Hezekiah’s Illness and Recovery

20 In those days^(A) Hezekiah became terminally ill.^(B) The prophet Isaiah^(C) son of Amoz came and said to him, “This is what the Lord says: ‘Set your house in order, for you are about to die; you will not recover.’”^(D)

² Then Hezekiah turned his face to the wall^(E) and prayed to the Lord, ³ “Please, Lord, remember^(F) how I have walked before you faithfully and wholeheartedly and have done what pleases you.”^[a](G) And Hezekiah wept bitterly.^(H)

⁴ Isaiah had not yet gone out of the inner courtyard when the word of the Lord came to him: ⁵ “Go back and tell Hezekiah, the leader^(I) of my people, ‘This is what the Lord God of your ancestor David says: I have heard your prayer;^(J) I have seen your tears. Look, I will heal you. On the third day from now you will go up to the Lord’s temple. ⁶ I will add fifteen years to your life. I will rescue you and this city from the grasp of the king of Assyria. I will defend this city for my sake and for the sake of my servant David.’”^(K)

⁷ Then Isaiah said, “Bring a lump of pressed figs.” So they brought it and applied it to his infected skin, and he recovered.^(L)

⁸ Hezekiah had asked Isaiah, “What is the sign^(M) that the Lord will heal me and that I will go up to the Lord’s temple on the third day?”

⁹ Isaiah said, “This is the sign^(N) to you from the Lord that he will do what he has promised: Should the shadow go ahead ten steps or go back ten steps?”

¹⁰ Then Hezekiah answered, “It’s easy for the shadow to lengthen ten steps. No, let the shadow go back ten steps.” ¹¹ So the prophet Isaiah called out to the Lord, and he brought the shadow^[b] back the ten steps it had descended on the stairway of Ahaz.^[c](O)

Hezekiah’s Folly

¹² At that time^(P) Merodach-baladan^[d] son of Baladan, king of Babylon, sent letters and a gift to Hezekiah since he heard that he had been sick. ¹³ Hezekiah listened to the letters and showed the envoys his whole treasure house—the silver, the gold, the spices, and the precious oil—and his armory, and everything that was found in his treasuries. There was nothing in his palace and in all his realm that Hezekiah did not show them.^(Q)

¹⁴ Then the prophet Isaiah came to King Hezekiah and asked him, “Where did these men come from and what did they say to you?”

Hezekiah replied, “They came from a distant country, from Babylon.”

¹⁵ Isaiah asked, “What have they seen in your palace?”

Hezekiah answered, “They have seen everything in my palace. There isn’t anything in my treasuries that I didn’t show them.”

¹⁶ Then Isaiah said to Hezekiah, “Hear the word of the Lord: ¹⁷ ‘Look, the days are coming when everything in your palace and all that your predecessors have stored up until today will be carried off to Babylon; nothing will be left,’^(R) says the Lord. ¹⁸ ‘Some of your descendants—who come from you, whom you father—will be taken away,^(S) and they will become eunuchs^[e] in the palace of the king of Babylon.’”^(T)

¹⁹ Then Hezekiah said to Isaiah, “The word of the Lord that you have spoken is good,”^(U) for he thought, “Why not, if there will be peace and security during my lifetime?”

Hezekiah’s Death

²⁰ The rest of the events of Hezekiah’s reign, along with all his might and how he made the pool^(V) and the tunnel and brought water into the city,^(W) are written in the Historical Record of Judah’s Kings.^{(X) 21} Hezekiah rested with his ancestors, and his son Manasseh became king in his place.^(Y)

Judah’s King Manasseh

21 Manasseh^(Z) was twelve years old when he became king, and he reigned fifty-five years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Hephzibah.^{(AA) 2} He did what was evil in the Lord’s sight,^(AB) imitating the detestable practices of the nations that the Lord had dispossessed before the Israelites.^{(AC) 3} He rebuilt the high places that his father Hezekiah had destroyed^(AD) and reestablished the altars for Baal. He made an Asherah,^(AE) as King Ahab of Israel had done;^(AF) he also bowed in worship to all the stars in the sky^(AG) and served them. ⁴ He built altars in the Lord’s temple,^(AH) where the Lord had said, “Jerusalem is where I will put my name.”^{(AI) 5} He built altars to all the stars in the sky^(AJ) in both courtyards of the Lord’s temple.^{(AK) 6} He sacrificed his son in the fire,^[f](AL) practiced witchcraft and divination, and consulted mediums and spiritists.^(AM) He did a huge amount of evil in the Lord’s sight, angering him.^(AN)

