Die Rechte israelitischer Sklaven und Sklavinnen (5. Mose 15,12‒18)

21 »Gib den Israeliten folgende Gesetze weiter:

Wenn ein Israelit sich wegen seiner Armut als Sklave an einen anderen Israeliten verkauft hat, soll er sechs Jahre lang für ihn arbeiten. Im siebten Jahr soll er freigelassen werden, ohne dass ihn jemand freikaufen muss.

Ist er unverheiratet gekommen, soll er auch als Lediger wieder gehen. Ist er als Verheirateter gekommen, soll er zusammen mit seiner Frau wieder gehen. Hat ihm jedoch sein Herr während dieser Zeit eine Frau gegeben, mit der er nun Kinder hat, dann bleiben die Frau und die Kinder Eigentum des Herrn. Nur der Sklave selbst wird im siebten Jahr wieder frei.

Doch wenn er an seinem Herrn hängt, wenn er seine Frau und die Kinder liebt und darum nicht frei sein will, soll sein Herr mit ihm zum Heiligtum kommen und die Entscheidung dort bestätigen lassen. Danach soll er den Sklaven an den Türpfosten stellen und mit einem spitzen Werkzeug ein Loch in sein Ohrläppchen bohren. Nun muss der Sklave auf Lebenszeit bei seinem Herrn bleiben.

Wenn jemand seine Tochter als Sklavin verkauft hat, darf sie im siebten Jahr nicht zu denselben Bedingungen freigelassen werden wie ein Sklave. Wenn ihr Herr sie für sich als Ehefrau bestimmt hatte, sie ihm aber nicht gefällt, muss er ihren Verwandten anbieten, sie freizukaufen. Er hat nicht das Recht, sie an Ausländer weiterzuverkaufen, denn er hat sein Eheversprechen nicht gehalten.

Hat er sie für seinen Sohn als Frau bestimmt, muss er sie rechtlich einer Tochter gleichstellen.

10 Wenn er sie jedoch selber heiratet und nach ihr noch eine zweite Frau nimmt, darf er die erste nicht benachteiligen. Er muss ihr Nahrung und Kleidung geben und wie bisher den ehelichen Verkehr mit ihr pflegen. 11 Wenn er diese drei Verpflichtungen ihr gegenüber nicht erfüllt, muss er sie freilassen, ohne Geld für sie zu bekommen.«

Strafen für schwere Verbrechen

12 »Wer einen Menschen schlägt und dabei so schwer verletzt, dass er stirbt, muss mit dem Tod bestraft werden. 13 Hat er ihn aber nicht mit Absicht getötet, sondern durch einen Unfall, den ich, euer Gott, geschehen ließ, dann soll er an einen Ort fliehen, den ich bestimmen werde. 14 Doch wer einen Menschen vorsätzlich und heimtückisch umbringt, der muss sterben. Selbst wenn er an meinem Altar Schutz sucht, sollt ihr ihn von dort wegholen und töten.

15 Wer seinen Vater oder seine Mutter schlägt, soll mit dem Tod bestraft werden.

16 Wer einen Menschen entführt, muss ebenfalls getötet werden, ganz gleich ob der Entführte schon als Sklave verkauft wurde oder sich noch in der Gewalt des Entführers befindet.

17 Auch wer seinen Vater oder seine Mutter verflucht, muss sterben.«

Körperverletzungen

18 »Wenn ein Mann einen anderen im Streit mit einem Stein oder der Faust so verletzt, dass er zwar nicht stirbt, aber bettlägerig wird, dann soll der Schuldige bestraft werden. 19 Er kann nur dann straffrei bleiben, wenn der Verletzte wieder aufstehen und am Stock umhergehen kann. Er muss ihn aber auf jeden Fall gesundpflegen lassen und für die Zeit entschädigen, in der er nicht arbeiten konnte.

20-21 Schlägt ein Herr seinen Sklaven mit einem Stock so sehr, dass er auf der Stelle stirbt, muss der Besitzer die gerechte Strafe bekommen. Ist der Sklave aber nach ein bis zwei Tagen wieder auf den Beinen, soll der Besitzer nicht bestraft werden; der Sklave ist schließlich sein Eigentum.[a] Dasselbe gilt für Sklavinnen.

