefasster Edelsteine besetzen. Die erste Reihe besteht aus je einem Karneol, Topas und Smaragd, 18 die zweite Reihe aus einem Rubin, Saphir und Jaspis, 19 die dritte Reihe aus einem Hyazinth, Achat und Amethyst, 20 die vierte Reihe aus einem Türkis, Onyx und Nephrit. 21 Die zwölf Steine stehen für die zwölf Stämme Israels; auf jedem Stein soll ein Stammesname eingraviert werden, auf dieselbe Art, wie man ein Siegel herstellt.
22 An der Brusttasche sollen die goldenen gedrehten Kettchen angebracht werden. 23-24 Zur Befestigung dienen zwei goldene Ringe an den beiden oberen Ecken der Tasche. 25 Die anderen Enden der beiden Kettchen führen zu den goldenen Spangen vorn an den Schulterbändern des Priesterschurzes. 26 Auch an den unteren Ecken der Tasche sollen zwei goldene Ringe befestigt werden, und zwar auf der Innenseite, die dem Priesterschurz zugewandt ist. 27 Zwei weitere Ringe aus Gold werden von vorne mit den Schulterstücken des Priesterschurzes verbunden, an deren unterem Ende, dicht bei dem Gürtel, der den Priesterschurz hält. 28 Die Ringe der Brusttasche sollen mit Schnüren aus violettem Purpur mit den Ringen am Priesterschurz verbunden werden. So liegt die Brusttasche oberhalb des Gürtels und kann nicht verrutschen.
29 Wenn Aaron dann ins Heiligtum geht, trägt er die Steine mit den Namen der Stämme Israels an seinem Herzen. So werde ich immer an mein Volk erinnert.
30 In der Brusttasche sollen die beiden Lose ›Urim‹ und ›Tummim‹ aufbewahrt werden. Diese Lose zeigen an, was ich für das Volk Israel entscheide; darum soll Aaron sie immer bei sich haben, wenn er zu mir ins Heiligtum kommt.«
Das Obergewand
31 »Lass ein Obergewand aus violetter Wolle weben, das der Priester unter dem Priesterschurz tragen soll! 32 Die Halsöffnung in der Mitte soll mit einem gewebten Kragen verstärkt werden, damit sie nicht einreißt, ähnlich wie bei einem ledernen Panzerhemd. 33-34 Am unteren Saum des Gewandes werden ringsum Granatäpfel aus violettem, purpurrotem und karmesinrotem Stoff angebracht und dazwischen kleine goldene Glöckchen, immer abwechselnd.
35 Aaron soll das Gewand tragen, wenn er seinen Dienst ausübt. Man soll das Klingeln hören, wenn er zu mir ins Heiligtum hereinkommt und wenn er wieder hinausgeht. Dann wird er nicht sterben.«
Das Schild auf der Stirn, das Untergewand und der Turban
36 »Lass auch ein kleines Schild aus reinem Gold anfertigen und die Worte eingravieren: ›Dem Herrn geweiht‹! 37 Mit einer Schnur aus violettem Purpur soll es vorn am Turban befestigt werden, 38 so dass es auf Aarons Stirn liegt. Er soll es immer zum Dienst im Heiligtum tragen, weil die Israeliten ein Gebot übersehen könnten, wenn sie mir ihre Opfer darbringen. Doch wenn Aaron mit dem Schild auf der Stirn vor mich tritt, werde ich ihre Schuld vergeben und mich an ihren Gaben erfreuen.
39 Das Untergewand soll aus feinem Leinen gewebt werden, ebenfalls der Turban. Schließlich sollst du noch den bunten Gürtel machen lassen.«
Die Ausstattung der Priester
40 »Auch Aarons Söhne erhalten Gewänder, Gürtel und Turbane, damit sie würdevoll für ihr Amt gekleidet sind. 41 Leg deinem Bruder Aaron und seinen Söhnen ihre Gewänder an! Salbe sie, indem du Öl auf ihren Kopf gießt! Setze sie in ihr Amt ein und weihe sie für den Dienst in meinem Heiligtum! Sie allein sollen mir als Priester dienen.