⁷ Manasseh set up the carved image of Asherah, which he made, in the temple that the Lord had spoken about to David and his son Solomon: “I will establish my name forever in this temple and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel.^{(AO) 8} I will never again cause the feet of the Israelites to wander from the land I gave to their ancestors if only they will be careful to do all I have commanded them—the whole law that my servant Moses commanded them.”^{(AP) 9} But they did not listen; Manasseh caused them to stray so that they did worse evil than the nations the Lord had destroyed before the Israelites.^(AQ)

¹⁰ The Lord said through his servants the prophets, ¹¹ “Since King Manasseh of Judah has committed all these detestable acts^(AR)—worse evil than the Amorites^(AS) who preceded him had done—and by means of his idols has also caused Judah to sin, ¹² this is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘I am about to bring such a disaster on Jerusalem and Judah that everyone who hears about it will shudder.^{[g](AT) 13} I will stretch over Jerusalem the measuring line used on Samaria and the mason’s level used on the house of Ahab,^(AU) and I will wipe^(AV) Jerusalem clean as one wipes a bowl—wiping it and turning it upside down. ¹⁴ I will abandon the remnant^(AW) of my inheritance and hand them over to their enemies. They will become plunder and spoil to all their enemies, ¹⁵ because they have done what is evil in my sight and have angered me from the day their ancestors came out of Egypt until today.’”^(AX)

¹⁶ Manasseh also shed so much innocent blood that he filled Jerusalem with it from one end to another.^(AY) This was in addition to his sin that he caused Judah to commit, so that they did what was evil in the Lord’s sight.

Manasseh’s Death

¹⁷ The rest^(AZ) of the events of Manasseh’s reign, along with all his accomplishments and the sin that he committed, are written in the Historical Record of Judah’s Kings.^{(BA) 18} Manasseh rested with his ancestors and was buried in the garden of his own house, the garden of Uzza. His son Amon became king in his place.

Judah’s King Amon

¹⁹ Amon was twenty-two years old when he became king,^(BB) and he reigned two years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Meshullemeth daughter of Haruz; she was from Jotbah. ²⁰ He did what was evil in the Lord’s sight, just as his father Manasseh had done.^{(BC) 21} He walked in all the ways his father had walked; he served the idols his father had served, and he bowed in worship to them.^{(BD) 22} He abandoned the Lord God of his ancestors^(BE) and did not walk in the ways of the Lord.^(BF)

²³ Amon’s servants conspired against him and put the king to death in his own house.^{(BG) 24} The common people^[h] killed^(BH) all who had conspired against King Amon, and they made his son Josiah^(BI) king in his place.

²⁵ The rest of the events of Amon’s reign, along with his accomplishments, are written in the Historical Record of Judah’s Kings. ²⁶ He was buried in his tomb in the garden of Uzza, and his son Josiah became king in his place.

Judah’s King Manasseh

33 Manasseh was twelve years old^(A) when he became king, and he reigned fifty-five years in Jerusalem. ² He did what was evil in the Lord’s sight, imitating the detestable practices of the nations that the Lord had dispossessed before the Israelites.^{(B) 3} He rebuilt the high places that his father Hezekiah had torn down^(C) and reestablished the altars for the Baals. He made Asherah poles, and he bowed in worship to all the stars in the sky and served them. ⁴ He built altars^(D) in the Lord’s temple, where the Lord had said, “Jerusalem is where my name will remain forever.”^{(E) 5} He built altars to all the stars in the sky in both courtyards^(F) of the Lord’s temple. ⁶ He passed his sons through the fire in Ben Hinnom Valley.^(G) He practiced witchcraft, divination, and sorcery, and consulted mediums and spiritists.^(H) He did a huge amount of evil in the Lord’s sight, angering him.

⁷ Manasseh^(I) set up a carved image of the idol, which he had made, in God’s temple^(J) that God had spoken about to David and his son Solomon: “I will establish my name forever^[a](K) in this temple and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel.^{(L) 8} I will never again remove the feet of the Israelites from the land where I stationed your^[b](M) ancestors,^(N) if only they will be careful to do all I have commanded them through Moses—all the law, statutes, and judgments.” ⁹ So Manasseh caused Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem to stray so that they did worse evil than the nations the Lord had destroyed before the Israelites.