22 Wenn Männer im Streit handgreiflich werden und dabei eine schwangere Frau so stoßen, dass sie eine Frühgeburt[b] hat, aber keine weiteren Verletzungen erleidet, soll dem Schuldigen eine Geldstrafe auferlegt werden. Die Höhe der Strafe wird vom Ehemann festgelegt und muss durch ein Gericht bestätigt werden.

23 Wenn die Frau oder das Kind aber einen Schaden davontragen,[c] dann wird die Strafe nach dem Grundsatz festgelegt: Leben um Leben, 24 Auge um Auge, Zahn um Zahn, Hand um Hand, Fuß um Fuß, 25 Brandmal um Brandmal, Wunde um Wunde, Strieme um Strieme.

26 Wenn ein Herr seinen Sklaven so schlägt, dass er dabei ein Auge verliert, soll er ihn zur Entschädigung freilassen. 27 Schlägt er ihm einen Zahn aus, soll er ihn dafür ebenfalls freilassen. Dasselbe gilt für Sklavinnen.«

Schadensersatz

28 »Wenn ein Rind einen Mann oder eine Frau so stößt, dass sie sterben, muss das Rind gesteinigt werden, und niemand darf von seinem Fleisch essen; der Besitzer aber geht straffrei aus. 29 Falls aber das Rind schon vorher auf Menschen losgegangen ist und der Besitzer es trotz Warnung nicht eingesperrt hat, muss das Tier gesteinigt werden, und auch der Besitzer soll sterben. 30 Ihr könnt ihm aber die Möglichkeit geben, sich durch ein Sühnegeld freizukaufen. Dieses Geld muss er in voller Höhe zahlen.

31 Das gilt auch dann, wenn das Tier einen Jungen oder ein Mädchen tödlich verletzt hat. 32 Tötet das Rind einen Sklaven oder eine Sklavin, muss der Besitzer ihrem Herrn 30 Silberstücke bezahlen, und das Tier soll gesteinigt werden.

33 Wenn jemand die Abdeckung von einer Zisterne wegnimmt oder eine Zisterne neu aushebt und die Öffnung nicht zudeckt, und ein Rind oder Esel fällt hinein, 34 dann muss der Besitzer der Zisterne Schadensersatz leisten. Er soll dem Besitzer des Tieres den Wert erstatten, das tote Tier aber gehört ihm.

35 Wenn ein Rind das eines anderen niederstößt und tötet, sollen beide Besitzer das lebende Rind verkaufen und sich den Erlös teilen; ebenso sollen sie das tote Tier unter sich aufteilen. 36 Wenn aber das Rind schon vorher auf andere Tiere losgegangen ist und sein Besitzer es trotz Warnung nicht eingesperrt hat, dann muss er das tote Rind durch eines seiner Tiere ersetzen; das getötete Tier aber gehört ihm.«

Gesetze zum Schutz des Eigentums

37 »Hat jemand ein Rind oder Schaf gestohlen und es geschlachtet oder verkauft, dann soll er für ein gestohlenes Rind fünf Rinder erstatten und für ein gestohlenes Schaf vier Schafe.

Footnotes

  1. 21,20‒21 Oder: Bleibt der Sklave aber noch ein bis zwei Tage am Leben, soll der Besitzer nicht bestraft werden; der Verlust seines Eigentums ist Strafe genug.
  2. 21,22 Oder: Fehlgeburt.
  3. 21,23 Oder: Wenn die Frau aber noch weiteren Schaden erleidet.

ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା ଓ ଆଜ୍ଞା

21 ଏହା ପରେ ପରମେଶ୍ୱର ମୋଶାଙ୍କୁ କହିଲେ, “ଏଗୁଡ଼ିକ ହେଉଛି ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା ତୁମ୍ଭେ ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କୁ ଜଣାଇବ।

“ଯଦି ତୁମ୍ଭେ ଜଣେ ଏବ୍ରୀୟ କ୍ରୀତଦାସ ନିଅ, ତେବେ ସେ ଛଅ ବର୍ଷ ତୁମ୍ଭର ସେବା କରିବ। ସପ୍ତମ ବର୍ଷରେ ସେ ମୁକ୍ତ ହୋଇଯିବ। ତାକୁ ଆଉ କିଛି ମୂଲ୍ୟ ଦେବାକୁ ପଡ଼ିବ ନାହିଁ। ଯଦି ସେହି ଲୋକ ଜଣକ ବିବାହିତ ନ ହୋଇଥାଏ, ତେବେ ସେ ଏକାକୀ ଯିବ ଓ ଯଦି ସେ ବିବାହିତ ହୋଇଥାଏ ତେବେ ସେ ମୁକ୍ତ ହେବା ସମୟରେ ତା'ର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀକୁ ସାଙ୍ଗରେ ନେଇଯିବ। ଯଦି ତା'ର ମୁନିବ ତାକୁ ବିବାହ କରି ଦେଇଥାଏ, ଯଦି ସେହି ସ୍ତ୍ରୀଠାରୁ ପୁତ୍ରକନ୍ୟା ଜନ୍ମ ହୋଇଥାଏ, ତେବେ ତା'ର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଓ ପୁତ୍ରକନ୍ୟା ଉପରେ ଅଧିକାର ରହିବ। ଏବଂ ଛଅ ବର୍ଷପରେ ତାକୁ ମୁକ୍ତ କରାଯିବ।

“ମାତ୍ର ଏପରି ହୋଇପାରେ ଯେ ସେ ଦାସ କହିପାରେ ମୁଁ ମୋର ମୁନିବ ନିକଟରେ ରହିବି। ଯଦି ସେ କହେ, ‘ମୁଁ ମୋର ମୁନିବକୁ ଭଲ ପାଏ, ମୁଁ ମୋର ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ, ପୁତ୍ରକନ୍ୟାକୁ ପ୍ରେମ କରେ, ମୁଁ ମୁକ୍ତ ହେବାକୁ ଗ୍ଭହୁଁ ନାହିଁ, ମୁଁ ଏଠାରେ ରହିବି।’ ଯଦି ଏପରି ଘଟେ, ତେବେ ତା'ର ମୁନିବ ତାଙ୍କୁ ପରମେଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ସମ୍ମୁଖକୁ ଆଣିବ, ତା'ର ମୁନିବ ତାକୁ କବାଟ ବା ବାଜୁବନ୍ଧ ନିକଟକୁ ଆଣି ବିନ୍ଧାଣୀରେ ତା'ର କାନ ବିନ୍ଧିବ, ତହିଁରେ ସେ ସଦାକାଳ ତା'ର ସେବା କରିବ।

“ଜଣେ ଲୋକ ତା'ର କନ୍ୟାକୁ ଦାସୀଭାବେ ବିକ୍ରୟ କରି ପାରିବ, ଯଦି ଏପରି ହୁଏ, ଅନ୍ୟ ଦାସମାନେ ମୁକ୍ତ ହେଲା ପରି ସେ ମୁକ୍ତ ହୋଇ ପାରିବ ନାହିଁ। ଯଦି ତା'ର ମୁନିବ ତା’ ଉପରେ ସନ୍ତୁଷ୍ଟ ନୁହେଁ, ତେବେ ତା'ର ବିବାହ ଠିକ୍ କରି ନ ପାରେ, ତେବେ ତାକୁ ପୁନରାୟ ତା'ର ପିତାକୁ ବିକ୍ରୟ କରିଦେଇ ପାରେ ତାକୁ କୌଣସି ବିଦେଶୀକୁ ସେ ବିକ୍ରୟ କରି ପାରିବ ନାହିଁ, କାରଣ ସେ ତାକୁ ଅବିଶ୍ୱସ୍ତ ଭାବରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିଛି। ଯଦି ତା'ର ମୁନିବ ତାକୁ ତା'ର ପୁତ୍ରବଧୁ କରିବାକୁ କହିଥାଏ, ତେବେ ତାକୁ ଦାସୀ ଭାବରେ ବିବେଚନା କରାଯାଇ ପାରିବ ନାହିଁ। ତାକୁ ତାଙ୍କର କନ୍ୟାପରି ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯିବ।