42 Lass noch leinene Hosen für sie anfertigen, die von der Hüfte bis zu den Oberschenkeln hinabreichen, damit sie unter ihrem Gewand nicht nackt sind. 43 Aaron und seine Söhne sollen die Hosen tragen, wenn sie in das heilige Zelt oder zum Altar kommen, um mir zu opfern. Dann werden sie keine Schuld auf sich laden und müssen nicht sterben. Diese Ordnung gilt Aaron und seinen Nachkommen für alle Zeiten!«
Exodus 28
New American Bible (Revised Edition)
Chapter 28
The Priestly Vestments. 1 (A)Have your brother Aaron, and with him his sons, brought to you, from among the Israelites, that they may be my priests: Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron’s sons. 2 For the glorious adornment of your brother Aaron you shall have sacred vestments made. 3 Therefore, tell the various artisans whom I have endowed with skill[a] to make vestments for Aaron to consecrate him as my priest. 4 These are the vestments they shall make: a breastpiece, an ephod, a robe, a brocade tunic, a turban, and a sash. In making these sacred vestments which your brother Aaron and his sons are to wear in serving as my priests, 5 they shall use gold, violet, purple, and scarlet yarn and fine linen.
The Ephod and Breastpiece. 6 The ephod[b] they shall make of gold thread and of violet, purple, and scarlet yarn, embroidered on cloth of fine linen twined.(B) 7 It shall have a pair of shoulder straps joined to its two upper ends. 8 The embroidered belt of the ephod shall extend out from it and, like it, be made of gold thread, of violet, purple, and scarlet yarn, and of fine linen twined.
9 Get two onyx stones and engrave on them the names of the sons of Israel: 10 six of their names on one stone, and the names of the remaining six on the other stone, in the order of their birth. 11 As a gem-cutter engraves a seal, so shall you have the two stones engraved with the names of the sons of Israel and then mounted in gold filigree work. 12 Set these two stones on the shoulder straps of the ephod as memorial stones of the sons of Israel. Thus Aaron shall bear their names on his shoulders as a reminder before the Lord. 13 Make filigree rosettes of gold,(C) 14 as well as two chains of pure gold, twisted like cords, and fasten the cordlike chains to the filigree rosettes.
15 (D)The breastpiece[c] of decision you shall also have made, embroidered like the ephod with gold thread and violet, purple, and scarlet yarn on cloth of fine linen twined. 16 It is to be square when folded double, a span high and a span wide. 17 [d]On it you shall mount four rows of precious stones: in the first row, a carnelian, a topaz, and an emerald; 18 in the second row, a garnet, a sapphire, and a beryl; 19 in the third row, a jacinth, an agate, and an amethyst; 20 in the fourth row, a chrysolite, an onyx, and a jasper. These stones are to be mounted in gold filigree work, 21 twelve of them to match the names of the sons of Israel, each stone engraved like a seal with the name of one of the twelve tribes.
22 When the chains of pure gold, twisted like cords, have been made for the breastpiece, 23 you shall then make two rings of gold for it and fasten them to the two upper ends of the breastpiece. 24 The gold cords are then to be fastened to the two rings at the upper ends of the breastpiece, 25 the other two ends of the cords being fastened in front to the two filigree rosettes which are attached to the shoulder straps of the ephod. 26 Make two other rings of gold and put them on the two lower ends of the breastpiece, on its edge that faces the ephod. 27 Then make two more rings of gold and fasten them to the bottom of the shoulder straps next to where they join the ephod in front, just above its embroidered belt. 28 Violet ribbons shall bind the rings of the breastpiece to the rings of the ephod, so that the breastpiece will stay right above the embroidered belt of the ephod and not swing loose from it.
29 Whenever Aaron enters the sanctuary, he will thus bear the names of the sons of Israel on the breastpiece of decision over his heart as a constant reminder before the Lord. 30 In this breastpiece of decision(E) you shall put the Urim and Thummim,[e] that they may be over Aaron’s heart whenever he enters the presence of the Lord. Thus he shall always bear the decisions for the Israelites over his heart in the presence of the Lord.
