Die letzten Könige von Juda bis zur Verbannung nach Babylonien (Kapitel 36)

König Joahas von Juda (2. Könige 23,31‒35)

36 Das Volk ernannte Joahas, Josias Sohn, zum König und setzte ihn in Jerusalem als Nachfolger seines Vaters ein. Joahas wurde mit 23 Jahren König und regierte drei Monate in Jerusalem. Dann setzte der Pharao, der König von Ägypten, ihn ab. Das Land Juda musste 70 Zentner Silber und 35 Kilogramm Gold als Tribut zahlen. Zum neuen König von Juda und Jerusalem ernannte der Pharao Eljakim, einen Bruder von Joahas, und änderte seinen Namen in Jojakim. Joahas aber nahm er als Gefangenen mit nach Ägypten.

König Jojakim von Juda (2. Könige 23,36–24,7)

Jojakim wurde mit 25 Jahren König und regierte elf Jahre in Jerusalem. Er tat, was dem Herrn, seinem Gott, missfiel. König Nebukadnezar von Babylonien griff Juda an, nahm Jojakim gefangen und brachte ihn in Ketten nach Babylon. Nebukadnezar erbeutete auch einen Teil der kostbaren Gegenstände aus dem Tempel des Herrn und stellte sie in seinem Palast in Babylon auf.

Alles Weitere über Jojakim steht in der Chronik der Könige von Israel und Juda. Man kann dort nachlesen, welche abscheulichen Taten er verübte und was sonst über ihn zu sagen ist. Sein Sohn Jojachin trat die Nachfolge an.

König Jojachin von Juda (2. Könige 24,8‒17)

Jojachin wurde mit 18 Jahren[a] König und regierte drei Monate und zehn Tage in Jerusalem. Er tat, was dem Herrn missfiel. 10 Schon im darauffolgenden Frühling ließ König Nebukadnezar ihn gefangen nehmen und nach Babylon bringen. Auch die kostbaren Gegenstände aus dem Tempel des Herrn nahm er mit. Nebukadnezar ernannte Jojachins Onkel Zedekia zum neuen König.

König Zedekia von Juda und die Zerstörung Jerusalems (2. Könige 24,18–25,21; Jeremia 39,1‒10; 52,1‒30)

11 Zedekia wurde mit 21 Jahren König und regierte elf Jahre in Jerusalem. 12 Er tat, was dem Herrn, seinem Gott, missfiel. Vom Propheten Jeremia, der ihn im Auftrag des Herrn warnte, ließ er sich nichts sagen. 13 Zedekia lehnte sich gegen König Nebukadnezar auf, obwohl er ihm vor Gott einen Treueeid hatte leisten müssen. Hartnäckig widersetzte er sich dem Herrn, dem Gott Israels, und kehrte nicht zu ihm zurück.

14 Aber auch die obersten Priester und das Volk luden immer mehr Schuld auf sich. Sie übernahmen die abscheulichen Bräuche der Nachbarvölker und entweihten sogar den Tempel in Jerusalem, den der Herr doch als sein Heiligtum erwählt hatte.

15 Immer wieder sandte der Herr, der Gott ihrer Vorfahren, seine Boten zu ihnen und ließ sie warnen; denn er wollte sein Volk und seinen Tempel vor Unheil bewahren. 16 Doch die Judäer verspotteten Gottes Propheten nur. Verächtlich lachten sie über ihre Botschaft, bis der Herr so zornig auf sein Volk wurde, dass es für sie keine Rettung mehr gab. 17 Er ließ König Nebukadnezar von Babylonien mit seinem Heer in Juda einfallen. Die Babylonier brachten alle jungen Judäer mit dem Schwert um, sie verfolgten sie sogar bis in den Tempel. Nebukadnezar verschonte niemanden, weder die jungen Männer und Frauen noch die Alten und Greise. Gott gab sie alle in seine Gewalt. 18 Nebukadnezar nahm alle verbliebenen Gegenstände aus dem Tempel, egal ob groß oder klein, mit nach Babylon, dazu den Tempelschatz und die Schätze des Königs und seiner obersten Beamten. 19 Seine Soldaten steckten den Tempel in Brand, rissen die Stadtmauer von Jerusalem nieder und ließen die Paläste in Flammen aufgehen. So vernichteten sie alle wertvollen Gegenstände, die noch übrig geblieben waren. 20 Alle, die das Blutbad überlebt hatten, ließ der König als Gefangene nach Babylonien verschleppen. Sie mussten ihm und später seinen Nachkommen als Sklaven dienen bis zu der Zeit, als die Perser die Herrschaft übernahmen.