10 “ଯଦି ମୁନିବ ଅନ୍ୟ ଜଣେ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀକୁ ବିବାହ କରେ, ତେବେ ସେ ପ୍ରଥମ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀକୁ କେବେ ଅସୁବିଧାରେ ପକାଇବ ନାହିଁ। ତା'ର ବିବାହୋଚିତ କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ ଯଥା: ଖାଦ୍ୟ, ବସ୍ତ୍ରରେ ଓ ଶାରିରୀକ ସମ୍ପର୍କରୁ ବଞ୍ଚିତ କରିବ ନାହିଁ। 11 ସେହି ଲୋକ ଏହିସବୁ କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ ସମ୍ପାଦନ କରିବା ଉଚିତ୍। ଯଦି ଏଥିରେ ସେ ତୃଟି କରେ ତେବେ ସେହି ସ୍ତ୍ରୀ ଜଣକ ନିଜେ ବିନାମୂଲ୍ୟରେ ମୁକ୍ତ ହୋଇଯିବ।

12 “ଯଦି ଜଣେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଅନ୍ୟ ଜଣେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିକୁ ଆଘାତ କରେ ଓ ହତ୍ୟାକରେ, ତେବେ ଆଘାତ କରିଥିବା ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିକୁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁଦଣ୍ଡ ଦିଆଯିବା ଉଚିତ୍। 13 ଯଦି ସେ ତାକୁ ହତ୍ୟା କରିବାକୁ ଗ୍ଭହୁଁ ନ ଥିଲା କିନ୍ତୁ ପରମେଶ୍ୱର ତାକୁ ସମର୍ପଣ କଲେ, ସେ ଯେଉଁଠାକୁ ଗଲେ ସେମାନେ ତାକୁ ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ ଜାଗା ଦେବେ। 14 କିନ୍ତୁ ଯଦି ଜଣେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଇଚ୍ଛା କରି କିମ୍ବା ରାଗରେ ଅନ୍ୟଜଣକୁ ହତ୍ୟା କରେ, ତେବେ ହତ୍ୟାକାରୀ ନିଶ୍ଚିତ ମୃତ୍ୟୁଦଣ୍ଡ ପାଇବ। ତାକୁ ମୋର ଯଜ୍ଞବେଦି ପାଖରୁ ନେଇଯାଅ ଓ ହତ୍ୟା କର।

15 “ଯଦି କୌଣସି ଲୋକ ତା'ର ପିତା କିମ୍ବା ମାତାକୁ ଆଘାତ କରେ ତେବେ ତାକୁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁଦଣ୍ଡ ଦିଆଯିବ।

16 “ଯଦି ଜଣେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଅନ୍ୟ ଜଣେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିକୁ ଅପହରଣ କରି ବିକ୍ରୟ କରେ କିମ୍ବା ଦାସ ଭାବରେ ରଖେ, ତେବେ ତାକୁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁଦଣ୍ଡ ଦିଆଯିବା ଉଚିତ୍।