Other Vestments. 31 The robe of the ephod(F) you shall make entirely of violet material. 32 It shall have an opening for the head in the center, and around this opening there shall be a selvage, woven as at the opening of a shirt, to keep it from being torn. 33 At the hem at the bottom you shall make pomegranates, woven of violet, purple, and scarlet yarn and fine linen twined, with gold bells between them; 34 a gold bell, a pomegranate, a gold bell, a pomegranate, all around the hem of the robe. 35 Aaron shall wear it when ministering, that its sound may be heard as he enters and leaves the Lord’s presence in the sanctuary; else he will die.
36 You shall also make a plate of pure gold and engrave on it, as on a seal engraving, “Sacred to the Lord.” 37 This plate is to be tied over the turban with a violet ribbon in such a way that it rests on the front of the turban,(G) 38 over Aaron’s forehead. Since Aaron bears whatever guilt the Israelites may incur in consecrating any of their sacred gifts, this plate must always be over his forehead, so that they may find favor with the Lord.
39 (H)The tunic of fine linen shall be brocaded. The turban shall be made of fine linen. The sash shall be of variegated work.
40 Likewise, for the glorious adornment of Aaron’s sons you shall have tunics and sashes and skullcaps made, for glorious splendor. 41 With these you shall clothe your brother Aaron and his sons. Anoint and install them,[f] consecrating them as my priests. 42 You must also make linen pants for them, to cover their naked flesh from their loins to their thighs.(I) 43 Aaron and his sons shall wear them whenever they go into the tent of meeting or approach the altar to minister in the sanctuary, lest they incur guilt and die. This shall be a perpetual ordinance for him and for his descendants.
Footnotes
- 28:3 Artisans…endowed with skill: lit., “wise of heart,” and “filled with a spirit of wisdom.” In Hebrew wisdom includes practical skills. Cf. 35:35; 36:1–2.
- 28:6 Ephod: this Hebrew word is retained in the translation because it is the technical term for a peculiar piece of the priestly vestments, the exact nature of which is uncertain. It seems to have been a sort of apron that hung from the shoulders of the priest by shoulder straps (v. 7) and was tied around his waist by the loose ends of the attached belt (v. 8).
- 28:15–30 Breastpiece: an approximately nine-inch square, pocketlike receptacle for holding the Urim and Thummim (v. 30). It formed an integral part of the ephod, to which it was attached by an elaborate system of rings and chains. Both the ephod and its breastpiece were made of brocaded linen. Span: Heb. zeret, the distance between the top of the little finger and the thumb; one half a cubit, approximately nine inches.
- 28:17–20 The translation of the Hebrew names of some of these gems is quite conjectural.
- 28:30 Urim and Thummim: both the meaning of these Hebrew words and the exact nature of the objects so designated are uncertain. They were apparently lots of some kind which were drawn or cast by the priest to ascertain God’s decision on particular questions. Hence, the pocket in which they were kept was called “the breastpiece of decision.”
- 28:41 Install them: lit., “fill their hands,” a technical expression used for the installation of priests.
Exodus 28
New International Version
The Priestly Garments
28 “Have Aaron(A) your brother brought to you from among the Israelites, along with his sons Nadab and Abihu,(B) Eleazar and Ithamar,(C) so they may serve me as priests.(D) 2 Make sacred garments(E) for your brother Aaron to give him dignity and honor.(F) 3 Tell all the skilled workers(G) to whom I have given wisdom(H) in such matters that they are to make garments for Aaron, for his consecration, so he may serve me as priest. 4 These are the garments they are to make: a breastpiece,(I) an ephod,(J) a robe,(K) a woven tunic,(L) a turban(M) and a sash. They are to make these sacred garments for your brother Aaron and his sons, so they may serve me as priests. 5 Have them use gold, and blue, purple and scarlet yarn, and fine linen.(N)
The Ephod(O)
6 “Make the ephod(P) of gold, and of blue, purple and scarlet yarn, and of finely twisted linen—the work of skilled hands. 7 It is to have two shoulder pieces attached to two of its corners, so it can be fastened. 8 Its skillfully woven waistband(Q) is to be like it—of one piece with the ephod and made with gold, and with blue, purple and scarlet yarn, and with finely twisted linen.