21 Damit ging in Erfüllung, was der Herr durch seinen Propheten Jeremia vorausgesagt hatte. Das Land sollte so lange brachliegen, bis es alle Ruhejahre[b] bekommen hatte, die von den Königen nicht eingehalten worden waren. Darum blieb das Land nun siebzig Jahre lang verwüstet.

Kyrus erlaubt die Heimkehr aus der Verbannung (Esra 1,1‒3)

22 Im 1. Regierungsjahr des Perserkönigs Kyrus ließ der Herr in Erfüllung gehen, was er durch den Propheten Jeremia vorausgesagt hatte:[c] Er bewog Kyrus dazu, in seinem ganzen Reich mündlich und schriftlich folgenden Erlass zu verkünden:

23 »Kyrus, der König von Persien, gibt bekannt:

Alle Königreiche der Erde hat Gott, der Herr, der im Himmel regiert, in meine Gewalt gegeben. Er gab mir den Auftrag, ihm zu Ehren in Jerusalem in der Provinz Juda einen Tempel zu bauen. Wer von euch zu seinem Volk gehört, soll nun nach Jerusalem ziehen. Der Segen des Herrn, eures Gottes, möge euch begleiten.«

Footnotes

  1. 36,9 So nach 2. Könige 24,8 und einigen alten Handschriften. Der hebräische Text lautet: mit acht Jahren.
  2. 36,21 Wörtlich: Sabbatjahre.
  3. 36,22 Vgl. Jeremia 29,10.

36 Then the people of the land took Jehoahaz, the son of Josiah, and made him king in his father’s place in Jerusalem.

Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he began to reign. And he reigned for three months in Jerusalem.

And the king of Egypt took him away at Jerusalem and imposed a tribute on the land of one hundred talents of silver and one talent of gold.

And the king of Egypt made Eliakim, his brother, king over Judah and Jerusalem and changed his name to Jehoiakim. And Necho took Jehoahaz, his brother, and carried him to Egypt.

Jehoiakim was twenty-five years old when he began to reign. And he reigned for eleven years in Jerusalem and did evil in the sight of the LORD his God.

Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babel, came up against him and bound him with chains to carry him to Babel.

Nebuchadnezzar also carried of the vessels of the House of the LORD to Babel and put them in his temple at Babel.

Concerning the rest of the acts of Jehoiakim and his abominations which he did, and that which was found against him, behold, they are written in the Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah. And Jehoiachin, his son, reigned in his place.

Jehoiachin was eight years old when he began to reign. And he reigned for three months and ten days in Jerusalem and did evil in the sight of the LORD.

10 And when the year was out, King Nebuchadnezzar sent and brought him to Babel, with the precious vessels of the House of the LORD. And he made Zedekiah, his brother, king over Judah and Jerusalem.

11 Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he began to reign and reigned for eleven years in Jerusalem.

12 And he did evil in the sight of the LORD his God and did not humble himself before Jeremiah the Prophet at the Commandment of the LORD.

13 But he also rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar, who had caused him to swear by God. And he hardened his neck and made his heart obstinate, so that he might not return to the LORD God of Israel.

14 Also, all the chief of the priests and of the people trespassed very much, according to all the abominations of the heathen, and polluted the houses of the LORD which He had sanctified in Jerusalem.

15 Therefore, the LORD God of their fathers sent to them by his messengers, rising early and sending. For He had compassion on His people, and on His habitation.

16 But they mocked the messengers of God and despised His Words and misused His Prophets, until the wrath of the LORD arose against His people, and until there was no remedy.

17 For He brought the king of the Chaldeans upon them, who killed their young men with the sword in the House of their Sanctuary, and spared neither young man nor virgin, ancient nor aged. God gave all into his hand.

18 And all the vessels of the House of God, great and small, and the treasures of the House of the LORD, and the treasures of the king, and of his princes, all these he carried to Babel.

19 And they burnt the House of God, and broke down the wall of Jerusalem, and burnt all its palaces with fire, and destroyed all its precious vessels.

20 And those who were left by the sword, he carried away to Babel. And they were servants to him, and to his sons, until the kingdom of the Persians ruled,

21 to fulfill the Word of the LORD by the mouth of Jeremiah, until the land had her fill of her Sabbaths. For all the days that she lay desolate, she kept Sabbath, to fulfill seventy years.

22 But in the first year of Cyrus, king of Persia (when the Word of the LORD, spoken by the mouth of Jeremiah, was finished) the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus, king of Persia. And he made a proclamation through all his kingdom, and also by writing, saying,

23 “Thus says Cyrus, king of Persia, ‘The LORD God of Heaven has given me all the kingdoms of the Earth and has Commanded me to build Him a House in Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Whoever is among you of all His people with whom the LORD his God is, let him go up!’”

The Reign and Captivity of Jehoahaz(A)

36 Then (B)the people of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah, and made him king in his father’s place in Jerusalem. [a]Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. Now the king of Egypt deposed him at Jerusalem; and he imposed on the land a tribute of one hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold. Then the king of Egypt made [b]Jehoahaz’s brother Eliakim king over Judah and Jerusalem, and changed his name to Jehoiakim. And Necho took [c]Jehoahaz his brother and carried him off to Egypt.

The Reign and Captivity of Jehoiakim(C)

(D)Jehoiakim was twenty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. And he did (E)evil in the sight of the Lord his God. (F)Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up against him, and bound him in [d]bronze fetters to (G)carry him off to Babylon. (H)Nebuchadnezzar also carried off some of the articles from the house of the Lord to Babylon, and put them in his temple at Babylon. Now the rest of the acts of Jehoiakim, the abominations which he did, and what was found against him, indeed they are written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah. Then [e]Jehoiachin his son reigned in his place.

The Reign and Captivity of Jehoiachin(I)

(J)Jehoiachin was [f]eight years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months and ten days. And he did evil in the sight of the Lord. 10 At the turn of the year (K)King Nebuchadnezzar summoned him and took him to Babylon, (L)with the costly articles from the house of the Lord, and made (M)Zedekiah,[g] [h]Jehoiakim’s brother, king over Judah and Jerusalem.

Zedekiah Reigns in Judah(N)

11 (O)Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he became king, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. 12 He did evil in the sight of the Lord his God, and (P)did not humble himself before Jeremiah the prophet, who spoke from the mouth of the Lord. 13 And he also (Q)rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear an oath by God; but he (R)stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the Lord God of Israel. 14 Moreover all the leaders of the priests and the people transgressed more and more, according to all the abominations of the nations, and defiled the house of the Lord which He had consecrated in Jerusalem.

The Fall of Jerusalem(S)

15 (T)And the Lord God of their fathers sent warnings to them by His messengers, rising up early and sending them, because He had compassion on His people and on His dwelling place. 16 But (U)they mocked the messengers of God, (V)despised His words, and (W)scoffed at His prophets, until the (X)wrath of the Lord arose against His people, till there was no remedy.

17 (Y)Therefore He brought against them the king of the Chaldeans, who (Z)killed their young men with the sword in the house of their sanctuary, and had no compassion on young man or virgin, on the aged or the weak; He gave them all into his hand. 18 (AA)And all the articles from the house of God, great and small, the treasures of the house of the Lord, and the treasures of the king and of his leaders, all these he took to Babylon. 19 (AB)Then they burned the house of God, broke down the wall of Jerusalem, burned all its palaces with fire, and destroyed all its precious possessions. 20 And (AC)those who escaped from the sword he carried away to Babylon, (AD)where they became servants to him and his sons until the rule of the kingdom of Persia, 21 to fulfill the word of the Lord by the mouth of (AE)Jeremiah, until the land (AF)had enjoyed her Sabbaths. As long as she lay desolate (AG)she kept Sabbath, to fulfill seventy years.

The Proclamation of Cyrus(AH)

22 (AI)Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of the Lord by the mouth of (AJ)Jeremiah might be fulfilled, the Lord stirred up the spirit of (AK)Cyrus king of Persia, so that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and also put it in writing, saying,

23 (AL)Thus says Cyrus king of Persia:

All the kingdoms of the earth the Lord God of heaven has given me. And He has commanded me to build Him a [i]house at Jerusalem which is in Judah. Who is among you of all His people? May the Lord his God be with him, and let him go up!