Manasseh’s Repentance

¹⁰ The Lord spoke to Manasseh and his people, but they didn’t listen.^{(O) 11} So he brought against them the military commanders of the king of Assyria. They captured Manasseh with hooks, bound him with bronze shackles, and took him to Babylon.^{(P) 12} When he was in distress, he sought the favor of the Lord his God and earnestly humbled himself^(Q) before the God of his ancestors. ¹³ He prayed to him, and the Lord was receptive to his prayer. He granted his request^(R) and brought him back to Jerusalem, to his kingdom. So Manasseh came to know that the Lord is God.^(S)

¹⁴ After this, he built the outer wall of the city of David from west of Gihon^(T) in the valley to the entrance of the Fish Gate;^(U) he brought it around Ophel,^(V) and he heightened it considerably. He also placed military commanders in all the fortified cities of Judah.

¹⁵ He removed the foreign gods and the idol^(W) from the Lord’s temple, along with all the altars that he had built on the mountain of the Lord’s temple and in Jerusalem, and he threw them outside the city. ¹⁶ He built^[c] the altar of the Lord and offered fellowship and thanksgiving sacrifices on it. Then he told Judah to serve the Lord, the God of Israel. ¹⁷ However, the people still sacrificed at the high places,^(X) but only to the Lord their God.

Manasseh’s Death

¹⁸ The rest of the events^(Y) of Manasseh’s reign, along with his prayer^(Z) to his God and the words of the seers who spoke to him in the name of the Lord, the God of Israel, are written in the Events of Israel’s Kings. ¹⁹ His prayer and how God was receptive to his prayer, and all his sin and unfaithfulness and the sites where he built high places and set up Asherah poles and carved images before he humbled himself, they are written in the Events of Hozai. ²⁰ Manasseh rested with his ancestors, and he was buried in his own house. His son Amon became king in his place.

Judah’s King Amon

²¹ Amon was twenty-two years old when he became king, and he reigned two years in Jerusalem. ²² He did what was evil in the Lord’s sight, just as his father Manasseh had done.^(AA) Amon sacrificed to all the carved images that his father Manasseh had made, and he served them. ²³ But he did not humble himself before the Lord like his father Manasseh humbled himself;^(AB) instead, Amon increased his guilt.

²⁴ So his servants conspired against him and put him to death^(AC) in his own house. ²⁵ The common people^[d] killed all who had conspired against King Amon, and they made his son Josiah king in his place.

Judah’s King Josiah

34 Josiah was eight years old^(AD) when he became king, and he reigned thirty-one years in Jerusalem. ² He did what was right in the Lord’s sight and walked in the ways of his ancestor David;^(AE) he did not turn aside to the right or the left.

Josiah’s Reform

³ In the eighth year of his reign, while he was still a youth, Josiah began to seek the God of his ancestor David,^(AF) and in the twelfth year he began to cleanse Judah and Jerusalem of the high places, the Asherah poles, the carved images,^(AG) and the cast images. ⁴ Then in his presence the altars of the Baals were torn down, and he chopped down the shrines^[e] that were above them. He shattered the Asherah poles, the carved images, and the cast images, crushed them to dust, and scattered^(AH) them over the graves of those who had sacrificed to them.^{(AI) 5} He burned the bones of the priests on their altars.^(AJ) So he cleansed Judah and Jerusalem. ⁶ He did the same in the cities^(AK) of Manasseh, Ephraim, and Simeon, and as far as Naphtali and on their surrounding mountain shrines.^{[f] 7} He tore down the altars, and he smashed the Asherah poles and the carved images to powder. He chopped down all the shrines throughout the land of Israel and returned to Jerusalem.^(AL)

Josiah’s Repair of the Temple

⁸ In the eighteenth year of his reign,^(AM) in order to cleanse the land and the temple, Josiah sent Shaphan son of Azaliah, along with Maaseiah the governor^(AN) of the city and the court historian Joah son of Joahaz, to repair the temple of the Lord his God.

⁹ So they went to the high priest Hilkiah^(AO) and gave him the silver brought into God’s temple. The Levites and the doorkeepers had collected it from Manasseh, Ephraim,^(AP) and from the entire remnant of Israel, and from all Judah, Benjamin, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem. ¹⁰ They gave it to those doing the work—those who oversaw the Lord’s temple. They gave it to the workmen who were working in the Lord’s temple, to repair and restore the temple; ¹¹ they gave it to the carpenters and builders and also used it to buy quarried stone and timbers—for joining and making beams—for the buildings that Judah’s kings had destroyed.