17 “ଯଦି କେହି ତା'ର ପିତାମାତାଙ୍କୁ ଅଭିଶାପ ଦିଏ ତେବେ ତା'ର ମୃତ୍ୟୁଦଣ୍ଡ ହେବ।

18 “ଯଦି ଦୁଇ ଲୋକ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ବିବାଦ ଉପୁଜିବାରୁ କେହି ଅନ୍ୟକୁ ପଥରରେ ଆଘାତ କରେ ବା ହସ୍ତରେ ଆଘାତ କରେ ଏବଂ ସେ ଆଘାତପ୍ରାପ୍ତ ଲୋକ ନ ମରେ ତେବେ ମାରିଥିବା ଲୋକକୁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁଦଣ୍ଡ ଦିଆଯିବ ନାହିଁ। 19 ଆଘାତପ୍ରାପ୍ତ ଲୋକ ଯଦି ଶଯ୍ୟାଶାୟୀ ହୁଏ ଏବଂ ବିଛଣାରୁ ଉଠିପାରେ ଏବଂ ସେ ଆଶାବାଡ଼ି ଧରି ଗ୍ଭଲିପାରେ। ତେବେ ଆଘାତ ଦେଇଥିବା ଲୋକ ତା'ର କ୍ଷତି ଭରଣା କରିବ ଏବଂ ସେ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଆରୋଗ୍ୟ ହେବା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ତା'ର ସହାୟତା କରିବ।

20 “ବେଳେ ବେଳେ ମୁନିବ ତା'ର ଦାସୀକୁ କିମ୍ବା ଦାସକୁ ମାଡ଼ ମାରେ, ଯଦି ଆଘାତପ୍ରାପ୍ତ ହୋଇ ଦାସଟି ମରିଯାଏ, ତେବେ ତା'ର ମୁନିବକୁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁଦଣ୍ଡ ଦିଆଯିବା ଉଚିତ୍। 21 ଯଦି ସେହି ଦାସ ମାଡ଼ ହେବା ଦିନଠାରୁ ଦିନେ ବା ଦୁଇ ଦିନ ବଞ୍ଚେ, ତେବେ ତାକୁ ଆଉ ଦଣ୍ଡ ଦିଆଯିବ ନାହିଁ। କାରଣ, ମୁନିବ ତାକୁ ପଇସା ବିନିମୟରେ କ୍ରୟ କରିଥାଏ ଏବଂ ଦାସଟି ତା'ର ସମ୍ପୁର୍ଣ୍ଣ ନିଜର ହୋଇଥାଏ।

22 “ଆଉ ପୁରୁଷମାନେ ପରସ୍ପର ବିବାଦ କରୁ କରୁ କୌଣସି ଗର୍ଭବତୀ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀକୁ ପ୍ରହାର କଲେ, ଯେବେ ତା'ର ଗର୍ଭପାତ ହୁଏ ମାତ୍ର ପରେ ତା'ର ଯଦି କ୍ଷତି ନ ଘଟେ, ତେବେ ସେହି ସ୍ତ୍ରୀର ସ୍ୱାମୀ ଯେଉଁରୂପେ ଦାବି କରିବ ସେହି ଅନୁସାରେ ତାକୁ ଅବଶ୍ୟ ଅର୍ଥଦଣ୍ଡ ହେବ। ପୁଣି ସେ ବିଗ୍ଭରକର୍ତ୍ତାମାନଙ୍କ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଧାରଣ ଅନୁସାରେ ଦେବ। 23 ଯଦି ଜଣେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଜୋ‌‌ର୍‌‌ରେ ଆଘାତ ପ୍ରାପ୍ତ ହୁଏ, ତେବେ ଆଘାତକାରୀ ଜୀବନ ବଦଳରେ ଜୀବନ ଦେବ। 24 ଚକ୍ଷୁ ପରିଶୋଧରେ ଚକ୍ଷୁ, ହାତ ପରିଶୋଧରେ ହାତ, ପାଦ ପରିଶୋଧରେ ପାଦ, 25 ବାହୁ ପରିଶୋଧରେ ବାହୁ, କ୍ଷତ ପରିଶୋଧରେ କ୍ଷତ, ଦାଗ ପରିଶୋଧରେ ଦାଗ ଦଣ୍ଡ ଦିଆଯିବ।

26 “ଯଦି କେହି ତା'ର ଦାସ କିମ୍ବା ଦାସୀକୁ ଆଘାତ କରିବା ସମୟରେ ତା'ର ଚକ୍ଷୁ ନଷ୍ଟ ହୋଇଯାଏ ତେବେ ତାକୁ ମୁକ୍ତ କରି ଦିଆଯିବ। 27 ଯଦି କେହି ମୁନିବ ତା'ର ଦାସର ମୁହଁରେ ଆଘାତ କରେ ଓ ସେ ଯଦି ତା'ର ଦାନ୍ତ ହରାଏ ତେବେ ତା'ର ଦାନ୍ତ ପାଇଁ ତାକୁ ମୁକ୍ତ କରି ଦିଆଯିବ।

28 “ଯଦି କୌଣସି ଲୋକର ବଳଦ କାହାରିକୁ ମାରିଦିଏ, ତେବେ ତା'ର ମୁନିବ ଦୋଷୀ ହେବ ନାହିଁ କିନ୍ତୁ ସେହି ବଳଦକୁ ପଥର ଦ୍ୱାରା ମରାଯିବ ଓ ତା'ର ମାଂସ ଖିଆଯିବ ନାହିଁ। 29 ଯଦି ଆଗରୁ ପ୍ରମାଣ ଥାଏ ଯେ ସେହି ବଳଦ ଆଗରୁ କାହାରିକୁ ମାରିଛି, କିନ୍ତୁ ତା'ର ମୁନିବ ତାକୁ ବାନ୍ଧି ରଖି ନାହିଁ, ଯଦି ସେ କାହାରିକୁ ହତ୍ୟା କରେ ତେବେ ତା'ର ମୁନିବକୁ ମଧ୍ୟ ହତ୍ୟା କରାଯିବ। 30 ଯଦି ବିଗ୍ଭରକର୍ତ୍ତାଙ୍କ ନିଷ୍ପତ୍ତି ଅନୁସାରେ ସେ ଅର୍ଥ ପୈଠ କରେ ଏବଂ ମୃତ ଲୋକର କେହି ଆତ୍ମୀୟ ସେହି ଅର୍ଥକୁ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରେ ତେବେ ଆଉ ତାକୁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ଦଣ୍ଡ ଦିଆଯିବ ନାହିଁ।

31 “ଏହି ନିୟମ ମଧ୍ୟ ବଳଦ ମାରି ଦେଇଥିବା ପୁତ୍ର, କନ୍ୟା ଏବଂ ଲୋକଙ୍କ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ପ୍ରଜୁଯ୍ୟ ହେବ। 32 କିନ୍ତୁ ଯଦି ବଳଦ ଯେବେ କାହାର ଦାସ କି ଦାସୀକୁ ଆଘାତ କରେ, ତେବେ ସେ ତା'ର ପ୍ରଭୁକୁ ତିରିଶ୍ ଶେକଲ ରୂପା ଦେବ। ଆଉ ବଳଦକୁ ପ୍ରସ୍ତର ଦ୍ୱାରା ହତ୍ୟା କରାଯିବ।

33 “ଯଦି ଜଣେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଖୋଳିଥିବା କୂଅ ବା ଗାତ ଖୋଲା ରଖିଥାଏ ଏବଂ ଯଦି ତା’ ଭିତରେ ଏକ ବଳଦ କିମ୍ବା ଏକ ଗଧ ପଡ଼ିଯାଏ ତେବେ ଯେଉଁ ଲୋକ ତାକୁ ଖୋଳିଥିବ ସେ ଦୋଷୀ ଭାବେ ଗଣାଯିବ। 34 ସେହି ଲୋକ ଜଣକ ସେହି ପଶୁ ପାଇଁ ଅର୍ଥ ଦେବାକୁ ପଡ଼ିବ। ଯଦି ସେ ଅର୍ଥ ପୈଠ କରେ, ସେହି ପଶୁ ପାଇଁ, ତେବେ ସେ ତା'ର ମୃତ ଦେହକୁ ରଖିବା ପାଇଁ ଅନୁମତି ଦେବ।