Footnotes

  1. 2 Chronicles 36:2 MT Joahaz
  2. 2 Chronicles 36:4 Lit. his
  3. 2 Chronicles 36:4 MT Joahaz
  4. 2 Chronicles 36:6 chains
  5. 2 Chronicles 36:8 Or Jeconiah
  6. 2 Chronicles 36:9 Heb. mss., LXX, Syr. eighteen and 2 Kin. 24:8
  7. 2 Chronicles 36:10 Or Mattaniah
  8. 2 Chronicles 36:10 Lit. his brother, 2 Kin. 24:17
  9. 2 Chronicles 36:23 Temple

36 And the people(A) of the land took Jehoahaz son of Josiah and made him king in Jerusalem in place of his father.

Jehoahaz King of Judah(B)

Jehoahaz[a] was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months. The king of Egypt dethroned him in Jerusalem and imposed on Judah a levy of a hundred talents[b] of silver and a talent[c] of gold. The king of Egypt made Eliakim, a brother of Jehoahaz, king over Judah and Jerusalem and changed Eliakim’s name to Jehoiakim. But Necho(C) took Eliakim’s brother Jehoahaz and carried him off to Egypt.(D)

Jehoiakim King of Judah(E)

Jehoiakim(F) was twenty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem eleven years. He did evil in the eyes of the Lord his God. Nebuchadnezzar(G) king of Babylon attacked him and bound him with bronze shackles to take him to Babylon.(H) Nebuchadnezzar also took to Babylon articles from the temple of the Lord and put them in his temple[d] there.(I)

The other events of Jehoiakim’s reign, the detestable things he did and all that was found against him, are written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah. And Jehoiachin his son succeeded him as king.

Jehoiachin King of Judah(J)

Jehoiachin(K) was eighteen[e] years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months and ten days. He did evil in the eyes of the Lord. 10 In the spring, King Nebuchadnezzar sent for him and brought him to Babylon,(L) together with articles of value from the temple of the Lord, and he made Jehoiachin’s uncle,[f] Zedekiah, king over Judah and Jerusalem.

Zedekiah King of Judah(M)

11 Zedekiah(N) was twenty-one years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem eleven years. 12 He did evil in the eyes of the Lord(O) his God and did not humble(P) himself before Jeremiah the prophet, who spoke the word of the Lord. 13 He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him take an oath(Q) in God’s name. He became stiff-necked(R) and hardened his heart and would not turn to the Lord, the God of Israel. 14 Furthermore, all the leaders of the priests and the people became more and more unfaithful,(S) following all the detestable practices of the nations and defiling the temple of the Lord, which he had consecrated in Jerusalem.

The Fall of Jerusalem(T)(U)

15 The Lord, the God of their ancestors, sent word to them through his messengers(V) again and again,(W) because he had pity on his people and on his dwelling place. 16 But they mocked God’s messengers, despised his words and scoffed(X) at his prophets until the wrath(Y) of the Lord was aroused against his people and there was no remedy.(Z) 17 He brought up against them the king of the Babylonians,[g](AA) who killed their young men with the sword in the sanctuary, and did not spare young men(AB) or young women, the elderly or the infirm.(AC) God gave them all into the hands of Nebuchadnezzar.(AD) 18 He carried to Babylon all the articles(AE) from the temple of God, both large and small, and the treasures of the Lord’s temple and the treasures of the king and his officials. 19 They set fire(AF) to God’s temple(AG) and broke down the wall(AH) of Jerusalem; they burned all the palaces and destroyed(AI) everything of value there.(AJ)

20 He carried into exile(AK) to Babylon the remnant, who escaped from the sword, and they became servants(AL) to him and his successors until the kingdom of Persia came to power. 21 The land enjoyed its sabbath rests;(AM) all the time of its desolation it rested,(AN) until the seventy years(AO) were completed in fulfillment of the word of the Lord spoken by Jeremiah.

22 In the first year of Cyrus(AP) king of Persia, in order to fulfill the word of the Lord spoken by Jeremiah, the Lord moved the heart of Cyrus king of Persia to make a proclamation throughout his realm and also to put it in writing:

23 “This is what Cyrus king of Persia says:

“‘The Lord, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth and he has appointed(AQ) me to build a temple for him at Jerusalem in Judah. Any of his people among you may go up, and may the Lord their God be with them.’”

Footnotes

  1. 2 Chronicles 36:2 Hebrew Joahaz, a variant of Jehoahaz; also in verse 4
  2. 2 Chronicles 36:3 That is, about 3 3/4 tons or about 3.4 metric tons
  3. 2 Chronicles 36:3 That is, about 75 pounds or about 34 kilograms
  4. 2 Chronicles 36:7 Or palace
  5. 2 Chronicles 36:9 One Hebrew manuscript, some Septuagint manuscripts and Syriac (see also 2 Kings 24:8); most Hebrew manuscripts eight
  6. 2 Chronicles 36:10 Hebrew brother, that is, relative (see 2 Kings 24:17)
  7. 2 Chronicles 36:17 Or Chaldeans