¹² The men were doing the work with integrity. Their overseers were Jahath and Obadiah, Levites from the Merarites, and Zechariah and Meshullam from the Kohathites as supervisors. The Levites were all skilled with musical instruments.^{(AQ) 13} They were also over the porters and were supervising all those doing the work task by task. Some of the Levites were secretaries, officers, and gatekeepers.

The Recovery of the Book of the Law

¹⁴ When they brought out the silver that had been deposited in the Lord’s temple, the priest Hilkiah found the book of the law of the Lord written by the hand of Moses.^{(AR) 15} Consequently,^(AS) Hilkiah told the court secretary Shaphan, “I have found the book of the law in the Lord’s temple,” and he gave the book to Shaphan.

¹⁶ Shaphan took the book to the king, and also reported, “Your servants are doing all that was placed in their hands. ¹⁷ They have emptied out the silver that was found in the Lord’s temple and have given it to the overseers and to those doing the work.” ¹⁸ Then the court secretary Shaphan told the king, “The priest Hilkiah gave me a book,” and Shaphan read from it in the presence of the king.^(AT)

¹⁹ When the king heard the words of the law, he tore his clothes.^{(AU) 20} Then he commanded Hilkiah, Ahikam son of Shaphan, Abdon son of Micah, the court secretary Shaphan, and the king’s servant Asaiah, ²¹ “Go and inquire of the Lord for me and for those remaining in Israel and Judah, concerning the words of the book that was found. For great is the Lord’s wrath that is poured out on us^(AV) because our ancestors have not kept the word of the Lord in order to do everything written in this book.”

Huldah’s Prophecy of Judgment

²² So Hilkiah and those the king had designated^[g] went to the prophetess Huldah, the wife of Shallum son of Tokhath, son of Hasrah, keeper of the wardrobe. She lived in Jerusalem in the Second District. They spoke with her about this.

²³ She said to them, “This is what the Lord God of Israel says: Say to the man who sent you to me, ²⁴ ‘This is what the Lord says: I am about to bring disaster on this place and on its inhabitants,^(AW) fulfilling^[h] all the curses written in the book that they read in the presence of the king of Judah,^{(AX) 25} because they have abandoned me^(AY) and burned incense to other gods so as to anger me with all the works of their hands. My wrath will be poured out on this place, and it will not be quenched.’ ²⁶ Say this to the king of Judah who sent you to inquire of the Lord: ‘This is what the Lord God of Israel says: As for the words that you heard, ²⁷ because^(AZ) your heart was tender and you humbled yourself before God when you heard his words against this place and against its inhabitants, and because you humbled yourself before me, and you tore your clothes and wept before me, I myself have heard’—this is the Lord’s declaration. ²⁸ ‘I will indeed gather you to your ancestors, and you will be gathered to your grave in peace. Your eyes will not see all the disaster that I am bringing on this place and on its inhabitants.’”^(BA)

Then they reported to the king.

Affirmation of the Covenant by Josiah and the People

²⁹ So the king sent messengers and gathered all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem. ³⁰ The king went up to the Lord’s temple with all the men of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, as well as the priests and the Levites—all the people from the oldest to the youngest. He read in their hearing all the words of the book of the covenant that had been found in the Lord’s temple.^{(BB) 31} Then the king stood at his post^(BC) and made a covenant in the Lord’s presence^(BD) to follow the Lord and to keep his commands, his decrees, and his statutes with all his heart and with all his soul^(BE) in order to carry out the words of the covenant written in this book.^(BF)

³² He had all those present in Jerusalem and Benjamin agree^[i] to it. So all the inhabitants of Jerusalem carried out the covenant of God, the God of their ancestors.

³³ So Josiah removed everything that was detestable from all the lands belonging to the Israelites,^(BG) and he required all who were present in Israel to serve the Lord their God. Throughout his reign they did not turn aside from following the Lord, the God of their ancestors.

Josiah’s Passover Observance

35 Josiah observed the Lord’s Passover^(BH) and slaughtered the Passover lambs on the fourteenth day of the first month.^{(BI) 2} He appointed the priests to their responsibilities and encouraged them to serve in the Lord’s temple.^{(BJ) 3} He said to the Levites who taught all Israel^(BK) the holy things of the Lord, “Put the holy ark in the temple built by Solomon son of David king of Israel. Since you do not have to carry it on your shoulders,^(BL) now serve the Lord your God and his people Israel.