35 “ଯଦି କୌଣସି ଲୋକର ବଳଦ କାହାରି ବଳଦକୁ ହତ୍ୟା କରେ, ତେବେ ସେମାନେ ସେହି ଜୀବିତ ଗୋରୁକୁ ବିକ୍ରୟ କରି ଦୁଇଭାଗ କରିବେ ଏବଂ ମୃତ ଗୋରୁକୁ ମଧ୍ୟ ଦୁଇଭାଗ କରି ନେବେ। 36 ମାତ୍ର ତା'ର ଗୋରୁ ପୂର୍ବରୁ ବିନ୍ଧୁଥିବା ଜାଣି ଯଦି ତା'ର ମୁନିବ ତାକୁ ବାନ୍ଧି ନ ରଖେ, ତେବେ ସେ ଗୋରୁ ପରିଶୋଧରେ ଗୋରୁ ନେବ ମାତ୍ର ମୃତ ଗୋରୁ ତା'ର ନିଜର ହେବ।

21 Now these are the judgments which thou shalt set before them.

If thou buy an Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve: and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing.

If he came in by himself, he shall go out by himself: if he were married, then his wife shall go out with him.

If his master have given him a wife, and she have born him sons or daughters; the wife and her children shall be her master's, and he shall go out by himself.

And if the servant shall plainly say, I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free:

Then his master shall bring him unto the judges; he shall also bring him to the door, or unto the door post; and his master shall bore his ear through with an aul; and he shall serve him for ever.

And if a man sell his daughter to be a maidservant, she shall not go out as the menservants do.

If she please not her master, who hath betrothed her to himself, then shall he let her be redeemed: to sell her unto a strange nation he shall have no power, seeing he hath dealt deceitfully with her.

And if he have betrothed her unto his son, he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters.

10 If he take him another wife; her food, her raiment, and her duty of marriage, shall he not diminish.

11 And if he do not these three unto her, then shall she go out free without money.

12 He that smiteth a man, so that he die, shall be surely put to death.

13 And if a man lie not in wait, but God deliver him into his hand; then I will appoint thee a place whither he shall flee.

14 But if a man come presumptuously upon his neighbour, to slay him with guile; thou shalt take him from mine altar, that he may die.

15 And he that smiteth his father, or his mother, shall be surely put to death.

16 And he that stealeth a man, and selleth him, or if he be found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death.

17 And he that curseth his father, or his mother, shall surely be put to death.

18 And if men strive together, and one smite another with a stone, or with his fist, and he die not, but keepeth his bed:

19 If he rise again, and walk abroad upon his staff, then shall he that smote him be quit: only he shall pay for the loss of his time, and shall cause him to be thoroughly healed.

20 And if a man smite his servant, or his maid, with a rod, and he die under his hand; he shall be surely punished.

21 Notwithstanding, if he continue a day or two, he shall not be punished: for he is his money.

22 If men strive, and hurt a woman with child, so that her fruit depart from her, and yet no mischief follow: he shall be surely punished, according as the woman's husband will lay upon him; and he shall pay as the judges determine.

23 And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life for life,

24 Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot,

25 Burning for burning, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.

26 And if a man smite the eye of his servant, or the eye of his maid, that it perish; he shall let him go free for his eye's sake.

27 And if he smite out his manservant's tooth, or his maidservant's tooth; he shall let him go free for his tooth's sake.

28 If an ox gore a man or a woman, that they die: then the ox shall be surely stoned, and his flesh shall not be eaten; but the owner of the ox shall be quit.

29 But if the ox were wont to push with his horn in time past, and it hath been testified to his owner, and he hath not kept him in, but that he hath killed a man or a woman; the ox shall be stoned, and his owner also shall be put to death.

30 If there be laid on him a sum of money, then he shall give for the ransom of his life whatsoever is laid upon him.

31 Whether he have gored a son, or have gored a daughter, according to this judgment shall it be done unto him.

32 If the ox shall push a manservant or a maidservant; he shall give unto their master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned.

33 And if a man shall open a pit, or if a man shall dig a pit, and not cover it, and an ox or an ass fall therein;

34 The owner of the pit shall make it good, and give money unto the owner of them; and the dead beast shall be his.

35 And if one man's ox hurt another's, that he die; then they shall sell the live ox, and divide the money of it; and the dead ox also they shall divide.

36 Or if it be known that the ox hath used to push in time past, and his owner hath not kept him in; he shall surely pay ox for ox; and the dead shall be his own.

21 “These are the laws(A) you are to set before them:

Hebrew Servants(B)(C)

“If you buy a Hebrew servant,(D) he is to serve you for six years. But in the seventh year, he shall go free,(E) without paying anything. If he comes alone, he is to go free alone; but if he has a wife when he comes, she is to go with him. If his master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or daughters, the woman and her children shall belong to her master, and only the man shall go free.

“But if the servant declares, ‘I love my master and my wife and children and do not want to go free,’(F) then his master must take him before the judges.[a](G) He shall take him to the door or the doorpost and pierce(H) his ear with an awl. Then he will be his servant for life.(I)

“If a man sells his daughter as a servant, she is not to go free as male servants do. If she does not please the master who has selected her for himself,[b] he must let her be redeemed. He has no right to sell her to foreigners, because he has broken faith with her. If he selects her for his son, he must grant her the rights of a daughter. 10 If he marries another woman, he must not deprive the first one of her food, clothing and marital rights.(J) 11 If he does not provide her with these three things, she is to go free, without any payment of money.

Personal Injuries

12 “Anyone who strikes a person with a fatal blow is to be put to death.(K) 13 However, if it is not done intentionally, but God lets it happen, they are to flee to a place(L) I will designate. 14 But if anyone schemes and kills someone deliberately,(M) that person is to be taken from my altar and put to death.(N)

15 “Anyone who attacks[c] their father or mother is to be put to death.

16 “Anyone who kidnaps someone is to be put to death,(O) whether the victim has been sold(P) or is still in the kidnapper’s possession.

17 “Anyone who curses their father or mother is to be put to death.(Q)

18 “If people quarrel and one person hits another with a stone or with their fist[d] and the victim does not die but is confined to bed, 19 the one who struck the blow will not be held liable if the other can get up and walk around outside with a staff; however, the guilty party must pay the injured person for any loss of time and see that the victim is completely healed.

20 “Anyone who beats their male or female slave with a rod must be punished if the slave dies as a direct result, 21 but they are not to be punished if the slave recovers after a day or two, since the slave is their property.(R)

22 “If people are fighting and hit a pregnant woman and she gives birth prematurely[e] but there is no serious injury, the offender must be fined whatever the woman’s husband demands(S) and the court allows. 23 But if there is serious injury, you are to take life for life,(T) 24 eye for eye, tooth for tooth,(U) hand for hand, foot for foot, 25 burn for burn, wound for wound, bruise for bruise.

26 “An owner who hits a male or female slave in the eye and destroys it must let the slave go free to compensate for the eye. 27 And an owner who knocks out the tooth of a male or female slave must let the slave go free to compensate for the tooth.

28 “If a bull gores a man or woman to death, the bull is to be stoned to death,(V) and its meat must not be eaten. But the owner of the bull will not be held responsible. 29 If, however, the bull has had the habit of goring and the owner has been warned but has not kept it penned up(W) and it kills a man or woman, the bull is to be stoned and its owner also is to be put to death. 30 However, if payment is demanded, the owner may redeem his life by the payment of whatever is demanded.(X) 31 This law also applies if the bull gores a son or daughter. 32 If the bull gores a male or female slave, the owner must pay thirty shekels[f](Y) of silver to the master of the slave, and the bull is to be stoned to death.

33 “If anyone uncovers a pit(Z) or digs one and fails to cover it and an ox or a donkey falls into it, 34 the one who opened the pit must pay the owner for the loss and take the dead animal in exchange.

35 “If anyone’s bull injures someone else’s bull and it dies, the two parties are to sell the live one and divide both the money and the dead animal equally. 36 However, if it was known that the bull had the habit of goring, yet the owner did not keep it penned up,(AA) the owner must pay, animal for animal, and take the dead animal in exchange.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 21:6 Or before God
  2. Exodus 21:8 Or master so that he does not choose her
  3. Exodus 21:15 Or kills
  4. Exodus 21:18 Or with a tool
  5. Exodus 21:22 Or she has a miscarriage
  6. Exodus 21:32 That is, about 12 ounces or about 345 grams