9 “Take two onyx stones and engrave(R) on them the names of the sons of Israel 10 in the order of their birth—six names on one stone and the remaining six on the other. 11 Engrave the names of the sons of Israel on the two stones the way a gem cutter engraves a seal. Then mount the stones in gold filigree settings 12 and fasten them on the shoulder pieces of the ephod as memorial stones for the sons of Israel. Aaron is to bear the names on his shoulders(S) as a memorial(T) before the Lord. 13 Make gold filigree settings 14 and two braided chains of pure gold, like a rope, and attach the chains to the settings.
The Breastpiece(U)
15 “Fashion a breastpiece(V) for making decisions—the work of skilled hands. Make it like the ephod: of gold, and of blue, purple and scarlet yarn, and of finely twisted linen. 16 It is to be square—a span[a] long and a span wide—and folded double. 17 Then mount four rows of precious stones(W) on it. The first row shall be carnelian, chrysolite(X) and beryl; 18 the second row shall be turquoise, lapis lazuli and emerald; 19 the third row shall be jacinth, agate and amethyst; 20 the fourth row shall be topaz, onyx and jasper.[b] Mount them in gold filigree settings. 21 There are to be twelve stones, one for each of the names of the sons of Israel,(Y) each engraved like a seal with the name of one of the twelve tribes.(Z)
22 “For the breastpiece make braided chains of pure gold, like a rope. 23 Make two gold rings for it and fasten them to two corners of the breastpiece. 24 Fasten the two gold chains to the rings at the corners of the breastpiece, 25 and the other ends of the chains to the two settings, attaching them to the shoulder pieces of the ephod at the front. 26 Make two gold rings and attach them to the other two corners of the breastpiece on the inside edge next to the ephod. 27 Make two more gold rings and attach them to the bottom of the shoulder pieces on the front of the ephod, close to the seam just above the waistband of the ephod. 28 The rings of the breastpiece are to be tied to the rings of the ephod with blue cord, connecting it to the waistband, so that the breastpiece will not swing out from the ephod.
29 “Whenever Aaron enters the Holy Place,(AA) he will bear the names of the sons of Israel over his heart on the breastpiece of decision as a continuing memorial before the Lord. 30 Also put the Urim and the Thummim(AB) in the breastpiece, so they may be over Aaron’s heart whenever he enters the presence of the Lord. Thus Aaron will always bear the means of making decisions for the Israelites over his heart before the Lord.
Other Priestly Garments(AC)
31 “Make the robe of the ephod entirely of blue cloth, 32 with an opening for the head in its center. There shall be a woven edge like a collar[c] around this opening, so that it will not tear. 33 Make pomegranates(AD) of blue, purple and scarlet yarn around the hem of the robe, with gold bells between them. 34 The gold bells and the pomegranates are to alternate around the hem of the robe. 35 Aaron must wear it when he ministers. The sound of the bells will be heard when he enters the Holy Place before the Lord and when he comes out, so that he will not die.
36 “Make a plate(AE) of pure gold and engrave on it as on a seal: holy to the Lord.(AF) 37 Fasten a blue cord to it to attach it to the turban; it is to be on the front of the turban. 38 It will be on Aaron’s forehead, and he will bear the guilt(AG) involved in the sacred gifts the Israelites consecrate, whatever their gifts may be. It will be on Aaron’s forehead continually so that they will be acceptable(AH) to the Lord.
39 “Weave the tunic(AI) of fine linen and make the turban(AJ) of fine linen. The sash is to be the work of an embroiderer. 40 Make tunics, sashes and caps for Aaron’s sons(AK) to give them dignity and honor.(AL) 41 After you put these clothes(AM) on your brother Aaron and his sons, anoint(AN) and ordain them. Consecrate them so they may serve me as priests.(AO)
42 “Make linen undergarments(AP) as a covering for the body, reaching from the waist to the thigh. 43 Aaron and his sons must wear them whenever they enter the tent of meeting(AQ) or approach the altar to minister in the Holy Place,(AR) so that they will not incur guilt and die.(AS)
“This is to be a lasting ordinance(AT) for Aaron and his descendants.
Footnotes
- Exodus 28:16 That is, about 9 inches or about 23 centimeters
- Exodus 28:20 The precise identification of some of these precious stones is uncertain.
- Exodus 28:32 The meaning of the Hebrew for this word is uncertain.
Hoffnung für Alle® (Hope for All) Copyright © 1983, 1996, 2002 by Biblica, Inc.®
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