⁴ “Organize your ancestral families^[j] by your divisions^(BM) according to the written instruction of King David of Israel and that of his son Solomon.^{(BN) 5} Serve in the holy place by the groupings of the ancestral families^[k] for your brothers, the lay people,^[l] and according to the division of the Levites by family.^{(BO) 6} Slaughter the Passover lambs,^(BP) consecrate yourselves,^(BQ) and make preparations for your brothers to carry out the word of the Lord through Moses.”

⁷ Then Josiah donated thirty thousand sheep, lambs, and young goats, plus three thousand cattle from his own possessions, for the Passover sacrifices for all the lay people who were present.

⁸ His officials also donated willingly for the people, the priests, and the Levites. Hilkiah, Zechariah, and Jehiel, chief officials of God’s temple, gave twenty-six hundred Passover sacrifices and three hundred cattle for the priests. ⁹ Conaniah^(BR) and his brothers Shemaiah and Nethanel, and Hashabiah, Jeiel, and Jozabad, officers of the Levites, donated five thousand Passover sacrifices for the Levites, plus five hundred cattle.

¹⁰ So the service was established; the priests stood at their posts and the Levites in their divisions according to the king’s command.^{(BS) 11} Then they slaughtered the Passover lambs, and while the Levites were skinning the animals,^(BT) the priests splattered the blood^[m] they had been given.^{[n] 12} They removed the burnt offerings so that they might be given to the groupings of the ancestral families^[o] of the lay people to offer to the Lord, according to what is written in the book of Moses; they did the same with the cattle. ¹³ They roasted the Passover lambs with fire according to regulation.^(BU) They boiled the holy sacrifices in pots, kettles, and bowls; and they quickly brought them to the lay people. ¹⁴ Afterward, they made preparations for themselves and for the priests, since the priests, the descendants of Aaron, were busy offering up burnt offerings and fat until night. So the Levites made preparations for themselves and for the priests, the descendants of Aaron.

¹⁵ The singers, the descendants of Asaph, were at their stations according to the command of David, Asaph, Heman, and Jeduthun the king’s seer.^(BV) Also, the gatekeepers were at each temple gate.^(BW) None of them left their tasks because their Levite brothers had made preparations for them.

¹⁶ So all the service of the Lord was established that day for observing the Passover and for offering burnt offerings on the altar of the Lord, according to the command of King Josiah. ¹⁷ The Israelites who were present in Judah also observed the Passover at that time and the Festival of Unleavened Bread for seven days.^{(BX) 18} No Passover had been observed^(BY) like it in Israel since the days of the prophet Samuel. None of the kings of Israel ever observed a Passover like the one that Josiah observed with the priests, the Levites, all Judah, the Israelites who were present in Judah, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem. ¹⁹ In the eighteenth year of Josiah’s reign, this Passover was observed.

Josiah’s Last Deeds and Death

²⁰ After all this^(BZ) that Josiah had prepared for the temple, King Neco of Egypt^(CA) marched up to fight at Carchemish^(CB) by the Euphrates, and Josiah went out to confront him. ²¹ But Neco sent messengers to him, saying, “What is the issue between you and me, king of Judah?^(CC) I have not come against you today^[p] but I am fighting another dynasty.^[q] God told me to hurry. Stop opposing God who is with me; don’t make him destroy you!”

²² But Josiah did not turn away from him; instead, in order to fight with him he disguised himself.^[r](CD) He did not listen to Neco’s words from the mouth of God, but went to the Valley of Megiddo^(CE) to fight. ²³ The archers shot King Josiah, and he said to his servants, “Take me away, for I am severely wounded!” ^{(CF) 24} So his servants took him out of the war chariot, carried him in his second chariot, and brought him to Jerusalem. Then he died, and they buried him in the tomb of his ancestors. All Judah and Jerusalem mourned^(CG) for Josiah. ²⁵ Jeremiah chanted a dirge^(CH) over Josiah, and all the male and female singers still speak of Josiah in their dirges today. They established them as a statute for Israel, and indeed they are written in the Dirges.

²⁶ The rest of the events^(CI) of Josiah’s reign, along with his deeds of faithful love according to what is written in the law of the Lord, ²⁷ and his words, from beginning to end, are written in the Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah.